1、被动语态,一:什么是语态? 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态.基本构成：助动词be+ 动词的过去分词,二:何时使用被动语态呢?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁. This bike is made in Shanghai.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者. Football is played all over the world3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in
2、 the world.4.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。 He was born in October，1989,.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。 It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 据说 It is said that 据报道 It is reported that人们相信 It is believed that,三：各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将
3、来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：,am/is /are +donewas/were + donecan/must/should be donewill+be doneam/is/are + being +donehave/has + been+ done,各种时态的例句： 1）一般现在时：The flowers are watered every day.2）一般过去时：The computer was invented in 1976.3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.,4）现在进行时：The question is being di
4、scussed in the meeting room.5）现在完成时：Many trees have been planted since 2005.7)情态动词：Homework must be handed in on time. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own decisions.,1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,
5、2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,3Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them)in ten
6、days.一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词,5.Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,6We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My ho
7、mework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词,1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误),四：语态转换时所注意的问题,2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般变间接宾语为主
8、语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.A gift was bought for me yesterday.,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take,
9、teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some
10、 country music was played for us.,3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。,The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. The old should be taken good care of. Teachers should be spoken to politely.,4.在感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, listen to, look at等,使役动词make, le
11、t, have 后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. They saw the girl watching TV.The girl was seen watching TV by them The boss made the boy work all day.The boy was made to work by the boss all day.
12、,五：主动结构表示被动意义的几种形式1.感官系动词：look,sound, feel, taste, smell The flowers look beautiful.2.be worth doing 值得做 The book is well worth reading.3.need, want , require(需要）+ doing = need, want, require to be done The table needs cleaning= The table needs to be cleaned.,4.有些动词当它们与well,badly, easily 等副词连用时，表示主语
13、内在品质或性质，是不及物动词，用主动表被动。常见的词有：write, sell, read, cook, washThe books sell well.This pen writes very smoothly.The clothes wash easily.,六. 不用被动语态的情况主动句的宾语是反身代词oneself 或 each other 时。 They help each other study English2.主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词。We will have a meeting.3.主动句的宾语是to do / doing . I want to go shoppi
14、ng.4.感官系动词无被动语态。,七.被动语态常见词组/句型:When was the car invented?Who was the TV invented by?What are they used for?Where is it made?What is it made ofFlowers should often be watered.Smoking isnt allowed here.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his home
15、work at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let havehear see notice,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often hea
16、rd to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I w
17、as made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .,We report,
