1、高考英语讲座五：发言稿类写作第一节 发言稿类写作概述发言稿类书面表达也是高考书面表达常见类型之一。发言稿是生活中一种常见的应用文体，发言稿一般由称呼语、正文和结束语三部分组成。 发言稿的开头和结尾一般有固定的格式。高考试题在命题形式上侧重于考查发言稿正文的写法。下面举例说明。如2010年高考四川卷英语书面表达：假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。1.过去对成年的向往；2.现在的感受和认识；3.将来的目标及措施。参考词汇：责任 responsibility注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3.发言稿的开头与结束语已
2、为你写好（不计入总词数）Good morning，everyone！The topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown-up”. Thank you for listening.参考范文Good morning, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up.”As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I cou
3、ld have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now Im a grown-up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibilities. I hope to do more for my parents and society in th
4、e future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.Thank you for your listening.再如2010年高考江苏卷英语书面表达：假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”，请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。自己英语学习的情况1.英语学习的目的2.
5、英语学习的方法3.课外自学的途径.对学校英语教学的建议（请考生根据自己的经历与感想，提出两至三点建议）。 注意： 1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2.词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计人总词数。 3.文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。Dear teacher and schoolmates, Its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you._ Thank you for listening.参考范文Dear teacher
6、 and schoolmates, Its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. Im interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally, its very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows vocabulary is an important part of
7、 language, just like bricks in a building. I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. After classI often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides, Ive learned a lot from the Internet and other sources.Now, Id like to make some suggestions on En
8、glish teaching and learning in our school. Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what weve learned in order to have a better grasp of it. Secondly, I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them. Finally，1 suggest we hav
9、e more English activities，such as English contests and festivals.Thank you for listening.欢迎词和欢送词也是常见的发言稿内容。例如下面这篇书面表达：假如你叫李明，你的同学汤姆一年前随父母来中国，现在要回国了，请你代表全班同学起草一篇欢送辞，内容包括：1在中国逗留期间，你们的经历；2一年以来汤姆对你们英语学习的影响；3你们的希望。注意：1词数不少于120个词。2文章应包括所有要点。Dear friends,_参考范文:Dear friends,Today we are having a party in ho
10、nor of our close friend, Tom, who is returning to his own country with his parents. How time flies! It has been one years since he came to our school. During this period, we have helped each other, thus having become good friends. Whats more, due to his help and encouragement, many of us have become
11、 more interested in English and have made great progress in it.We all hope that when he returns to his homeland, he will get in touch with us as often as possible. We also hope that he will come to China again some day. Good luck, Tom. And good luck to your family. May you have a pleasant trip home!
12、 Thank you.下面的书面表达是一篇告别演讲。假设你将作为新华中学高三毕业生代表，请根据以下要点在毕业晚会上用英文作一个告别演讲:1. 感谢家人，朋友和老师。特别举例感谢某个老师（不用真名，一律使用Mr. Zheng），并写出原因。2. 回顾高中三年的生活。列举出你印象深刻的活动。 3. 展望未来。注意：开头与结尾已经给出，所写部分120字左右。Dear teachers, families and graduates, welcome and thank you for joining us tonight at Xnhua High School graduation ceremon
13、y for the Class of 2010! _Finally, best wishes to the Class of 2010. Thank you very much. 参考范文Dear teachers, families and graduates, welcome and thank you for joining us tonight at Xinhua High School graduation ceremony for the Class of 2010!First, let me thank all our families and friends for their
14、 love and support on behalf of the graduates. I also want to thank our diligent teachers for guiding us through to this moment. My personal thanks to Mr Zheng, you got me through Math when I had given up hope.Graduation is a time to go over enjoyable memories which have been made over the past three
15、 years. Many events become so vivid in my mind at this moment, military training, soccer and basketball games. However, graduation is also a time to look forward to the future in front of us. No matter what you plan next, I hope you can go about it positively. Each of you will create your own unique
16、 path. Lets remember the saying “attitude determines altitude”. Please always keep a smile on your face. Finally, best wishes to the Class of 2010. Thank you very much.下面探讨发言稿类书面表达的要点处理。第二节 发言稿类写作要点处理发言稿语言要简洁明快，发言时因为要直接面对听众，所以发言稿的特定形式决定了其语言的口语性强，因此要适量使用复杂句型，换句话说，句子结构太复杂，听众难以理解，多用简单句。话说的要准确、易懂，最好运用大众
17、语言。所以我们在组织句子时要注意“三多一少”即简单句式多，祈使句多、情态动词多。现在我们举例讨论发言稿类书面表达的基本要点处理。 例如2010年湖南卷英语书面表达：假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下：1简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动：2谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。 注意： 1词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名下面对这篇书面表达的要点进行梳理。首先，背景要点1：和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部；背景要点2：开展了为期两个月的活动。整理好背景要点，自然而然的进入到主体要点的讨
18、论。这篇书面表达主体要点内容开放，考生有很大的发挥空间。主体要点1：俱乐部开展的一项活动；主体要点2：我们的收获。下面表达上述两类要点。背景要点1：和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部。可以表达为：It is two months since we set up the English club. 或者：Two months ago, some classmates and I set up the English club. 背景要点2：开展了为期两个月的活动。可以表达为：We have held some activities so far. 或者：We have arranged some a
19、ctivities in the past two months.主体要点1：俱乐部开展的一项活动。可以表达为：One of the activities is the English corner. 主体要点2：我们的收获。这个要点需要围绕上面所说的活动展开描述，一定要合情合理。可以这样表达：Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.合并上面两类要点，可以得到下面两篇初稿。第一篇：It is two months since we set up
20、the English club. We have held some activities so far.One of the activities is the English corner. Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.第二篇：Two months ago, some classmates and I set up the English club. We have arranged some activities in the
21、 past two months.One of the activities is the English corner. Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.再以2009年高考安徽卷英语书面表达为例：假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。演讲稿的主要内容应包括：认为同学们不必为此苦恼；希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；建议与父母进行交流和沟通。注意：1. 词数100左右；2.
22、 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Good morning, ladies and gentleman. Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. Thank you!现在对这篇书面表达的两类要点进行处理，根据所给开头，很容易确定背景要点：有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包。主体要点很明确，有三个。主体要点1：认为同学们不必为此苦恼；主体要点2：希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；主体要点3：
23、建议与父母进行交流和沟通。这里只需要处理三个主体要点。主体要点1：认为同学们不必为此苦恼。可以表达为：There is no need to feel too sad. 或者。We dont have to feel too annoyed.主体要点2：希望能够体谅父母的苦衷。可以表达为：Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure were not getting into any trouble. 或者：Our parents check our bags or diaries, hoping to give us mo
24、re help in our life.主体要点3：建议与父母进行交流和沟通。可以表达为：My suggestion is we find time to stay and communicate with them from time to time.合并上面要点，可以得到下面两篇初稿。第一篇：There is no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure were not getting into any trouble. My suggestion is we find
25、 time to stay and communicate with them from time to time.第二篇：We dont have to feel too annoyed. Our parents check our bags or diaries, hoping to give us more help in our life. My suggestion is we find time to stay and communicate with them from time to time.下面再以一篇开幕词为例。2009年高考天津卷英语书面表达：假设你是晨光中学的学生会主
26、席李华。学生会将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“The English Novel I Like Best”。作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕时发言，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。1. 说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等；2. 说明比赛的注意事项，如每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确等；3. 预祝比赛圆满成功。注意：1. 词数：不少于100词；2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to this years Engli
27、sh speech competition._Thank you对这篇书面表达的要点进行处理。背景要点：演讲比赛马上开始。这个要点已经给出。主体要点很明确。主体要点1：比赛有帮助，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯；主体要点2：比赛要求每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确；主体要点3：预祝比赛取得成功。下面表达上述要点。主体要点1：比赛有帮助，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯。可以表达为：Attending such activity is really meaningful. Its good for us to improve our speaking and listening s
28、kills and helps us form the good habit of reading. 或者这样表达：The speech competition is very helpful. By attending such activity, well improve our speaking and listening. Well also develop the good habit of reading.主体要点2：比赛要求每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确。可以表达为：Make sure to limit your speech to 5 minutes. Fluent
29、English and correct pronunciation are expected. 或者表达为：Remember: finish your speech within 5 minutes. And we expect to hear fluent English and correct pronunciation.主体要点3：预祝比赛取得成功。可以表达为：Lets hope the competition will be a great success. 或者表达为：I wish the competition a success.合并上面要点可以得到下面两篇初稿。第一篇：Atte
30、nding such activity is really meaningful. Its good for us to improve our speaking and listening skills and helps us form the good habit of reading. Make sure to limit your speech to 5 minutes. Fluent English and correct pronunciation are expected. Lets hope the competition will be a great success. 第
31、二篇：The speech competition is very helpful. By attending such activity, well improve our speaking and listening. Well also develop the good habit of reading. Remember: finish your speech within 5 minutes. And we expect to hear fluent English and correct pronunciation. I wish the competition a success
32、.通过上面的例子，不难看出，发言稿类书面表达的要点提供的方式与话题类书面表达类似，即往往以短文形式、要点提纲形式或者表格形式给出提示。下面一节探讨发言稿类书面表达要点的细节添加技巧。第三节：发言稿类写作细节增添技巧 我们说过，发言稿一般由称呼语、正文和结束语三部分组成。 发言稿的开头和结尾一般有固定的格式。所以如果遇到没有格式内容，或者格式内容不全的发言稿类的书面表达，要注意添加格式信息。常见开头：Dear friends，I am very glad to give a speech here.Dear friends，it is a great honor for me to speak
33、here to welcome our guests.Good morning, boys and girls!Good afternoon, everyone!Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen!常见结尾： Thats all .Thank you. Thank you for listening. 如果是欢迎词，欢送词，开幕词，闭幕词，结尾往往要表示欢迎、祝愿或者感谢 发言稿的格式内容也比较固定，考生只要在日常注意积累，不难掌握。 发言稿类的信息添加主要还是体现在围绕一些主体要点，进行适量适宜添加。下面仍以上面的例子展示信息添加技巧。 2010年湖南卷英语
34、书面表达：假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要 内容如下：1简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动：2谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。 注意： 1词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名通过整理两类要点，进行表达，已经得到下面两篇初稿。第一篇： It is two months since we set up the English club. We have held some activities so far.One of the activities is the English corn
35、er. Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.第二篇：Two months ago, some classmates and I set up the English club. We have arranged some activities in the past two months.One of the activities is the English corner. Students have made a lot of progr
36、ess in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.通过对这两篇初稿进行两类细节添加，可以得到下面两篇定稿。所添加细节用黑斜体，下划波浪线标注。第一篇如下：Hello, everybody, Thank you for coming to exchange our opinions.It is two months since we set up the English club. We have held some activities so far, which are interesting and successf
37、ul. A lot of students have taken part in these activities and had a good time.One of the activities is the English corner. Every Friday after school, many students come to the large classroom where the English corner is held. There, we carry out dialogues in pairs, discuss topics that we are interes
38、ted in, and make public speeches. Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.Students have benefited a lot from these activities. As organizers, we are really proud. I hope more and more students come and enjoy these activities.Thank you!这篇习作文章要点完整
39、、思路清晰、选词准确，格式规范，信息添加合理适度。众多的精彩句型和表达使整篇文章文笔生动，总词数136词，整体上是一篇佳作。再看第二篇：Good morning, dear students, It is a great honor to stand here and share experience with you.Two months ago, some classmates and I set up the English club in order to help students study English. We have arranged some activities in
40、the past two months. Im glad to see that the activities turned out to be very successful and were welcomed by students.One of the activities is the English corner. Every Sunday afternoon after students come back to school, many students come to take part in the English corner. There, we speak Englis
41、h freely and talk about topics that we are interested in. Students have made a lot of progress in their oral English. We have also made many new friends.Students have benefited a lot from these activities. I hope more and more students come and enjoy these activities.Thank you!这篇作文总词数143词，作者能够严格按照提示
42、要点和题目要求进行习作。发言稿格式完整，语言流畅，内容充实，选取的事例可信，一气呵成，是一篇亮点荟萃的中学生佳作。再以2009年高考安徽卷英语书面表达为例：假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。演讲稿的主要内容应包括：认为同学们不必为此苦恼；希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；建议与父母进行交流和沟通。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Good morning, ladies and gentleman. Some of us are having prob
43、lems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. _ Thank you!通过对这篇书面表达的两类要点进行处理，已经得到下面两篇初稿。第一篇：There is no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure were not getting into any trouble. My suggestion is we find time to stay and c
44、ommunicate with them from time to time.第二篇：We dont have to feel too annoyed. Our parents check our bags or diaries, hoping to give us more help in our life. My suggestion is we find time to stay and communicate with them from time to time.通过对两篇初稿进行细节添加，可以得到下面两篇定稿。已给内容用黑体下划横线标注。Good morning, ladies a
45、nd gentleman. Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries.In my opinion, there is no need to feel too sad. Although we should have our own space and secrets, we must understand our parents. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries
46、to make sure were not getting into any trouble. However, many students fail to understand them. As a result, they often become so angry that they have a bad relationship with their parents. My suggestion is we find time to stay and communicate with them from time to time. Thus, they will know what we are doing and will not look into our bags or read our diaries. We must know that our parents love us and want to help us. Do you agree with me?Thank you!这篇作文不包括所给开头和结
