1、最新 高中英语阅读理解试题( 有答案和解析 )一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air poll
2、ution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of
3、pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide ( 二氧化硫 ).Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a persons education level by about one year.Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64
4、 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.“ The older persons theyare more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.He noted that the youngest people in the study wer
5、e 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from Chinas 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution o
6、n verbal ability is even more serious aspeople age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humanswill face a bad situation.（ 1） What is the result of the study?（ 2） What did
7、 Chen say about the study?（ 3） What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?A.The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.B.The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.C.The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.D.Air pollutions influence on verbal ability i
8、s less serious as people age.（ 4） Where is the text most likely taken from?A.A life diary. B.A guidebook.C.A science magazine.D.A biography.【答案】 （ 1） A（ 2） D（ 3） B（ 4） C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语言和数学两个方面影响一个人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Theresearchers reportedth
9、at long -term exposure toair pollution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.可知，研究”人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选A。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Inhis words, the data and facts are convincingand thisrange ofages and locationsacross thecountrypr
10、ovideda real,objectiveandrepresentativesample. 可”知，用 Xi Chen 的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即项研究说的是 “研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选 D。Xi Chen对这（ 3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段 “ The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among
11、 men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, shouldfocus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.可知，研究人员指出”，随着人们年龄的增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一
12、段中研究人员强调了全世界应该注意空气污染。故选B。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第一段 “ Anew study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States. 可知，本文的话”题是研究表明空气污染会大大降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员
13、参与的项目。因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解Our Museums, Galleries, and Zoo19 world-class museums, galleries, and a zooThe Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in t
14、he greater National Capital Area. In New York City, we invite you to tour two museums in historic settings.Not near a Smithsonian museum? Look for exhibitions and museums in your community. Herewe have listed some places to visit:Tips & Guidelines:Stop at any Smithsonian museum informationdesk where
15、 friendly and knowledgeable staffand volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.Service animals are welcome at the museums and the National Zoo. Pets are not permitted.Lunches should be properly closed or stored in lockers during your visit.（1） he Smithsonian offers all these EXCEPT.A. galleri
16、esB. concertsC. museumsD. zoos（2） If you are interested in animals, you can.A. go to 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DCB. go to 8th and F Streets, NW Washington, DCC. visit the museum 11 a.m. on ChristmasD. visit the zoo at weekends on June 25（3） To arrange your visit better, you can.A. hav
17、e lunch during your visitB. take your pets along with youC. ask the staff and volunteers for helpD. fill in an application form before your visit【答案】 （ 1） B（2） D（3） C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了史密森尼博物馆相关的信息以及游玩建议。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and gallerieson the National Mall an
18、d six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National CapitalArea”可知史密森尼博物馆（Smithsonian ）在国家广场（NationalMall ）上设有11 个博物馆和美术馆，在较大的国家首都辖区有6 个博物馆和国家动物园（NationalZoo）。没有提供音乐会。故选B。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据NationalZoo 所在的表格可知国家动物园的开放时间为三月号到九月，每天的上午九点到下午六点；十月到来年的三月14 号是每天上午九点到下午四点， 12 月25 号不开。所以如果对动物感兴趣，游客可以在
19、六月25 号去游玩。故选D。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“ Stopat any Smithsonianmuseuminformationdesk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.可知史密森尼博物馆的信息问讯处有友好的并且知识渊博的员工及志愿者，他们可以帮助你为参观做计划。所以如果你想更好的参观这里，可以寻求职工和志愿者的帮助，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，
20、从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronicdevices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this
21、time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lotof pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的 )thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.So, i
22、t is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tiredbrain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to natur
23、e for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate S
24、omers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a regenerative“” experience.At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure tonature. He found that spending short amounts
25、 of time in nature without technology does calmthe brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact withnature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days innature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully r
26、elax and reset itself.（ 1） What is David Strayers opinion?（ 2） Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?A. To try another lifestyle.B. To refresh our brain.C. To make better decisions.D. To play with our family and friends.（3） What does the underlined word“regenerative” mean?A. RebornB. MemorableC. Re
27、markableD. Tiring（ 4） Which is the proper title for the passage?A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain. C. Tips on Using New Technologies. 【答案】 （ 1） CB. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.（2） B（3） A（4） D【解析】 【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。
28、（ 1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the newsand look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。（ 2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature ,Strayer claims , he
29、lps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。（ 3）词义猜测题。根据前文 Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. 可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的
30、工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。（ 4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解The Womens Instituteis urging supermarkets to do more to he
31、lp consumers reduce theirhome food waste, after a survey of its own membership showed widespread confusion about“ best before” and“ use by 标”签labeling()onpackaging.Its new analysis of products on supermarket shelves found that “ once-opened ”instructionswere often contradictory and often failed to m
32、ake clear whether they were a guide to food safety or quality. Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety.In its rep ort on food waste, the
33、 WI said supermarkets were“ potentially contributing to homefood waste by leading customers to buy more food than they need, and giving conflicting andconfusing on-pack information that leaves customers unsure about how long a product remainssafe to eat in the home setting”The. 42-page report is par
34、t of the WIs ongoing campaign toreduce food waste. To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用 ) a can ofSainsburys own-brand sweetcorn advising consumers to eat it within one day of opening, while a similar tin from Waitrose gave consumers two days to finish it. Green Giant sw
35、eetcorn, however, has no specified date for eating once opened.Marylyn Haines Evans, chair of the Womens Institutes public affairs said:“ WI members aresome of the more informedmembers of society about food and cookery, but they are stillconfused about food labelling and once-opened information. So
36、we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent, and completely remove once-opened instructions on products where food safety is not an issue.”（ 1） What mainly
37、leads to food waste according to WI?A. Poor quality of food.B. Attractive packaging of products.C. Competition among supermarkets.D. Consumers confusion about on-pack information.（ 2） Which of the following can inform you of food safety?A.B.C.D.（ 3） Why are the three supermarkets mentioned in Paragr
38、aph 3?A. To attract more consumers.B. To compare their products.C. To comment on their service.D. To make WIs report convincing.（4） What does Evans suggest supermarkets do about reducing food waste?A. Extend life of a product.C. Give consistent once-opened instructions.【答案】 （ 1） D（ 2） C（ 3） D（ 4） CB
39、. Turn to well-informed WI members.D. Remove instructions on product packaging.【解析】 【分析】本文主要讲述了妇女机构强烈建议超市采取帮助消费者减少食物浪费的措施，比如延长消费者在家中使用产品的时间，使他们所有曾经打开的关于产品包装的说明一致。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第二段 Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood thatbest-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not unde
40、rstand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety. 可知，消费者对于食品包装上信息的混淆是导致食物浪费的原因。故选D。（ 2）细节理解题。根据第二段 while 26% did not understand that the more important use-bydates were a decisive guide to food safety. 可知， use by 信息才是食品安全的决定性指导因素。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段To underline the poi
41、nt about conflicting information, it cites(引用 ) a can of Sainsburys own-brand sweetcorn 可知，引用超市的例子是为了更好的说明这一问题，即使文章更具说服力。故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段 we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of timethat consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on p
42、roduct packaging consistent, 可知，为了减少食物浪费，超市可通过使包装带上的信息一致来达到这一目的。故选C。5阅读理解Assistant Professor in Musical Theatre DanceWichita State University seeks a full-time, 9-month assistant professor, beginning in August. Applicants are required to have a degree in dance area, teaching experience at a professi
43、onal or college level, ability to direct and teach stage movement. The salary depends on qualificationsand experience.For complete information, visit http:/finearts. wichita. eduFull Professor in Theatre and DanceThe Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of California at San Diego(http:/ww
44、wtheatre. uscd. edu) is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design. Applicants mustwork for us for at least one year. Significant professional experience is required. This position isexpected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels.A review of applications will start on June
45、 1st. Application deadline: September 1st.Technical Director in Performing and Fine ArtsDeSales Universitys Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled, professionaltechnical director. The position is a 10-monthstaff positionwith the possibilityof summeremploymentwith the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. Professional experience is required;MFA is preferred.Please email materials to john.belldesales.edu. Screening of applications begins immediately and wi
