1、EMS软件应用,Electron Microscope Image Simulation,EMS介绍,EMS EMS is a software package for electron diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in material science. It is developed by Pierre Stadelmann at the Centre Interd artemental de Microscopie Electronique of the Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Laus
2、anne.,EMS功能（1-11）,ac : calculates integral of wavefunction intensity (ALCHEMI). ad : adds (C), (F) or (R) images. aj : adjusts lattice parameters on two experimental diffraction patterns. an : computes the angle and length ratio of u,v,w and (h,k,l) vectors. ap : draws the beam amplitude and phase i
3、n the complex plane (Argand Plot). bd : draws the difference of amplitude and phase of two beams. bi : forms images with intensity profiles stored in .bea files. bp : draws the beam amplitude and phase as a function of specimen thickness bs : computes Bloch waves for a systematic row of beams. bu :
4、builds the crystal file. bz : computes Bloch waves for a zone axis.,EMS功能（12-22）,cb : calculates CBED and LACBED patterns with uncoherent illumination. cc : calculates CBED and LACBED patterns with coherent illumination. co : prints (I) images of super-cells and overprints the atom positions. cr : t
5、ransforms (C) images into their real and imaginary parts. cs : calculates the defocus and spherical aberration from diffractograms. cu : cuts very large (I) images into smaller (I) images. di : draws spot patterns for ZOLZ and HOLZ. ds : displays the crystal structures in perspective view or in proj
6、ection. fc : does fast CBED and LACBED pattern calculation coherent or uncoherent ill. fi : prints content of crystal files. ft : does a FFT on an (C) or (F) images.,EMS功能（23-36）,hl : draws HOLZ lines patterns. hr : does a complete HREM calculation given a crystal file. ic : calculates the minimum,
7、maximum, mean and variance of (R) images. im : does the HREM image calculation for partially coherent illumination. in : gives the indexing of spots patterns. ip : draws the power spectrum of (F) images. ki : gives the indexing of Kikuchi patterns. kp : draws Kikuchi patterns. la : calculates the la
8、ttice parameters of a primitive cell. li : calculates HREM images using the linear image formation theory. lo : takes the logarithm of (R) images. lr : lattice parameters refinement (Niggli analysis). ls : calculates the ratio of the size of HOLZ rings. lt : lists ems internal tables.,EMS功能（37-48）,v
9、g : calculates the structure factors. vo : does the multislice calculation for a void. sc : generates the POF and Fresnel propagator functions of super-cells. sd : displays the super-cells. se : creates semper compatible images of (R) ems images. sf : calculates the 2-beams extinction distances and
10、structure factors. si : shows images. sm : projects crystal into u,v,w direction and defines a new super-cell. st : draws stereograms. su : subtracts (C), (F) or (R) images. tf : draws the transfer function of the electron microscope. tm : calculates the thickness of a specimen (Kossel- Moellenstedt
11、 method).,EMS功能（49-60）,ng : adds random noise to (R) images. pa : does the multislice calculation for a small particle. tv : prepares (R) images for printing (co, pr) or display (tv). ut : does the unitary test of the multislice dynamical calculation method. wa : adds (R) images with a weight. we :
12、does the multislice calculation for a wedge shaped crystal. wi : calculates the image of wavefunctions. wk : does the complete HREM images calculation of super-cells. zg : gives the geometry of zone axis patterns. me : displays ems menu. mi : transforms images into images that can be read by Mathema
13、tica. mo : calculates model (C) and (F) images.,EMS功能（ 61-72 ）,mp : makes PostScript, gif and tif maps of double sequences of images. ms : does the multislice iteration. mu : multiplies two or more (C), (F) or (R) images. pf : draws profiles accross images. pg : generates the POF and Fresnel propaga
14、tor functions. pi : gives the information block of (C), (F), (I), (R) images. pl : list (C), (F), (I) or (R) images by blocks of 6 by 6 pixels. po : calculates the power spectrum of (F) images. pp : draws electron powder patterns. pr : print (I) images on a Postscript laser printer. pw : displays to
15、gether two or more (I) images. rw : reduces the size of (F) images.,网站与操作http:/cimesg1.epfl.ch/CIOL/ems.html：,EMS EMS is a software package for electron diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in material science. It is developed by Pierre Stadelmann at the Centre Interd閜artemental de Microsc
16、opie Electronique of the Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne. You can consult here the list of the available functions in EMS, as well as their help files. EMS OnLine EMS is not free. However, you can access it for free with EMS On Line, which is a partial implementation of EMS on the World Wide
17、Web. In addition you have access to a reduced version of CUFOUR, developed by Robin Schublin, which allows to simulate CTEM dislocations images. This interface is developed by Pierre-Henri Jouneau, now working at the Institut National des Sciences Appliques de Lyon. Just click on the RUN button on t
18、he top image. Image Calculation Techniques A tutorial lecture given by Pierre Stadelmann at the Arizona State University. Exist also in Postscript file, size A4 or LetterUS.,选择晶体,A Crystal A Crystal,Your Own Crystal :,system.,Define the symmetry operators with the Regular Point System code.,选择空间群、写入
19、原子坐标,Crystal name:,(Cubic),Lattice parameters nm: a,Space group,Atom positions,选择分析功能,Draw the crystal in perspective view or in projection. Draws stereographic projections. List (h,k,l) distances, structure factors and extinction distances. Draw the microscope contrast transfer function, with (h,k,
20、l) crystal planes. Draw kinematical, dynamical, or powder electron diffraction patterns. Draw the beam amplitude and phase as a function of specimen thickness. Do autoindexing of diffraction patterns. Draw Kikuchi patterns. Draw High Order Laue Zone line patterns. Draw HREM image maps of the crystal
21、 (Bloch wave calculation). Do CTEM dislocation images with CUFOUR (reduced version!). Save this crystal in the user library.,选择衍射参数,Crystal name: Fe - Iron - Crystal system:Cubic. Select the diffraction parameters: u,v,w indices of zone axis: Tilted case: give (h,k,l) indices of the center of the La
22、ue circle: Acceleration voltage (kV): Camera length (mm): Options : Set a minimum value for Vhkl (V) : Options : Plot the Kikuchi lines of High Order Laue zones. Plot the (h,k,l) diffracted beams and their indices, with big disks. Plot HOLZ disks.,菊池线,高分辨模拟参数选择,Crystal name: Fe - Iron - Crystal syst
23、em: Cubic. u,v,w indices of the zone axis: Tilted case: give (h,k,l) indices of the center of the Laue circle: Minimum number of beams for the Bloch waves calculation up to 512: Maximum Laue zone to include in the calculation: Add a legend to the map, Add random noise to simulate dithering. Microsco
24、pe characteristics: Select values for acceleration voltage (kV), Cs (mm),the spread of focus (nm), and the beam semi-convergence (mrad). or select values for a microscope in the following list: Hitachi HF 2000 FEG (200 kV, Cs=1.15 mm, df=5.1 nm, sc=0.25 mrad) Philips EM 430 (300 kV, Cs=1.15 mm, df=1
25、1.2 nm, sc=1 mrad) JEOL 4000 EX (400 kV, Cs=1.06 mm, df=9 nm, sc=0.72 mrad),高分辨模拟参数选择,Imaging parameters: Defocus (+ for underfocus): starting from nm, with steps of nm. Thickness: ranging from nm to nm, with thickness step(s). objective aperture diameter (nm-1): (keep empty for no aperture).,高分辨象,粉末衍射图,衍射花样,
