1、The Translation of Confucius The Analects,The Four Books and The Five Classics were the canonical works of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, Confucian Analects and The Works of Mencius. The Five Classi
2、cs includes The Book of Poetry (also known as The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes), The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals.,英译概况,1687年巴黎出版拉丁文译本,中国哲学家孔子. 用拉丁文解释中国人的智慧 (Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, sive Scientia Sinensis Latine Exposita),编者为耶稣会会
3、士柏应理 (Philippe Couplet,比利时人) 。 最早的英译为英国传教士马希曼(Joshua Marsman)的节译本The Works of Confucius (1809)。 1861年香港出版理雅格(James Legge)翻译的中国经典( Chinese Classics)第一卷第二卷,包括大学,中庸,论语,孟子。译为Confucian Analects,成为后来所以论语学术译本的原型。理雅各还首次使用了 “Analects“ 这个词来作为论语英译本的书名,他认为这样可以言简意赅地表示出这本书实际上是 “讨论和评论的选段”。,其他译本,辜鸿铭,1898年上海出版 The D
4、iscourses and Sayings of Confucius. Arthur Waley, 1938年,The Analects of Confucius. 1989年纽约再版。1999年收入大中华文库 Ezra Pound,1950年刊登于Hudson Review,The Analects。 1997年,美国诺顿出版社出版了澳大利亚籍的比利时汉学家、小说家和文化评论家西蒙利斯(Simon Leys)(即彼埃尔里克曼斯 - Pierre Ryckmans)的译本。,5. 黄治中,1997年牛津大学出版社。该译本可以所是目前所见的最新的译本了。除了 论语译文以外,该译本还包括了“引言”
5、、“术语”、“比较历史 年代表”、“发音指南”、“地图”、“中国历史年代表”、“孔夫子 生平”、“孔夫子的弟子”和“索引”等部分。 6. 森舸澜Edward Cilman Slingerland ,2003年,美国。Analects. 7. 刘殿爵, 2008年中华书局。Confucius The Analects (1979年),论语名句英译对比,Legge,J Wakey,A Lau, D. C.,理译:The Master said, “At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. “At thirty, I stood firm. “At fo
6、rty, I had no doubts. “At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. “At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. “At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.“ 韦译:The Master said, “At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had
7、 planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities . At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I desired no longer over stepped the boundaries of ri
8、ght. 刘译: :The Master said, “At fifteen I set my heart on learning; at thirty I took my stand; at forty I was never in two minds; at fifty I understood the Decree of Heaven; at sixty my ear was attuned; at seventy I followed my hearts desire without overstepping the line.”,子曰:“君子不器(1)。” 【注释】 (1)器:器具。
9、 【译文】 孔子说:“君子不像器具那样,(只有某一方面的用途)。” 【评析】 君子是孔子心目中具有理想人格的人,非凡夫俗子,他应该担负起治国安邦之重任。对内可以妥善处理各种政务;对外能够应对四方,不辱君命。所以,孔子说,君子应当博学多识,具有多方面才干,不只局限于某个方面,因此,他可以通观全局、领导全局,成为合格的领导者。这种思想在今天仍有可取之处。,理译:The Master said, “The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.“ Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Mas
10、ter said, “He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.“ 刘译:The Master said,“The gentleman is no vessel.” i.e., he is no specialist, as every vessel is designed for a specific purpose.”,子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣。” 理译:The Master said, “If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, s
11、o as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.刘译: The Master said, “A man is worthy of being a teacher who gets to know what is new by keeping fresh in his mind what he is already familiar with.”,子曰:“学而不思则罔(1),思而不学则殆(2)。” 【注释】 (1)罔:迷惑、糊涂。 (2)殆;疑惑、危险。 【译文】 孔子说:“只读书学习,而不思考问题,就会罔然
12、无知而没有收获;只空想而不读书学习,就会疑惑而不能肯定。“,理译:The Master said, “Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.“ 刘译: The Master said, “If one learns from others but does not think, one will be bewildered. If, on the other hand, one thinks but does not learn from others, one will be
13、imperiled.”,子曰:“诗三百(1),一言以蔽(2)之,曰:“思无邪(3)。” 【注释】 (1)诗三百:诗,指诗经一书,此书实有305篇,三百只是举其整数。 (2)蔽:概括的意思。 (3)思无邪:此为诗经鲁颂上的一句,此处的“思”作思想解。无邪,一解为“纯正”,一解为“直”,后者较妥。 【译文】 孔子说:“诗经三百篇,可以用一句话来概括它,就是思想纯正。” 【评析】 孔子时代,可供学生阅读的书还不很多,诗经经过孔子的整理加工以后,被用作教材。孔子对诗经有深入研究,所以他用“思无邪”来概括它。论语中解释诗经的话,都是按照“思无邪”这个原则而提出的。,子曰:“关睢(1),乐而不淫,哀而不伤
14、。” 【注释】 (1)关睢:睢,音。这是诗经的第一篇。此篇写一君子“追求”淑女,思念时辗转反侧,寤寐思之的忧思,以及结婚时钟鼓乐之琴瑟友之的欢乐。 【译文】 孔子说:“关睢这篇诗,快乐而不放荡,忧愁而不哀伤。” 【评析】 孔子对关睢一诗的这个评价,体现了他的“思无邪”的艺术观。关睢是写男女爱情、祝贺婚礼的诗,与“思无邪”本不相干,但孔子却从中认识到“乐而不淫、哀而不伤”的中庸思想,认为无论哀与乐都不可过分,有其可贵的价值。,子曰:“知者乐水,仁者乐山;知者动,仁者静;知者乐,仁者寿。” 【注释】 知者乐水,仁者乐山:“知”,音,同“智”;乐,古音,喜爱的意思。 【译文】 孔子说:“聪明人喜爱水,有仁德者喜爱山;聪明人活动,仁德者沉静。聪明人快乐,有仁德者长寿。” 【评析】 孔子这里所说的“智者”和“仁者”不是一般人,而是那些有修养的“君子”。他希望人们都能做到“智”和“仁”,只要具备了这些品德,就能适应当时社会的要求。,