1、NECCS 全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛 词汇结构 阅读理解 写作,乔 海 青,一|、 NECCS C类命题要求,大学英语课程教学要求三个层次的英语能力要求：一般要求： 1.听力理解能力：每分钟130-150词 2.口语表达能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，主题讨论，日常话题,作简短发言。 3.阅读理解能力：每分钟70词。 4.书面表达能力：30分钟120词推荐词汇量：约4795个单词和700个词组(含中学应掌握的词汇)，其中约2000个单词为积极词汇。,较高要求： 1.听力理解能力：每分钟150180词2.口语表达能力：比较流利的会话，能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等，能基本陈述事实、理由和描述
2、事件，表达清楚，语音、语调基本正确。3.阅读理解能力：每分钟7090词。4.书面表达能力：半小时内写出不少于150-160词。推荐词汇量：约6395个单词和1200个词组(包括中学和一般要求应该掌握的词汇)，其中约2200个单词(包括一般要求应该掌握的积极词汇)为积极词汇。,更高要求 1.听力理解能力：基本听懂英语国家的广播电视节目，能听懂英语国家人士正常语速的谈话。能听懂用英语讲授的专业课程和英语讲座。2.口语表达能力：能较为流利、准确地就一般或专业性话题进行对话或讨论，能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并参加讨论。3.阅读理解能力：能读懂有一定难度的文章，能阅读国外英语报刊杂志上的文章，能比
3、较顺利地阅读所学专业的英语文献和资料。4.书面表达能力：在半小时内写出不少于200词的说明文或议论文推荐词汇量：掌握的词汇量应达到约7675个单词和1870个词组(包括中学、一般要求和较高要求应该掌握的词汇，但不包括专业词汇)，其中约2360个单词为积极词汇。,二、题型简介,1.赛卷构成：Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes,30marks)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10minutes,15marks) Part III Reading Comprehension (20minutes,35marks) P
4、art IV Cloze (15minutes,15 marks) Part V Translation (15minutes,20 marks) Part VI IQ Test (5minutes,5 marks) Part VII Writing (30minutes,30 marks),2、主讲题型简介Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10minutes,15marks) 共15题, 共计15分, 答题时间为10分钟。 近年测试内容题数统计,二、词汇与结构解题技巧A. 词汇 1、利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项 1）Having decided t
5、o rent a flat，wecontacting all the accommodation agencies in the city。 A）set about B）set down C）set out D）set up A） 2）When he realized the police had spotted him，the manthe exit as quickly as possible A）made off B）made for C）made out D）made up B）,2利用动词词组中的动词确定选项 If youthe bottle and cigarettes，youll
6、 be much healthier A）take off B）keep off C）get off D）set off B） 3释义参照型近义词 The manager spoke highly of suchas loyalty，courage and truthfulness shown by his employees A）virtues B）features C）properties D）characteristics A）,4因果参照型近义词 1）Some old people dont like pop songs because they cantso much noise A
7、）resist B）sustain C）tolerate D）undergo C） 5转折或反义与对比参照型 1）Even though he was guilty，thejudge did not send him to prison A）merciful B）impartial C）conscientious D） conspicuous A） 其他三项的意思：B） 正直的、公正的；C）有良心的；D）显著的。,6反义对比参照型近义词 1）Competition，they believe，the national character than corrupt it A）enforces B）
8、confirms C）intensifies D）strengthens D） 7语意环境参照型 1）The president made aspeech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting，which encouraged the sportsmen greatly A）vigorous B）tedious C）flat D）harsh A）,8根据词的同现确定正确选择项 1）The government is trying to go something to better understanding between the two
9、countries A）raise B）promote C）heighten D）increase B） 2）Remember that customers dontabout prices in that city A）debate B）consult C）dispute D）bargain D）,2. 词汇识记法 2.1 机械重复法 机械重复模式即采用机械地重复英文单词的音义关系、形义关系,从而记忆词汇。 2.2 构词解析法 英语词汇的构词方式主要有合成、派生和转换。 合成：将两个或两个以上的单词组合在一起,从而形成一个新的单词,即复合词,如:mainland, mankind, lead
10、ership。 派生：指在词根上加上词缀而形成新词,如: op+poseoppose, in+differentindifferent。 转换：指词形词性改变,如: invade, vt.入侵,侵略,侵袭invasion, n.入侵,侵略;侵犯。,2.3 汉字谐音法/拟音法用汉语发音来模拟英文单词的部分或者全部读音,然后把这个汉语描绘与单词的词义组合成一个汉语短语,来帮助记忆单词的一种方法。如:ponderous拟音 “胖得要死” 义 “笨重“lobster拟音 “老不死的” 义 “龙虾“,jaw 拟音 “嚼”义 n.颚,上下颚,口部。Long live Chairman Mao!拟音 “狼来
11、否吃面包” 义 “毛主席万岁“,2.4 语境融合法语境融合模式是指将单词置于句子或课文中加以记忆的策略。这种策略是将新的词汇信息链接在已有的信息上,是记忆的联结体现。读：1.对孤立的词的重复是一种低层处理,记忆效果差;2.将词与所处的语法结构结合起来,则是一种较深层的处理,记忆效果最好;3.所选文章生词量宜控制在5%以内,而且阅读后做一些词汇练习,这样才会有显著的词汇收获;4.通过阅读进行的语义加工属于语言的深层次加工。学习者对信息加工层次越深,保持效果越好。,2.5 熟词图像嫁接法把熟悉的词汇或词根作为关键词与剩余字母或字母组合嫁接在一起,形成视觉图像的方法叫熟词图像嫁接法。左脑：“理性脑”
12、或“抽象思维脑”,主管人的言语、阅读、书写、计算、分析、归纳、推理等;右脑：“感性脑”或“艺术脑”,主要负责人的知觉、图形、综合、空间、知觉、想象、艺术创造、扩散思维等。方法：a.划出生词中已知词汇或词根作为关键词;spark sparkpill pillstring string,b.将剩余字母形成视觉图像，如：A a 苹果或帽子B b 花生、大肚皮或男孩,C c 耳朵、弯月或猫, P p 路牌S s 美女或蛇action 爱心或爱神br 病人等st 石头等,3.将剩余字母视觉图像与关键词嫁接,并与生词词义之间展开视觉表象联想或语句联想；spark n.火花,火星s(美女)+park(公园)
13、和美女在公园约会, 燃起爱情的火花pill n.药丸,丸片p(路牌)+ill(病)他在路牌边病倒了,于是吃了药丸/药片string n.线,细绳;一串st(石头)+ring (戒指)石头做的戒指串了根细绳morose n.忧伤郁闷 mo()+rose（玫瑰） “没有玫瑰”所以“忧伤郁闷”,2.6 纵横字谜联想法:记新词想旧词编短句 harp （竖琴） hard（坚固的） 坚固的竖琴ferry（渡口） merry（快乐的） 快乐的渡口carpet （地毯） car+pet (汽车+宠物) 汽车载着宠物行驶在地毯上barrack （兵营）bar+rack(酒吧+折磨) 泡酒吧如同折磨人的兵营mor
14、ose n.忧伤郁闷 mo+rose（莫有+玫瑰） “没有玫瑰”所以“忧伤郁闷”,2.7 串烧法2.71 简单串烧串烧发是以相同字母组合为主脉排序成串（顺序/逆序）。 如: trainstrainrestrainconstrain train trein n.列车;一连串,系列v.训练,培养strain strein vt./vi./n.拉紧;拖紧;伸张restrain ri strein vt.抑制,遏制;控制,限制;约束,阻止。constrain k ns trein vt.强迫,迫使;限制;束缚;拘禁;压制,抑制。这种将识记材料成串思维过程在心理学中被称为组块化,是记忆活动中最重要的方法
15、。它能将较小的记忆单位结合成较大的记忆单元,以扩大短时记忆的容量，提高记忆效率。,2.7. 2 故事串烧法：记新词想旧词排列成串编故事profiteer engineer，peer，pioneer，steer，sneer， volunteer排列成串：pioneer（拓荒者），sneer（蔑视）peer（同龄人/权贵），volunteer（志愿），engineer（工程师），steer（掌舵，profiteer（投机, 牟求暴利）编短篇：拓荒者蔑视权贵/同龄人，志愿为工程师掌舵，牟求暴利。,2.8 音形识记法（拼读规则）2.9 其他识记法 试图回忆法构词法词源分析法归类记忆法广泛阅读法口头操练
16、法,B. 结构常考考点：1. 复合句 （名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）；2. 虚拟语气；3. 非谓语动词；4. 时态；5. 冠词；6. 情态动词；7. 平行结构； 8. 倒装；9. 被动语态10. “it”形式主语/宾语,情景对话题,Part III Reading Comprehension (40marks) 题型Y/N/NGTrue or FalseFilling Missing Words共5题, 1篇短文, 短文后有5个不完整句子, 要求考生阅读文章之后填空。Short Answer Questions共5题, 有1篇文章,要求考生在阅读文章之后回答问题或补足不完整的句子(答案不超
17、过10个词)。Summary共5题, 1篇文章, 文章后有一段文字对文章的内容进行总结，该段文字中设置出5个空格要求考生阅读文章之后根据文章内容并使用文章中词的适当形式填写。Multiple ChoiceMatch,应试技巧1. True or FalseY/N/NG Y全对N 错一点以上NG 一点以上没提到应试技巧1）数信息点；2）文中定位；3）找信息点：,2. 其余题型1) 划出题干的定位词/关键词：人名、地名、专有名词、数字等2) 根据定位词定位；3) 扫描（定位词的变体、同义词、近义词)4) 答题.,提高阅读速度的技巧（1）提高整篇文章阅读速度的方法:读首尾段;跳读;读每段都重复的词/
18、同义词.,（2）提高段落阅读速度的方法:读主题句;读表示转折(but, however, nevertheless) 后的内容；结论(so, therefore, thus)后的内容（3）提高句子阅读速度的方法:意群阅读读key words；读key idea（读主句的主谓宾的中心词）;句中有and, or, because (since, as), 的读半句.,信号词,传统意义信号词 A. 顺接和递进 first, first of all, above all, to begin with, second, then , also, next, third, furthermore, mo
19、reover, what is more, in addition firstly, secondly, eventually, finally another, the second, the most, the best,B. 因果关系 as, because, since, since, for, so, as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of as a result, result in, lead to, stem from, derive from, in that C. 举例 for example, f
20、or instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including, that is, a case in point,D. 对比和转折 however, but, although, nevertheless, while, yet, still, on the other hand, by comparison, on the contrary; someother E. 相似 similarly, in other words, that is, put another way,F. 强调作用 in fact, in essence, in par
21、ticular, emphasize,非传统意义信号词 A. 表达客观结论 indicate that, suggest that, find out, conclude that, point out, report that, demonstrate that eg. But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play w
22、ould be lost by adulthood.,B.表达主观观点 statements, opinions, say, believe, argue that, maintain that, claim eg. The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.,C.特殊符号word, , word eg. In very significant ca
23、ses of role changefrom a soldier in the ranks to officer, from bachelor to married man, the change of role has to have a very obvious sign, hence rituals.,Part VII Writing (30minutes,30 marks) 共2题, 共计30分, 答题时间为30分钟。Task I: 应用文letter, email, twitter/microblog,notice, memo, lecture, note,notification,
24、 poster, abstract,advertisement, report, rsum,近几年已考题型,Task II 议论文、说明文、报告近几年已考题型,如何准备Task I？ 一、书信 (一) 格式 1、日期： Apr. 5, 2011 5 Apr., 2011 5th April, 2011 Apr. 5th, 2004 其中，最为通用。,2、称呼（Salutation） 收信人称呼 先生（男人）Mr./Esq. 夫人（已婚）Mrs. 小姐（未婚）Miss 夫人、小姐统称Ms. 夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs. 两位或两位以上男子Messrs 两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames
25、 两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses,常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下： 教授Professor 博士Docor(Dr.,Ph.D.) 医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.) 总统或校长President 主席或董事长Chairman 副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman 副总统或副校长Vice President 首相Prime Minister 总理Premier,省长或州长Governor 市长Mayor 参议员Senator 大使Ambassador 秘书长Secretary General 一秘First Secretary 二秘Second Secretary 院长D
26、irector, Dean 副院长Vice Director 系主任Dean, Head 馆长Chief Librarian, Curator 阁下Excellency,3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 事务性信件:开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚;私人信件: 一两句客套立即转入正题，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P.S.表示补叙。,起首语： 1) Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969. 2) Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997. 3) A thousand thanks
27、for your kind letter of June 5,1997. 4) Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning. 5) Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort. 6) In reply to your letter dated 4th July, I want to say 7) Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Chr
28、istmas Eve.,8) What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th! 9) It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting. 10) First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me . 11) With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that 14) I am very much plea
29、sed to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved. 15) I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering. 16) I am too excited and delighted at your good news. 17) I am very obliged to ;you for your warm congratulations.,4.结束语（Complimentary Close） 结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，低于正文一行，从信纸
30、的中间或偏右的地方开始写。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。 1）Awaiting your good news, 2)Looking forward to your early reply, 3)Hoping to hear from you soon, 4)We await your good news. 5)I hope to hear from you very soon. 6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 7)I look forward to our next meeting there in
31、 Los Angeles.,8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated. 9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you. 10)The help you give me is sincerely valued. 11)I hope everything will be well with you . 12)Please let us know if you want more information. 13)I hope you always enjoy yourse
32、lf. 14)I wish you very success in the coming year. 15)Please remember me to your family. 16)With best regards to your family. 17)All the best. 18) With love and good wishes.,5. 落款(Signature) 最常用的：Yours Sincerely，(用于各种关系的人之间) 较正式的：Yours Faithfully； 亲人/好友间：Love from 其他： Yours trulyTruly yours， Yours f
33、aithfullyFaithfully yours， Yours sincerelySincerely yours， Yours respectfullyYours gratefully， YoursEver yoursYours affectionatelyLovingly yours，,(二) 常考书信的写作 申请信 1、正文由部分组成: (1)说明得知消息的来源 (2)介绍自己的个人信息及其个人经历 (3)留下个人的联系方式 2、推荐模板,Date Dear ,I am writing to apply for Here is my personal information for yo
34、u.If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful.Enclosed are my score reports on all subjects and two recommendations. Yours sincerely,Name,DateDear , I am writing to express my great interest in , and Id like to apply as I would be very grateful if you gran
35、t me an interview.Yours sincerely, Name,3、常用开头: (1) I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college as well as application forms (2) I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university. (3)Thank you very much for
36、the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms, which I am returning with three letters of recommendation, a certified copy of my transcript and,(4)Thank you for your enquiry about the possibility of coming as a Visiting Scholar to the Department of We should be very pl
37、eased to welcome you here, and to invite you to participate in the activities of the Department. (5)And I am looking forward your early reply (6)If you want to know more about me, please contact me at,July20 Dear Sirs, (1)I am interested in graduate study in physics, with the ultimate goal of teachi
38、ng at the college level, and would like to talk with you about the requirements of your department. (2)After my graduation from Peking University in 2000, I worked for several years before my marriage as a teacher in Open College. During that time I completed three graduate courses at Zhe Jiang Univ
39、ersity, but did not finish my masters degree. (3)A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.,I could probably manage almost a full schedule if necessary. However, I would prefer to begin on a more limited basis if this could be arranged.(4)I will call your office in a few days for an appoi
40、ntment.Yours sincerely,Kim,称呼语 (1) 说明想要申请的部门 套语 I am interested in对十分感兴趣开 头直接表明自己有意向继续深造 (2)简述个人经历从北京大学毕业后,结婚前 在Open College当了几年老师 (3) A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.并说明已附上简历. (4)表示会亲自拜访 落款,Task II1、议论文三要素：论点、论据和论证。常用的方法有： 归纳法：从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事的共同特点，然后得出结论。推理法：从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行
41、说明、分析，而后得出结论。 对照法：对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。驳论法：先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。,2、说明文通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确。 可分为：实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类。词典、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。,3、应试方法：预设：篇 句 词 题篇章结构结构模块衔接过渡,(1) some/others/INowadays, there are two different attitudes towards . Some people hold the id
42、ea that For instance, . So they believe that .But, on the other hand, others have a quite different view. They argue that for the following two reasons. For one thing, .For another, . In a word, they think .As far as I am concerned, I prefer to .because this choice fits my personality and my life-lo
43、ng belief.,应用： Can Money buy Happiness?Nowadays, there are two different attitudes towards money. Some people hold the idea that money can buy happiness for they can do anything they want with money .For instance, with money they can buy a beautiful house, a wonderful car. So they believed that mone
44、y means everything. But, on the other hand, others have a quite different view. They argue that money can not,always buy happiness for the following two reasons. For one thing, happiness is more than money and happiness involves love, friendship, health. For another, money can not buy true love, dev
45、oted friendship and health. In a word, they think money means something but not everything.As far as I am concerned, I prefer to the second opinion because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.,Recently, there have been some heated disputes as to . Some people claim that . For exa
46、mple，. Consequently, it is their belief that .However, when it comes to this issue, other people hold a different view. According to them, for the two reasons. First, . Second, . Thus, they believe .To my mind, I will approve of the second kind opinion. The reason is that it is in favor of the inter
47、est of the great majority of people in the our society.,应用：Can Money buy Happiness? Recently, there have been some heated disputes as to money . Some people claim that money can buy happiness for they can do anything they want with money. For example, with money they can buy a beautiful house, a won
48、derful car Consequently, it is their belief that money means everything.,However, when it comes to this issue, other people hold a different view. According to them, money can not always buy happiness for the two reasons. First, happiness is more than money and happiness involves love, friendship, health . Second, money can not buy true love, devoted friendship and health. Thus, they believe money means something but not everything .To my mind, I will approve of the second opinion. The reason is that it is in favor of my personality and my life-long belief.,
