1、,高中英语写作讲座,高考英语写作题型特点,一、近10年全国卷高考写作形式和内容：1996：说明文（简历）-文字表格提示-自我介绍1997：记叙文-组图和文字提示-违反交规被罚 经历1998：记叙文（日记）-组图加文字提示-参观农场经历1999：说明文（书信）-图片加文字提示-学校今昔变化2000：记叙文（报道）-图片加文字提示-交通事故目击报告2001：说明文（书信）-表格加文字提示-减负带来的变化,2002：说明文（书信）-表格加文字提示-公元是否该收门票的讨论2003：说明文（书信）-图片加文字提示-介绍所租房屋的情况2004：记叙文（书信）-文字提纲式提示-关于参加外国人“学中文，唱中文
2、歌”才艺大赛情况2005：夹叙夹议-表格加文字提示-对考试作弊的看法2006：记叙文（书信）-图片加文字提示-介绍学校图书馆基本情况,二、近10年全国卷高考写作特点概括：1、紧扣教学大纲：2000大纲要求高三学生：能写简单的书信、便条和通知；填写简单的个人履历表；能根据提示，在30分钟内写80-100字左右的短文，意思表达正确，基本语法和常用句型无严重错误。2003七级要求：能用文字及图表提供信息进行简单描述；能写出常见体裁的应用文，如：信函和一般通知等；能描述人物和事件，并进行简单的评论；能填写有关个人情况的表格，如：申请表等；能根据课文改编短剧。,2、突出试题交际性：在未来的书面表达题中，
3、交际性大方向不会变，写作任务情景真实。3、试题实用性强：主要取材于日常生活和一般外事活动，与学生的学习和生活密切相关。从文体看，前阶段以记叙和说明为主；后阶段以说明和夹叙夹议相结合为主。可见，说明应用类写作一直是高考考查重点，反映高考注重实用特征。,4、图表作文受青睐：上列11年中有10年是图表提示。直观有趣，有利于考出真实水平发挥，避免纯文字提示造成的逐句翻译。,高考写作评分标准,1、评分原则总分25分，按5个档次给分；先根据文章内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后按档次要求衡量给分；少于80或多于120，减去2分；评分重点：要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量、准确性和上下文连贯性；拼写和标点符号视
4、其对交际影响程度考虑；书写较差，影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。,2、各档次给分范围和要求第一档（2125）完全完成试题规定的任务。 -覆盖所有内容要点； -应用了较多的语法和词汇； -语法结构和词汇有些许错误，但为尽量使用复杂结构和较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言应用能力； -有效的使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。,比较下面两段文字,1：I got up very early this morning. I went to visit a farm with my classmates. We walked to the farm. The workers we
5、lcomed us at the gate and we went to many places. They were very beautiful. And then we had a picnic lunch. We were dancing and singing in the party. Finally we said goodbye to the farmers there.,2:I got up very early this morning because I would pay a visit to a farm with my classmates. After about
6、 twenty minutes walk, we arrived at the farm, where some workers gave us a warm welcome. Then they showed us around the farm so that we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and the harvest there. At noon, we had a picnic lunch and after that we held a party, singing and dancing happily. When the sun set ,
7、we said goodbye to the workers. This visit really left me a beautiful memory.,高分作文策略,1、结构清新合理：一篇好的书面表达要有合理的段落层次，让人感觉条理清新，易得高分。每一段落要有一个主题句和几个支撑句。一般文章有三段：主题段提出问题或论点；发展段围绕主题讨论、论据或列举；结尾段得出结论，即论证。,2、用词准确得体：我们常常提到“亮点词汇”，这不等于使用频率较低的偏词、怪词或大词；而是要使用生动具体形象的词汇，关键是要准确得体。如：The Musuem is very beautiful中的beautiful很
8、抽象；改为The Musuem is magnificent就更形象具体； 说The job is very difficult to do不如说The job is very challenging. 词汇彰显深厚的语言功底。要注意阅读中留心积累富有表达力的词汇。,I decided I would pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature.I read all the books I could find that threw ligh
9、t upon these matters.Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers.Even though the altitude of the city is not enough to guarantee snow, the good weather and breath-taking scenery make it a world-class ski resort.,3、语句简洁流畅：“简洁流畅”不等于句子简单呆板，无变化，而是指意思表达清楚，语言地道精练，读起来通畅上口。高考书面表达要求100词左右
10、，所以不能说废话、说糊话；每句话都必须精练。例如：,Li Hua is a student. He comes from Wuhan. He speaks Wuhan dialect. We find it hard to understand. 这段话看似简洁，其实很呆板。可以修改如下：Li Hua , a student from Wuhan, speaks Wuhan dialect, which we find hard to understand. 修改后的句子，除了简洁流畅，更加地道精练，句中既有同位语，又有非限定性定语从句，表达灵活，富有变化，体现了良好的语言表达技巧。,4、逻辑
11、衔接自然：为了使文章结构紧凑，自然流畅，段落之间要使用适当的过度语；句子之间要使用合理的逻辑衔接词。如：It was very noisy, I could hardly go to sleep.这句话可以修改为：It was so noisy that I could hardly go to sleep / I could hardly go to sleep because it was very noisy / As a result of the noise, I could hardly go to sleep / Wirh so much noise, I could hardl
12、y go to sleep 等等。,5、表达灵活多变：一篇好的文章，要尽可能使用较多的词语和句式结构，如：定语从句、插入语、倒装句、强调句、被动结构和其他常见句型。如：Many people believe that we should keep our own tradition可以换成It is widely believed that we should keep our own tradition.,We know very little about the accident 可改进为Very little is known about the accident.This is the
13、 best hotel you can find here可以改为You cant find a better hotel here或Nowhere else can you find a better hotel.We can solve the problem only when everybody takes action改为Only when everybody takes action can we solve the problem会更好。,6、深刻的引语：在文章的开头和结尾适当使用名言和谚语，可以起到画龙点金、深化主题的作用，提高文章品味。,高考真题赏析,公园该不该收门票,写信给
14、报社，并谈自己看法。,范文,Dear Editor，Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.Opinions are divided on the question. Around 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People
15、 need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.,Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the image of a city.On the other hand, the rest 40% think that fees should be charged, because yo
16、u need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Everything has two sides. In my opinion, fees should be charged as long as the price is reasonable.Yours trulyLi Hua,书面表达常用步骤,一、审题；定要点：注重表达要点的用词。用词体现语言基本功。用词要生动具体形象；
17、避免抽象普通词汇。二、连句；串要点：注重连词和句式变化。句与句之间尽可能使用连接词，使文章连贯流畅；尽可能使句子多样化，避免呆版。三、组篇；重结构：注重过度语和主题句。适当分段和过度语使结构紧凑，思路清晰。,示例讲解,最近一项调查显示，我们学校40%以上学生不吃早餐。原因：熬夜，早晨没有胃口；早晨时间来不及；女孩为保持身材。危害：课堂精神不振，打瞌睡；影响身体和学习。建议：自己写,范文参考,A recent survey shows that over 40% of students in our school go without breakfast, which is indeed a w
18、orrying problem.Different reasons account for this phenomina. On the one hand, many students have the habit of staying up too late at night, as a result, they are not so spiritual and have no appetite for breakfast the next morning. A lot of girls, on the other hand, starve themselves on purpose jus
19、t for keeping a good shape.,Iganoring breakfast is very harmful to both our health and study. For one thing, they are still growing , for another, they cannot concentrate their attention in class through lack of sleep.To solve this problem, we should have a scientific study plan and keep a balance b
20、etween study and relaxation. Only in this way can we guarantee a happier life and better study.,经典赏析1,In Western countries, the dragon is an evil (邪恶的) animal. It often kills good people. So, a Shanghai professor said that the dragon was no longer a suitable symbol for China. He thought the image of
21、 a dragon might lead Westerners to have a negative opinion of China. What do you think of this issue?,Please write an article of no less than 100 words entitled “Is the Dragon a Suitable Symbol for China?” Organize your writing in the following pattern:1. Present（呈现） the problem2. Give your opinion
22、or attitude and explain your reasons3. Draw a conclusion,Recently there has been a heated discussion on whether we should continue to use the dragon as Chinas symbol. Opinions vary from person to person; some people claim that the dragon is no longer a suitable symbol for China. Whereas others dont
23、think so.Those who hold the former view think that it shouldnt be the symbol of China. For one thing, in western countries, the dragon is an evil animal. It often kills good people. For another, they think the image of a dragon may lead westerners to have a negative opinions of China.,In spite of al
24、l the mentioned above，some people still believe that the dragon is beneficial to other symbols. On the one hand, dragon has been a symbol of China since thousands of years ago. Its part of Chinese culture. On the other hand, in China, dragon means the most powerful things.Weighing the pros and cons,
25、 Im inclined to side with the latter view. There is no denying that we shouldnt change our culture because of others thoughts. It is obvious that its just the differences between Chinese and Western cultures!,经典示例赏析2,下面是2001-2004年某市交通事故死亡人数的坐标图（graph）以及原因调查。请你以A Worrying Problem为题，为21世纪英语报写一篇110字左右的
26、英文报道。反映图表内容，说明造成死亡的原因。文章开头已给出，不计入总字数。,Deaths from car accidents have been climbing rapidly year after year. From the graph above, we can see that in the year 2001, about 800 people died from car accidents; in 2002, the number of deaths nearly doubled. By the year 2003, the number reached as many as
27、2600, and in 2004, it was already over 4000, which is indeed a worrying problem.,Study shows that the most contributing factors for the increasing deaths have been the sharp growth of family cars and new drivers in recent years, many of whom lack strict training. Whats worse, some drivers pay little
28、 attention to traffic rules. I hope the local authority will take effective measures to solve the problem.,起点考试23分作文You impressed me at first sight, and I was convinced that I could learn a lot from you. From that time on, you really did teach us a lot and always cheered us up. Its undoubted that yo
29、ur class is fascinating, not only because of your terrific teaching skills, but also how you made us learn. Lots of extracurricular activities were organized to arouse our interests to study English, in which everyone was glad to take part.,经典示例赏析3,It is still in my mind that every profound sentence
30、 said by you like “Will you ever learn to speak English”, which is from Jazz Chant, stimulated our confidence to speak English; “Never say you cant”, which is always on your lips, gave us remarkable impression. Moreover, your “Team Spirit” concept made us communicate and share. And I am looking forw
31、ard to your advent to China again.,写作技能的培养,词汇表达技能的培养句子表达技能的培养篇章结构技能的培养,写作技能培养,一、词汇表达技巧的培养1、用精确形象的词汇代替普通抽象的词汇：I like animals / birds / parrots.He is a good/honest/ generous/sympathetic/selfish personAfter the match, people ran / poured out of the stadium.The cover of the book is very nice /artistic.H
32、is new job is very difficult / challenging.Heavy snow is interesting / exciting.,2、避免不必要的词汇：Have you received the letter that I mailed to you on the 15th of April?Have you received my letter of April 15?The reason that Paul failed in the exam was because of carelessness.The reason Paul failed in the
33、 exam was carelessness.He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing.In my opinion, I think your plan is practical.,There was a pine tree that stood like a giant on the top of the mountain. It towered over the trees around it.-The giant pine tree on the top of the
34、 mountain towered over the trees around it.Mr. Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France.-Mr. Smith prefers wines produced in France.Mr. Smith prefers French wines.,3、尽量使用习语：The problem is being discussed.The problem is under discussion.He is finding a new job.He is
35、 hunting for / in search of a new job.Most Chinese like tea better than coffeeMost Chinese prefer tea to coffee.He enjoys learning knowledge.He is thirsty for knowledge.,4、尽可能使用修辞My love for you is very strong.My love for you is like a red rose.Im too busy at present.Im as busy as a bee. Peoples Rep
36、ublic of China was founded in 1949.The year 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.,二、句子表达技巧的培养,1、注意句子的完整性Those who against the plan raise your hands.Nobody likes being laughed.There were many students attended the lecture.The people went there were mostly students.,2、主意使用正确的语法结构,It
37、was reported that another coal mine accident has happened.With time passed by, technology became more complex.To keep up with the times, English and computer must be learnt.Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.Last weekend, I visited friends, playing compute
38、r games and had a game of tennis.,His voice is clear, deep and with passion.There are many things you can do here, such as go boating, go swim, and go fishing.A man is judged not only but what he says but also by his deeds.We thought she was a charming, intelligent, and a very capable woman.We have
39、great faith and hope for her.,3、尽量使用并列句和复合句,He is good at music and sports-?It was very noisy. I could hardly go to sleep-?I was born in a small village. There was no school in it-?I didnt pass the exam, John didnt pass either-?He is young, but he knows a lot-?Li is a student. He comes from a southe
40、rn province. He speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand-?,4、尽量使用不同的句型,1) 不要总是以人开头作主语Many people believe that it is important to keep our own tradition.-It is widely believed thatNobody can deny that he is a honest boy.-There is no denying that he When London zoo received report that When rep
41、ort came into London zoo thatThe monitor is walking ahead of the team, with a flag on his shoulder.-Walking ahead of the team is the monitor, with,2) 不要总是用主动式,We know very little about the accident.Very little is known about the accident.Ive said much about the problem.Much has been said about the p
42、roblem.We must pay great attention to environment problem.Great attention must be paid to People hope that the government will take effective measure to It is hoped that effective measures will be taken to ,3、尽可能使用名词结构或非谓语动词代替从句,If we only apply book knowledge, we cant solve all the problem.The appl
43、ication of book knowledge alone cant solve all the problem.When the girl saw a snake, she let out a cry of surprise.The sight of a snake made the girl Because he didnt study hard, he failed in the exam.The lack of hard work made him fail in,If I am given another five minutes, I can finish the work.G
44、iven another five minutes, I can After he had done all his homework, he went to bed.Having done/ With all his homework done, he went to bed.The professor walked into the classroom and carried a bag of books with him-?,4) 不要总是使用肯定句,This is the best hotel you can find here.You cant find a better hotel
45、 here.Nowhere else can you find a better hotel.All of us want to improve our writing.There is none of us who doesnt want to improve our writing.We are always fascinated by cats.Cats never fail to fascinate us.,5、适当使用强调句和倒装句,Luckily, the accident didnt cause any death or any injuries.Luckily, the, no
46、r did it cause any injuries.I have never heard of such a strange thing before.Never before have I heard suchWe can solve the problem when everybody takes action.Only when everybody takes action can we solve the problem.,People began to pay close attention to the problem when it became so serious.It
47、was when the problemthat people began to pay.,三、篇章结构技能的培养,1、Basic structures of an article：Mostly three basic parts:a beginning, a body and an end.这三部分也称作：the introduction, the discussion and the conclusion.The introduction indicates what we are going to talk about; the discussion presents supportin
48、g details; the conclusion of cause completes the discussing in a concluding sentence.Sometimes two: An introduction; a story of example,The layout of an article,short summary,Example 1,Nowadays, the Internet is playing a more and more important role in peoples daily life. However, peoples opinions a
49、re divided on this point.Those who are in favor of the internet claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, information searching is no longer a tough job with the help of all kinds of search engines. Secondly, we can contact friends or business partners via e-mails or software such as Internet Meeting and Yahoo Messenger.,
