1、 日 期：2015层 次： C 科 目：初中英语授课类型 ：复习课授课时段： B 课 题Unit 1 Helping those in need 教学目标掌握本单元的重点词汇和语法考点及考试要求会运用动词不定式，常在单项选择题中出现教 学 内 容 Unit 1 Helping those in need 一、重点词汇：1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加 第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise ones voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款； raise pr
2、ice 提高价格；raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如： raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如： The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
3、The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动） The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节） 2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准 Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。 同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许 The guards p
4、ermitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 3. disabled adj. 有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用 I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。 同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。 enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 The new test should enab
5、le doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。 搭配：offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物 They have offered me a large sum
6、 of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析：provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 Somehow sh
7、e managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。 5. illness n. （某种）病 The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst） 辨析：ill, sick的区别： ill
8、和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如： She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。 sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如
9、： He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。 6. organize v. 组织 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。 同根词：organization n. 组织；机构；团体 What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ 7. express v. 表达；表露 This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。 同根词：expres
10、sion n. 表现，表示，表达；表情 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。 8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest） It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。 辨析：lonely, alone的区别： alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。 lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓
11、的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独；独自 She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。 The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doest feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。1. friendship n. 友情；友谊 同根词：frie
12、nd n. 朋友 复数：friends. I had a long talk about this with my best friend. friendly adj. 友好的 Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。 friendliness n. 友善 She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。 2. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲 T
13、he country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。 同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做有困难 I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境
14、困难 The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。 3. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦 I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。 同根词：joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。 搭配：to ones joy 令人高兴的是，使某
15、人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university. 4. peace n. 平静；宁静 the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 One more question and Ill leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。 同根词：peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的 Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。 5. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤 Tim
16、hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。 同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。 搭配：hurt oneself 受伤 Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？ 6. courage n. 勇气；勇敢 He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。 同根词：encourage v. 鼓
17、励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。 搭配：take ones courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。 courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量 7. pay v. 付款；偿还 We paid 35 for each
18、ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。 同根词：pay n. 工资；薪水；报答 They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。 搭配：pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为付款 辨析：spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别： take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： (1)spend time/mo
19、ney on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例如： I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如： They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如： A new computer costs a lot of m
20、oney. (2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如： Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种： (1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如： It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. + 时间，做某事花了某人多少
21、时间。例如： Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 （3）cost 某物价值多少元 The book costs 2 yuan. 那本书2元钱 pay的基本用法是： (1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买 例如： I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱 例如： I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款
22、。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如： Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。 (5)pay money back 还钱 例如： May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. (6)pay off ones money 还清钱。 语法知识点：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主
23、语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. To learn English well is important to us.2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some t
24、ime +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. 3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him. 二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如：1.The best way to improve your Eng
25、lish is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. 注意：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Our work is serving the people.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would
26、like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on wh
27、at to do in lots of different situations. 注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。四、用作定语 1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：1)I have so many things to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 五、用作补语动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作
28、补语的动词主要有：要求、允许、提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3) Email English is supposed to
29、be used on mobile phones.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间
30、接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：1)They can help you to compare two different products.2)Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作状语 1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1)Cindy used a brush to paint a picture of a park.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.2.结果状语，多
31、见于“too.to”(太以致不能)，“enough to.”结构句中。如：1)Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do? 2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.十、后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的1、stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。2、forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)3、remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) rememb
32、er doing 记得做过某事(已做)4、regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)5、cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。6、try to do 努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。7、go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。8、mean to do打算、想 mean doing意味着精编例题讲练一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every
33、 day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. Learning二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D.
34、taking 3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chines
35、e food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing 2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 3. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled 【典型考
36、题】1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home.A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect
37、 the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote5. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel6. It took her half an
38、 hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday. A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. getting to复习题词汇运用( ) 1. What should we do to raise money for them? A. remain B. get C. collect( ) 2. I enjoy reading because it gives me knowledge and brings me joy . A. sadness B. happinessC. excitement( ) 3. The little g
39、irl has difficultly dressing herself . A. trouble B. abilityC. method( ) 4. The death of her son brought her great pain . A. fun B. troubleC. sadness( ). 5. _ mean feelings in the mind. A. Spirits B. promisesC. Abilities( ) 6. Something _ means it is in a very bad situation（处境） A. comfortable B. ser
40、iousC. practical( ) 7. Someone that is _ is experiencing pain or something unhappy. A. developing B. improvingC. suffering( ) 8. Two companies have raised $60,000 to _ a campaign to help the poor children in mountain areas. A. provide B. organizeC. manage( ) 9. The old couple always feel _ because -
41、their children dont live with them. A. lonely B. afraidC. happy( ) 10. His parents _ him a very good job,.but he turned it down. A. held B. sentC. offered 完形填空： A Once(从前)there was a king. He was very rich(富有)and_1_ great power(权力). But he wasnt happy. He was _2_ .It made him feel sad all the time.
42、No doctor knew _3_ was wrong with him. One day one of them _4_ him, “After much thought and study, I have found out that there is only one way for you to get_ 5_ .You must wear the shirt of a happy man. ”So the king sent(派)his men to every part of his land_ 6_ a happy man. First, they visited the ri
43、ch and powerful(有权势的人). They asked these people if(是否)they were happy, _7_each of them answered that they didnt know _8_real happiness meant(意味). One day, one of the kings men met a woodcutter. “Are you happy? ”asked the kings men. “As happy as the day is long, ”answered the woodcutter. “Oh, good! ”
44、said the man, “_ 9_me your shirt. ”“Why? ”said the woodcutter, “I havent got _10_.” BMany children act in TV shows. They work several 1 _ every day. So they cant go to regular( 正规的) 2 . How do they get their schooling?In Hollywood, about forty teachers give 3 _ for the children. Their work is very important. They make 4 that the child 5 many different subjects. They make sure6 that the child gets enough rest and 7 .Children in Holleywood
