1、翻译【原文】改革开放以来，中国的投资环境发生了翻天覆地的变化。20 世纪 80年代早期，中国限制外资投资出口导向型企业(export-oriented corporation),要求外资跟中国公司建立合资关系。自 20世纪 90年代早期开始，中国允许外资在国内市场生产并销售各种商品，还允许建立外资独资公司(foreign-owned enterprise)。今天，中国作为世贸组织的一员，改革开放依然是中国发展的核心。目前，外商投资企业的产品约占中国出口产品总数的一半，中国仍然在大量引进外资。【解析】 1.中国限制外资投资出口导向型企业，要求外资跟中国公司建立合资关系:“限制”可译为 restr
2、ict; “出口导向型”可用一个复合词 export-oriented来表示,“建立合资关系”可用 set up joint-venture partnerships来表达。2.国内市场:可译为 the domestic market。3.还允许建立外资独资公司:“允许”即“授权”,可译为 authorize;“建立”可用 establishment表示；“外资独资公司”可译为 foreign-owned enterprises。 【参考答案】Chinas investment climate has changed dramatically since the reform and open
3、ing up. In the early 1980s, China restricted foreign capital to invest in the export-oriented corporation and required foreign investors to set up the joint-venture partnerships with Chinese firms. Since the early 1990s,China has allowed foreign investors to manufacture and sell a wide range of good
4、s on the domestic market.The establishment of foreign-owned enterprises were also authorized. Today,as a member of the World Trade Organization, the reform and opening up remains central to Chinas development. Currently, products of foreign-invested enterprises account for about half of Chinas expor
5、ts, and China continues to attract large investment.【原文】有些国家为了处理他们与中国的贸易，建立了专门的机构。CCBC 是加中贸易理事会，该机构协助处理两国间的贸易项目。另外一个有此功能的机构是英中贸易协会(the China-Britain Business Council)。该机构设立的目的是协助中英两国间的贸易。同时，中国也帮助国内的年轻人在商业上抢占先机。中国青年创业国际计划旨在帮助年轻人进行创业。另外，中国还发行了一些商业杂志，来帮助中国人跟进国际商业领域的新发展。【解析】 1.专门的机构:可译为 special organiza
6、tion。2.中国青年创业国际计划旨在帮助年轻人进行创业:“中国青年创业国际计划”是专有名词，译为 Youth Business China;“创业”就是“开创一番事业”，因此可译为 start a business。3.跟进国际商业领域的新发展:“跟进”可用 keep track of表达，“国际商业领域”可翻译为 international commercial areas。 【参考答案】Some countries have special organizations set up for dealing with their business with China. CCBC is t
7、he Canada China Business Council which helps with the trade between the two countries.Another organization of the same function is the China-Britain Business Council. This organization has been established to facilitate the trade between the UK and China. At the same time, China serves for the young
8、 people to grab the favorable business opportunities. Youth Business China aims at helping young people to start a business. China also publishes several business magazines to help the Chinese people to keep track of the development in the international commercial areas.【原文】2012年,中国在全球经济发展速度最快的国家中,名
9、列第 18位,GDP 实际增速为 7.8%。这是自 1999年以来最慢的增速。但中国依然是成熟型经济的代表,因为中国正逐渐从发展中国家向发达国家过渡。自 1949年以来,中国政府一直在规划和管理国民经济。1978 年,邓小平引入资本主义市场原则（capitalist market principles)。从那时起,中国经济就开始展现出巨大的增长力。在过去 30年间,中国的 GDP以平均每年 10%的速度在增长。这段时期,中国经济的规模增长了约 48倍。【解析】 1.成熟型经济的代表:“成熟型经济”可译为 a maturing economy; “代表”可译为:representative。2.
10、过渡:可翻译为 transform。3.规划和管理国民经济:可译为 plan and manage the national economy。4.从那时起,中国经济就开始展现出巨大的增长力:“从那时起”可译为 from then on。“巨大的增长力”可译为massive growth。【参考答案】In 2012,China ranked the 18th fastest growing country in economy in the world, with a real GDP growth rate of 7.8 percent.The figure is the slowest on
11、e since 1999.However, China is also representative of a maturing economy as it is gradually transforming from a developing country to a developed one.Since 1949,the Chinese government has been planning and managing the national economy.In the year of 1978,Deng Xiaoping introduced capitalist market p
12、rinciples.From then on, the Chinese economy began to show massive growth.The GDP grew at the average rate of 10 percent annually over the last 30 years.During that period the scale of the Chinese economy grew by roughly 48 times.【原文】中国是世界上工业产品种类最多的国家之一。这与其“世界工厂”的称号相符。自 1978年起,中国已逐渐减少其对国有企业(state-own
13、ed enterprises)的依赖。但国有企业依然占中国工业总量(industrial output)的 46%,与35年前的 77.6%相比有所下降。尽管如此,近几年中国政府在关系国家经济安全的部门对国有企业采取扶持政策。2003年,为推动国有经济发展,中国成立了国有资产监督管理委员会(State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission)。这是一个旨在发展壮大国有工业企业的监管机构。【解析】 1.相符:可译为 conform to. 2.国有企业:可用 state-owned enterprises表达。3.依赖:可译为
14、 reliance。 4.国有经济:可翻译为 state-owned economy。 5.监管机构:可用 regulator表达。【参考答案】China is one of the countries with the most sorts of industrial products in the world,which conforms to the title of “the Worlds Factory”.Since 1978,the nation has gradually decreased its reliance on state-owned enterprises.Howe
15、ver,they still account for 46 percent of Chinas industrial output,reducing from 77.6 percent 35 years ago.Nonetheless,in recent years Chinese government adopted the policies to support state-owned enterprises in sections which concern the national economic security.In 2003,China set up the State-own
16、ed Assets Supervision and Administration Commission to promote the development of state-owned economy.It is a regulator aiming at expanding and strengthening state-owned industrial enterprises.【原文】中国火锅（Chinese hot pot）已有 1000多年的历史了。火锅似乎起源于蒙古，在那里主要配料是肉，通常是牛肉，羊肉或马肉。之后传到中国南方，得到了进一步发展。火锅包含一个在餐桌中间煮涮东西的金属
17、锅。当火锅保持沸腾状态时，将配料放入锅中。典型的火锅菜包括切成薄片的肉，叶菜，蘑菇，云吞（wonton）,鸡蛋，饺子和海鲜。煮熟的食物通常蘸着酱吃。在许多地区，火锅通常在冬天吃。【解析】 1.火锅包含一个在餐桌中间煮涮东西的金属锅:“在中间可译为 at the center of,是英语中表示方位的常用短语，类似表方位的短语还有 in the north/south/east/west of等。2.当火锅保持沸腾状态时，将配料放入锅中:“保持沸腾的状态”可译为 keep simmering, keep doing表示“一直在做某事”。3.煮熟的食物通常蘸着酱吃:“煮熟的”可译为 cooked,
18、在这里是过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成。【参考答案】The Chinese hot pot has a history of more than 1,000 years. Hot pot seems to have originated in Mongolia where the main ingredient was meat, usually beef,mutton or horseflesh.It then spread to southern China and was further established. Chinese hot pot consists of a simmeri
19、ng metal pot of stock at the center of the dining table.While the hot pot is kept simmering, ingredients are placed into the pot.Typical hot pot dishes include thinly sliced meat, leaf vegetables, mushrooms, wontons, eggs, dumplings, and seafood. The cooked food is usually eaten with a dipping sauce
20、. In many areas, hot pot meals are often eaten in winter.【原文】中国将加速节能产业的发展，使其到 2015年成为国民经济的支柱产业。国务院(the State Council)曾在一份声明中承诺要推进技术创新,扩大人们对节能产品的需求，推动坏保服务产业的发展。国务院表示,节能产业的产出价值到 2015年将达到 4.5万亿元,平均年增长 15%。政府将起主导作用，并允许非国有资本投资节能项目。中国已承诺到 2020年，将每单位 GDP的碳排放量在 2005年的基础上减少 40%45%。【解析】 1.加速节能产业的发展:“节能产业”可译为
21、energy saving industry。2.国民经济的支柱产业:可译为 a pillar of the national economy。3.承诺要推进技术创新，扩大人们对节能产品的需求，推动环保服务产业的发展:此处“承诺”可译为 vow; “推进”可翻译为 spur;“妒大”可翻译为 expand;“推动”可翻译为 boost。【参考答案】China will speed up development of the energy-saving industry and make it a pillar of the national economy by 2015.The State
22、Council vowed in a statement to spur technological innovation，expand demand for energy-saving products and boost the environmental-protection service industry.According to the State Council, the value of the energy-saving industrys output will reach 4.5 trillion yuan by 2015,with an average annual g
23、rowth rate of 15 percent.The govemment will play a leading role and allow the non-state capital to invest in energy-saving projects.China has committed to reducing its carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 compared with the number in 2005.【原文】中国经济被称为“发展中的市场经济”。发展中的市场经济是指经济的重点放
24、在劳动力、商品和服务领域，并由供需关系决定。中国经济在过去几年中一直呈增长态势，每年平均增长率约为 10%。因为经济的持续发展，中国的贫困率已经降低。在过去 30年里，人均收入(per capita income)增长超过了 8%。由于 2008年的经济变迁，许多私营企业被迫倒闭。正是由于这个原因，国有经济必须要发展。【解析】 1.发展中的市场经济是指经济的重点放在劳动力、商品和服务领域，并由供需关系决定:该句可使用定语从句进行翻译，其中“重点放在”可译为 put emphasis on sth.;“供需关系”即“供应和需求”，可翻译为 supply and demand。2.因为经济的持续发
25、展，中国的贫困率已经降低:“经济的持续发展”可译为 economy continues to develop; “贫困率”可用 the poverty rate 来表达。3.由于 2008年的经济变迁，许多私营企业被迫倒闭:“2008 年的经济变迁”可用 economic changes in 2008来表达；“私营企业”可译为 private enterprises。【参考答案】The economy of China is known as a “developing market economy”.A developing market economy refers to one tha
26、t puts emphasis on the areas of labor, goods and services, which is set by supply and demand. The economic growth in China has been increasing over the last few years. The average annual growth rate is about 10%. Because its economy continues to develop, the poverty rate in China has decreased. Per
27、capita income has increased over the last three decades by more than 8%.Because of economic changes in 2008, many of the private enterprises were forced to close. It was due to this problem that the national economy had to expand.【原文】每年 4月 4日到 6日左右的清明节是传统的扫墓的日子。在这一天，人们祭悼去世的亲人，到先人的坟头上扫墓。唐朝著名诗人杜牧有一首著名
28、的诗，描述了四月初令人伤感的一幕场景：“清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。”与清明节扫墓的悲哀相反，人们在这个日子怀揣着春的希望。清明时节，阳光明媚，树木和小草吐绿，大自然生机盎然。从古代起，人们就去春游。清明时节，游客遍地。如今，清明节是中国大陆的法定假日。【翻译词汇】清明节 the Qingming Festival 扫墓 tomb-sweeping 去世 depart 唐朝 the Tang Dynasty清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.
29、与相反 in contrast to 春游 Spring outing 中国大陆 mainland China 法定假日 statutory public holiday【参考译文】The Qingming Festival, the traditional tomb-sweeping day, falls on April 4-6 each year. It is a time for remembering loved ones who departed. People visit their ancestors graves to sweep away the dirt. A well-
30、known poem by the Tang Dynasty Du Mu tells of a sad scene in early April: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.” In contrast to the sadness of the tomb-sweeping, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines
31、 brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outing. At this time tourists are everywhere. Today, the Qingming Festival is a statutory public holiday in mainland China.【原文】赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约 2.5公里。这座桥是在公元 605年至公
32、元 616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长 50.82米，宽 10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高 7.23米，跨度为 37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。【翻译词汇】建造 construct 匠师 mason 不可思议的 unusual 弧形桥洞 arch 跨度 span 栏杆 railing柱子 column 龙凤 dragon and phoenix 空腹式的 open-spandrel 占有 oc
33、cupy【参考译文】Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, its made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 met
34、ers high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in
35、 the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.【原文】随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与
36、权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。【翻译词汇】 大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption 追求物质生活 pursue material life购买力 purchasing power 奢侈品 luxury 占 account for 市场份额 market share 从来讲 in regard to炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption 炫耀 show off 与相关 be associated with 社会关系 social tie【参考译文】As China has achieved new heights in its economy
37、and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of lu
38、xuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of s
39、howing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.【原文】几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。【翻译词汇】中国梦 the Chinese dream 改革开放 reform and opening-up 激励 i
40、nspire包容性 inclusiveness 双赢合作 win-win cooperation 扩大 expand民族复兴 national rejuvenation 繁荣的 prosperous 需要 entail稳定健康的 steady and healthy 应对 respond to 外部发展 external development风险 risk【参考译文】The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by th
41、e past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is
42、 the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the
43、 risks and challenges of external development.【原文】中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的 22%。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因， 贫困一直困扰着中国。20 世纪 80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长， 但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发 展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开 发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。【参考答案】China is the largest developing c
44、ountry in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the worlds total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of thei
45、r own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for develop
46、ment-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.【难点分析】1.发展中国家：英语中对应的表达为 developing country，该句结构简单，直译即可。2.人口约占世界总人口的：此句紧接上文，和前面一个分句
47、共享一个主语 China，为了指代清楚并且避免重复，此处的“人口”可译为 its population。表达“(数量、比例上)占”有一个常用的词组 account for。 “世界总人 口”如果直译的话是 the worlds total population或者 the total population of the world，但是由于该分句的主语中已经出现了一次 population,故此处可将 total活用作名词，意为“总数”。3.在过去相当长的时期里：该分句如果直译的话可译为 for a long time in the past，但是根据语境，此处“相当长的时期”指的是“中国历史
48、中的一个很长的时期”，又由于该分句所在句的主语随后紧接着出现，因而可以意译为 for a long period of its history。4.由于诸多原因：此处较为简单，可以有多种译法。“由于”可以用 because of, due to, out of来表达，也可以用一个简洁的单词 for。“诸多”的表达方式也有很多，如 many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而该分句可简洁地译为 for various reasons。5.贫困一直困扰着：表达“被贫困所困扰”较为常用的译法是 be plagued by，由于此处表达的是过去已经发生并且其影响持续到现在的
49、一种状态，因而注意时态要采用现在完成时。此处可译为has been lagued by poverty。6. 20世纪 80年代中期发展相对滞后：该句较长，翻译时要注意平衡句子的结构。“经济发展较快”中的: ;“经济”指的是“中国农村绝大多数地区的经济”，在翻译时可以照此调整一下句子的语序。“滞后”常用 lag behind 来表达。7.中国政府在致力于缓解了贫困现象：该句内容较多，翻译时可以根据语义将该长句拆分成两个独立的句子，即：“中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发。扶贫开发以解决贫困人口的溫饱问题为主要目标，极大地缓解了贫困现象。” “致力于”可以用短语 work on来表达。“扶贫开发”实际上是一个项目，因而可灵活译为 a program for development-oriented poverty relief。【原文】北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够 4到 10个家庭的差不多 20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下
