1、被动语态,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态),语态,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词(be + done),各种时态的被动语态的结构,主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在
2、单复数上保持一致。,by many students.,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,I.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,1.They play football on Sunday.2.Lucy does the homework in the evening.3.They often use computers in class.4.We make th
3、ese machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.3.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1. They bought a computer last term,by them last term.,II.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分词,last year.,2.We planted
4、many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was bought,5.They built the tall building last year.6.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.7.We cleaned our classroom just now.8.They used the rooms for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother wa
5、s taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,III.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drun
6、k,by you.,9.He can take care of the baby.10.Lucy may draw the pictures.11.You must turn off the lights.12.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,一般将来时的被动语态,W
7、ill+be+v-ed,1.We will plant trees tomorrow,2.Students will clean their rooms after class.,3.His mother will take him to play this week,4.Tom will give his brother a gift.,Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。,被动语态的用法,（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Its said / reported / + that 据说/据报道 Its reported t
8、hat it will rain tomorrow.据报道，明天会下雨。,（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 2. I bought him a book. He
9、 was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,give me a book,间,直,= give a book to me,直,间,to: pass, give, show, bring for: make, buy, draw,1.They take good care of my child. 2. I turned off the radio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。,-My child is taken good care of.,-The radio was turned of
10、f (by me).,即hear ,watch , see , make , let ,feel,口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。 make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.,He,is
11、 made,to work for 10 hours.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,4.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动,a boy called Tom 一个叫Tom的男孩 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书,5.过去分词做宾补，表示被动,get/make/have sth done 使某物被,make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我have my hair cut 使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头,1).有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own . 2).不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place
12、 . 3).系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste.The dish tastes good 4). 有些词组没有被动语态： sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well. 5).need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need to be done.,6.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,单选
13、题： 1Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 2. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you waitC. were you waiting D. do you wait,3. _ that he wants to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. It is said D. It s
14、ays 4. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived,5. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changedC. should change D. can be changed6 .The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is
15、 let to C. was let D. were let to,7. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard8. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,9. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happenedC. when it h
16、appened D. when it was happened,中考被动语态考题1. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.（改为被动语态） A Christmas present _ to me by my uncle last year. （2006重庆市）2. Students cant take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态） Magazines cant _ out of the reading-room by students.（2007重庆市）,3.More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now. （改为被动语态） Chinese by more and more foreigners in the world . (2008重庆市)4. More and more people speak Chinese in the world . （改为被动语态） Chinese by more and more people in the world . (2010重庆市),表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,
