1、第八章-英译汉(二)翻译的技巧概述同位语从句的译法:前面的名词往往是一个表示某种概念的概括性名词,如view, hope ,belief, idea, order ,question, advise, suggestion。第一种,先把同位语从句前面的名词翻译成:“这样的观点、希望、信念、主意、命令、问题、建议等”,然后在该短语后使用冒号,接着再翻译同位语从句本身。He wants to spread the message that he is the best student of the class.他想传播这样一种信息:他是班里最好的学生。同位语从句的译法:第二种,在“观点、希望、信念
2、、主意、命令、问题、建议”等之后使用逗号,接下去用“即、也就是”,引出同位语所表达的信息。He proposed the suggestion that he should work closely with each other.他提出一个建议,即我们应该紧密合作。状语从句的译法:英语中状语从句用在主句后面的较多,而汉语的状语从句用在主句前面的较多,在翻译过程中,多将状语从句放在主句前面。I cannot work out the problem because it is too difficult.这道题太难了,我做不出来。翻译方法在英译汉中,常用的翻译方法有增译法、减译法、转换法、拆句
3、法、倒置法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。1.增译法。由于英语和汉语语言表达习惯不一致,因此翻译时要酌情添加一些词语。She majors in psychology and her brother in sociology.她主修心理学,他弟弟则主修社会学。2.减译法。英语中一些必要的、但没有实际意义的词翻译时应该去掉。It is said it is far between those two cities. (一些起关联、指代作用的连词、代词。)3.转换法在保证原文意思不变的情况下,有必要改变词性,即词性转换。We are in sympathy with your situation.我们
4、很同情你的处境(把介词短语转译成动词)。将词转换成短语或短句,以英文中的名词转换成中文短句居多。The students are still green.他们仍旧缺乏经验(形容词转译成动词短语)。4.拆句法又称分译或断句。把英语的一个复杂单句分成若干个简单句,或把一个复合句译成若干个简单句。一般在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,将长句切断。His anger did not make him neglectful of his promise.尽管他很生气,但他并没有忘记自己的诺言。5. 倒置法按照汉语表达习惯做语序颠倒。I know he is
5、 not happy, though he does not say anything.虽然他什么也没说,但是我知道他不开心。6.综合法根据具体情况,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、减译法、拆句法等多种方法。或按时间先后、逻辑顺序、顺逆结合、主次分明对全句进行综合处理,使原文翻译成通顺的汉语句子。People were afraid to leave their houses ,for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency ,they were just as confused and hel
6、pless as anyone else.尽管警察已接到命令,要做好准备以应付紧急情况,但人们不敢出门,因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。英语长句修饰语过多;并列成分多;语言结构层次多。Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep ,electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators .heating our water ,or keeping our rooms air -conditioned.(一个主句、三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成。)即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我们工作:帮我们运转冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。补充讲解合译法She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working.She is also good at solving problems.她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。(原文两句译成一句)模拟训练