1、- 1 -普通高等学校 2018 年招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷(四)英 语 注 意 事 项 ：1 答 题 前 ， 先 将 自 己 的 姓 名 、 准 考 证 号 填 写 在 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 上 ， 并 将 准 考 证 号 条形 码 粘 贴 在 答 题 卡 上 的 指 定 位 置 。2 选 择 题 的 作 答 ： 每 小 题 选 出 答 案 后 ， 用 2B 铅 笔 把 答 题 卡 上 对 应 题 目 的 答 案 标号 涂 黑 ， 写 在 试 题 卷 、 草 稿 纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。3 非 选 择 题 的 作 答 ： 用 签 字 笔 直 接
2、答 在 答 题 卡 上 对 应 的 答 题 区 域 内 。 写 在 试 题 卷 、草 稿 纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。4 考 试 结 束 后 ， 请 将 本 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 上 交 。第 卷第 一 部 分 听 力 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 30 分 ） (略 ) 第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 40 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 15 小 题 ： 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 30 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 （ A、 B、 C 和 D） 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项
3、， 并 在 答题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑 。AIn fairy tales, its usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-year-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack int
4、o the most popular web browser（浏览器）on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Googles attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them.Tabrizs role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at Google. Back then, the yo
5、ung graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers-today there are over 500.Cybercrime（网络犯罪）has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to credit card theft. Tabrizs biggest concern now is the people who find bugs in Googles software, and sell the infor
6、mation to - 2 -governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20, 000 for reported mistakes.Its a world away from Tabrizs computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-American doctor fathe
7、r, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across a line-up of Google security staff today and youll find women like Tabriz are few and far between（稀少的）- though in the last few years she has hired more female
8、tech geniuses. She admits theres an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but a vending machine. Tabrizs job is as much about technological know-how（专门知识）as understanding the psychology o
9、f attackers.21. What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A. She was the first female engineer at Google.B. She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C. Her job relates to not only technology but also psychology.D. Her frequent contact with computers in childhood benefits her a
10、lot.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话 Tabrizs job is as much about technological know-how（专门知识）as understanding the psychology of attackers. Tabriz 的工作对于技术的知识和对攻击者心理的理解一样重要，可知 Tabriz 的工作和技术以及心理学都有关系。故选 C。【答案】 C22. Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A. To protect Google against cybercrime.B. To
11、monitor the normal operation of Google.C. To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D. To raise peoples awareness of personal information safety.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子 To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program 联系上文，理解句子中 this 指代的就是上文说的网- 3 -络犯罪，可知 Google 建立 Vul
12、nerability Rewards Program 的目的就是对了保护 Google 免受网络犯罪的影响。故选 A。【答案】 A23. What does the underlined word “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Imbalance. B. Preference. C. Difference. D. Discrimination.【解析】词义猜测题。联系上文 youll find women like Tabriz are few and far between（稀少的）- though in the last few y
13、ears she has hired more female tech geniuses.你会发现像 Tabriz 这样的女性非常少，尽管在过去几年她雇佣了更多的女性技术骨干。可知这里 Tabriz 说的是在硅谷有明显的性别不平衡。可判断“disequilibrium”的词义是“不平衡” 。故选 A。【答案】 A24. Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A. What leads to cybercrimeB. The “Security Princess” who guards GoogleC. Me
14、asures taken by Google to protect its usersD. How to become an excellent security engineer【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了保护 Google 安全的“Google Security Princess” Parisa Tabriz 以及她的工作。故所以标题用 The “Security Princess” who guards Google“保护 Google 的安全公主”合适，故选 B。【答案】 BBThe English have a difficult and, generally
15、speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an international reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellenc
16、e, such as high-class mens suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”.You may be surprised that I am including “innovative street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrot-haired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or -
17、 4 -the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? Its true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的 ) but in fact they all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no atte
18、ntion to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone elses opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentric than any other nations street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart fro
19、m the Queen, but we have a sort of collective eccentricity, and ye appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves.
20、 However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.The goths, in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chat
21、ting to a goth in the full vampire costumewith a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”. “Why are you wearing that?” I asked. “In case you dont realize Im a goth.” he answered, pretending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.25.
22、What can we know about the English people?A. They need rules to dress well. B. They are in need of uniforms.C. They are creative in general. D. They lead the world trend.【解析】细节推理题。根据第一段 Their main problem is dial they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them.可知，英国人在穿
23、衣方面有规则束缚，故选 A。【答案】 A26. Who is individually eccentric in dressing?A. A high-class man. B. A parrot-haired punk.- 5 -C. The Queen. D. The fashion innovator.【解析】细节推理题。根据第二段 The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she li
24、kes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone elses opinion.和 We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen 可知，在穿衣方面真正奇特的是女王，女王对时尚毫不在意，继续穿着她喜欢的衣服，一种 20 世纪 50 年代的时尚，不考虑别人的意见。故选 C。【答案】 C27. Which of the following can best describe the goths?A. They dress badly.B. They dress in a
25、n amusing way.C. They are unable to laugh at the way they dress.D. They are less fashionable than the other English people.【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段 The Goths, in their scaring black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously.和 I was once chatting to a Goth in the full vampire costum
26、e-with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”.可知，The Goths 的穿着很有趣，故选 B。【答案】 B28. What may be the best title for the text?A. How the English DressB. How the English Admire FashionC. Why the English Like UniformsD. Why the English Are
27、 Eccentric in Dress【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国各类人穿衣的特点，其共性和个性。故 A 项“英国人如何穿着”最适合作文章文章。故选 A。【答案】 ACNot long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies - 6 -begin learning on their first day of life. Scientists no
28、te that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human b
29、eings. One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated wh
30、ile in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was b
31、orn. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted
32、 to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their childrens activities and did not interfere(干预) unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the wome
33、n for signs of depression. The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.These children also were less cooperative and ha
34、d more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.29. According to the passage, which of the
35、 following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies?- 7 -A. The environment. B. Their peersC. Mothers sensitivity D. Education before birth【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段，Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.。可知婴儿的成长是受环境的影响的。可知选 B。【答案】 B30. What is the
36、 purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?A. To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are bornB. To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babiesC. To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies language skillsD. To p
37、rove that babies can learn before they are born【解析】细节理解题。根据问题实验中，婴儿听到这个故事的目的是什么？由文中第四段The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was b
38、orn.可知选 D。【答案】 D31. Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?A. The children of women who did not suffer from depressionB. The children of depressed but caring mothersC. The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their childrenD. Children with high communication
39、abilities【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear 可知.抑郁症的母亲的孩子的语言是最差的。故选 C。【答案】 C32. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babiesB. Scientific findings about how bab
40、ies develop before birthC. Scientific findings about how time has an effect on babies intelligence- 8 -D. A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are five or six months old【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要是讲科学家如何开发婴儿的智力。故选A。【答案】 ADOver seven months have passed since Panamanian officials la
41、unched an expansion of the world famous Panama Canal. Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest cargo ships (货船) could easily pass through the canal. Yet the $ 5.25-billion project has problems. It says ships still continue to rub against the canals walls and wear out its
42、defenses designed to protect both shipping and the waterway.A dangerous systemThe canal links two oceans-the Atlantic and the Pacific-through a system of locks (船闸). The locks are like steps. They raise and lower ships from one part of the waterway to another on their trip from ocean to ocean.With t
43、he old locks, which are still in use, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep the ships in the center of the canal. In the new locks, the ships are tied to tugboats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. Th
44、ese boats then guide the ships through the canal.At first, pilots of the cargo ships and tugboat operators would sometimes try to rub the boats against the canal walls as a way to keep the ships straight. But this caused damage to rubber padding (垫料) lining the walls.Not enough trainingEven before t
45、he expanded canal opened in June 2016, tugboat operators had expressed concern about the new system. Many asked for more training. The fears and dangers remain, although the boats are going through.The Panama Canal Authority reports that, between June 2016 and January 2017, there were only 15 incide
46、nts that resulted in damage to locks or ships. - 9 -That represents about 2 percent of the 700 times ships that have sailed through the expanded canal.Pilots have argued they should be replaced with a system of floating bumpers (减震) like those used in some European locks. Officials say they plan to
47、continue operating with the current system of defenses, but changes could happen in the future.33. What is the difference between the new locks and the old ones?A. The old locks dont need rubber padding as defenses.B. The new locks need tugboats tied to both sides of the ships.C. The new locks are e
48、asier for the largest ships to pass through the canal.D. The old locks need powerful engines to drag the ships through the canal.【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段 With the old locks, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep the ships in the center of the canal. In the ne
49、w locks, the ships are tied to tugboats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. These boats then guide the ships through the canal.可知新锁更利于大船通过，操作更容易。故选 C。【答案】 C34. What is the Panama Canal Authoritys attitude towards the expanded canal?A. Cautious. B. Critical.C. Positive. D. Doubtful.【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest cargo ships (货船) could easily pass through the canal.倒数第二段 The Panama Canal Authority reports that,
