1、Period 3Grammar,.定义直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。,直接引语变间接引语(一),.几个方面的变化1句型变化(1)请观察下面句子：He said，“I saw her last night.”He said that he had seen her the night before.归纳总结：如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句，而且在不引起歧义时that可以省略。此时语序不变。,
2、(2)请观察下列句子：He said，“Are you ready？”He asked(us)if we were ready.归纳总结：如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if引导，使其成为宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，也可以加上一个间接宾语me，him，her，us或them等。,(3)请观察下列句子：She said to Tom，“How are you feeling now？”She asked Tom how he was feeling then.归纳总结：如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，仍
3、用特殊疑问句中的疑问词作为连接词引出间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。,2时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不需变化，若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语从句的时态变为相应的过去某种时态，一般为向前推一个时态。,但是直接引语属于下面的情况，变为间接引语时时态不作改变。(1)主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。aHe says，“Im tired.”He says that he is tired.bHe will say，“Tom was lazy.”He will tell you that Tom was lazy.,(2)当直接引语是客观真理
4、时，不受时间限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.(3)直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。She said，“I was born in 1978”She said that she was born in 1978.,(4)when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。
5、He said，“It is many years since he came to live here.”He said that it was many years since he came to live there.(5)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意义。He said，“You must be very fond of art.”He said that I must be very fond of art.,3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指示代词：thisthatthesethose时间状语：no
6、wthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforelast week/monththe week/month before,three days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next daynext weekthe next week地点状语：herethere方向性动词：comegobringtake【温馨提示】如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there，come也不必改为go；如果是在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等的时间状语也不必改变。,4人称代词的变化例： “Ill
7、 let you know as soon as I get the tickets，”he told me.He told me that he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.,.将下列句子变成直接引语或间接引语1Miss Green said to me，“Have you finished your homework？”【答案】Miss Green asked me whether I had finished my homework.,2He said that John had gone to China ten ye
8、ars before and he had been living there ever since.【答案】“John went to China ten years ago，and he has been living there ever since，”he said.3“How much do you think it will cost？”he said.【答案】He asked me how much I thought it would cost.4He asked(me)whether I had seen her the night before.【答案】“Did you s
9、ee her last night？”he asked.5He said，“Im going to Beijing tomorrow.”【答案】He said he was going to Beijing the next day.,.单句改错1The teacher told us not talk any more.【答案】not后面加to2The doctor said to his wife，“Not wait for me.”【答案】Not改为Dont3He asked me who I am.【答案】am改为was4Mary said that she would see you
10、 tomorrow.【答案】tomorrow改为the next day5Mother asked what the matter was.【答案】the matter was改为was the matter,.把下列直接引语变为间接引语1“I didnt mean to hurt you，”said my friend Mary.My friend Mary said_.【答案】that she hadnt meant to hurt me2Mom asked，“Will you stay at home alone this weekend？”Mom asked_.【答案】whether/
11、if I would stay at home alone that weekend,3My father asked，“What do you want to get as a present on your birthday？”My father asked_.【答案】what I wanted to get as a present on my birthday4“What will we eat today？”he asked his mother.He asked his mother_.【答案】what they would eat that day5“Im sure Robin
12、can win the match tomorrow.”Tom said to me.Tom said to me that_.【答案】he was sure Robin could win the match the next day,.把下列间接引语变为直接引语1My brother asked me why I was so worried about the exam.“_” my brother asked me.【答案】Why are you so worried about the exam?2The stranger said that he had lived in that
13、 city for about three years.The stranger said，“_”【答案】I have lived in this city for about three years.,3The boss asked me whether I would ask for leave since I was not well.The boss asked，“_”【答案】Will you ask for leave since you are not well?4He asked me what was the matter with me.He asked，“_”【答案】Wha
14、ts the matter with you?5The little ant said that it could lift up the big stone.“_”said the little ant.【答案】I can lift up the big stone.,.将空白处补充完整，完成下列直接引语到间接引语的转换1“I dont want to go sightseeing，”said John.John said that_go sightseeing.【答案】he didnt want to2The mother said，“Im cooking.”The mother said
15、 that_.【答案】she was cooking,3Daisy said，“I have bought a new computer.”Daisy said that_a new computer.【答案】she had bought4They said，“We stayed in America.”They said that_in America.【答案】they had stayed5He said，“I had left for Beijing before you called me.”He said that_for Beijing before_.【答案】he had lef
16、t，we called him,人际关系人际关系指人与人之间的交往与友谊，与家人、朋友、邻居、亲戚或他人之间的情感交流或沟通，如师生关系、父子关系、同学之间的友情；对他人的感谢、感恩、宽容、道歉、赞扬、微笑；请求他人同意和帮助、解决问题、处理矛盾冲突、和解，等等。,根据广东写作题的特点，针对人际关系方面，命题人可能会选择上述某一个话题，如宽容、赞扬等，要求考生通过自己或他人的一次经历来发表看法。以下几个具体话题值得关注：(1)有的同学抱怨父母的期望高、作业多、压力太大，或对生活中的其他方面感到不满，请写一篇短文，准备在“我们应该抱怨生活吗”的主题班会上发表你的看法。,(2)假如你是李华，一年前
17、你随父母迁移到某地并进入一所当地高中就读，由于不懂当地的话，学习、生活很不顺心，请你向某中学英文报写一封求助信。(3)写一篇短文，参加“增进父母与孩子之间的理解，构建和谐家庭”的演讲比赛。(4)就“如何构建和谐班集体”谈谈你的看法。(5)描写你和你的同学是怎样建立起友好关系的。,一、必备短语1. learn from each other 互相学习2. promote the friendship 增进友谊3. improve the relationship改善关系4. show love and concern for sb 爱护和关心某人5. share joys and sorrows
18、 with sb与某人同甘共苦6. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友,二、相关句式1. Good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other. 善于倾听使我们彼此走得更近。2. A good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance for our studies.良好的师生关系对我们的学习很重要。3. To build a good relationship, we should trust in each
19、 other. 要建立良好的关系，我们应该彼此信任。,4Only in this way can we enjoy an equal relationship. 只有这样我们才能享有平等的关系。5They find it easy to communicate with their teachers. 他们发觉很容易和老师沟通。6We should value this harmonious relationship between teachers and students. 我们应该珍惜师生之间这种和谐的关系。,三、语篇模板请用100个左右的词写一篇关于学生假期该不该帮助父母做家务的短文。
20、要点如下：1有些学生认为学习最重要，学习时间宝贵，做家务浪费时间；2也有些学生认为做家务能让他们更好地理解父母；3陈述你的观点并给出理由(至少两条)。,【范文】Should students do housework during vacations? Some students think the most important thing they need to do is to study well. Its unnecessary for them to spend their precious time doing housework. But in some other stude
21、nts minds, doing housework gives them chances to get to know their parents better.Well, in my opinion, Id like to say that students should do some housework during vacations. Here are some of my reasons:,First, we should help our parents during the holidays as they have done so much for us. Second,
22、doing housework after studying for a long time can relax us. Third, doing housework can help us develop a sense of responsibility.,四、写作练笔以下是你最近参加的一次主题活动的主要内容：全体高一学生参加了主题为“如何做一名受欢迎的学生”的活动。时间：上星期三下午地点：学校图书馆过程：实例分析(analyze)小组讨论老师点评(comment)结论(conclusion)：行为端正；学习认真；为人着想；讲礼貌；与人融洽相处影响；认识自我，决心做个受欢迎的学生。,【写作
23、内容】请根据以上信息为你校的英语小报写一篇100字左右的英文报道，并包括以下内容：1. 活动的主题、对象、时间、地点和过程；2. 如何做受欢迎的学生；3. 活动产生的影响。,【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。_,【答案】Last Wednesday afternoon, an activity on the theme of “how to become a popular student” was held for the students of Senior One in the school library.First of all, we students anal
24、yzed some examples, then we had a discussion in groups.Later some teachers were invited to give their comments on the topic.Finally, we came to a conclusion that a student should be wellbehaved and study hard to become popular.Whats more, popular students are supposed to be considerate and polite and get along well with others as well.As a result, we have learned more about ourselves and everyone is determined to be a popular student.,
