1、英语题型专项练习阅读理解（教师版）指导教师 :刘志刚最后修订:2012 年 10 月 26 日第 1 页（I） Recently the World Health Organization announced that the disease of smallpox（天花）had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination（种牛痘）Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish
2、to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccinationIn this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798
3、 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination（from the word “vacca” meaning a cow） Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle， but these people never seemed to get smallpoxSo he experimented b
4、y putting the disease into a small opening on the arms of healthy people，and though their arms became painful for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people rushed to their doctors to be vacc
5、inatedIn many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people，and the terrible smallpox began to disappear 1Which of the following is an ineffectual way of preventing the spread of smallpox？ AMost people were vaccinated against the disease at least once BPeople going ab
6、road should promise not to spread the disease CPeople travelling from one country to another must prove they are vaccinated DPeople must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries 2The doctors new discovery was called “vaccination”for the reason that _ Ahe discovered smallpox near a far
7、m Bhe experimented with a disease from the cattle Che was working with cattle in the countryside Dpeople got the disease of smallpox from the cattle 3The news of the discovery _ Acaught peoples attention from all corners of the world Bspread far and near in the western countries Cmade people rush to
8、 Dr Jenner for vaccination Dhelped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpox （I） 【解题思路与答案】 这是一篇具有科普性质的说明文，说明了种牛痘防治天花的始末。第 1 题属细节辨认题，A、C、D 三个选项的内容都可在第一段找到，而“去国外的人应该保证不传播这种疾病 ”在文中找不到根据，故选项 B 正确。第 2 题属细节辨认题，第二段第 1 句 vaccination（from the word“vacca”meaning a cow）即本题答案出处，故选 B 正确。第 3 题属细节辨认题。由第三段第1 句
9、可知，这一消息传到其它国家，不仅仅是西方国家，所以排除选项 B；人们是到医生那里去种牛痘，而不是到 Jenner 医生那里去种牛痘，故排除选项 C；“vaccination”而不是“the news”可使人们免于“天花”这一疾病，故排除选项 D。通过细节的认定，本题正确答案是 A。 （II） Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living spaceThe amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural（文化的）difference，not an econo
10、mic（经济的）oneKnowing your own psychological（心理的）space needs is important because they strongly affect your 第 2 页choices，including，for example，the number of bedrooms in the homeIf you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms，the chances are，if
11、you have two children or more，that you also will offer separate bedrooms for themIn America，for example，they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babiesThis is very rare in the worldIn many other countries，the baby sleeps in the same bed with his
12、parents or in a bed near them The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needsSome families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with itOthers have separate little corners where family members go to be alone Although it is true that psycholo
13、gical space needs are not decided by economic reasons，they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressuresIt is almost impossible，however ，to completely change your psychological space needs 1The first sentence in Paragraph 1“Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of
14、living space”means“_ ” ANo two people need exactly the same amount of living space BLiving space requirements are not always the same CThe world requires the same amount of living space DNobody needs a required amount of living space 2Some families gather closer to each other at home than others bec
15、ause _ Athey have limited living space Bthey are brought up in a large family Cit satisfies their psychological space needs Dthe children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents 3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ AAmericans are trained to live in large rooms at
16、birth BEconomic situation decides ones amount of space needs CPeople in various countries demand different psychological space DKnowing your psychological space needs is important，as it affects your future 4The best title for the passage is _ AAmerican Way of Living BPsychological Space CSpace Needs
17、 in Different Countries DPsychological Space and Economic Pressure （II）本文属议论文。第 1 题属细节辨认题，第一段第 1 句 Not every-one 属部分否定，而选项 A、D 属全部否定，选项 C 为全部肯定，故选项 B 正确。第 2 题为推理判断题，第二段第 1 句 The space （家庭空间也在很大程度上表明了人们心理空间的需要） ，可推出 C 正确。第 3 题属推理判断题，通过第一段后三句美国与其它国家在对婴儿居室的不同安排上，可推断 C 正确。第4 题属概括主题思想题。选项 A、D 分别在第一段和第三段中
18、出现过，并非全文的主旨大意，C也不是全文的主旨大意。选项 B 概括了全文的主题，故选 B 正确。（III） If you want to stay young，sit down and have a good thinkThis is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors，who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result，we are growing old unnecessarily soon Professor Taij
19、u Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason（推理）at a rather early age，and how the 第 3 页speed of getting old could be slowed down With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University，he set about measuring brain
20、volumes（容量）of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain，which have something to do with intellect（智力）and feelings，and decide the human characterAs we all kno
21、w，the back part of the brain，which controls tasks like eating and breathing，does not contract（萎缩）with age Contraction of front and side partsas cells（细胞）die offwas seen in some people in their thirties，but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds Matsuzawa concluded from his tests
22、that there is a simple way to prevent the contractionusing the head The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns Those with least possibility，says Matsuzawa，are lawyers，followed by university professors and doctorsWhite collar workers doing
23、 the same work day after day in government offices are，however as possible to have contracting brains as the farm worker，bus driver and shop assistant 1The team of doctors wanted to find out _ Aat what point people grow mentally old Bhow to make people live longer Cthe size of certain peoples brains
24、 Dwhich people are the most clever 2The doctors tests show that _ Aour brains contract as we grow older Bone part of the brain does not contract Csixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds Dsome peoples brains have contracted earlier than other peoples 3According to the article，_ are g
25、rowing old earlier than people who live in the cities Afarmers Boffice clerks Cshop assistants Dbus drivers 4The most possible conclusion of the passage is that _ Amost of us should take more exercise Bits better to live in the town Cthe brain contracts if it is not used Dthe more one uses his brain
26、，the sooner he becomes old （III）本文属科普题材。第 1 题属概括主题思想题。选项 B 意为“如何使人长寿”；选项 C 意为“某些人大脑的大小”；选项 D 意为“哪些人最聪明”。这三个选项的内容都不是全文的主旨大意，只有选项 A 才概括了全文的主旨大意，故本题选 A 正确。第 2 题属细节辨认题，第五段即本题答案出处。有些人三十几岁时前脑和侧脑萎缩，但有些六、七十岁的人大脑还没萎缩。也就是说，有些人大脑萎缩比其他人早，即选项 D 正确。第 3 题属细节辨认题，第二段和短文最后一句即本题答案出处，正确答案是 A。第 4 题属概括主题思想题。选项 A 意为“我们大多数
27、人应该多锻炼”，并非全文的主题；选项 B 意为“最好住在城里”，这与大脑萎缩无关；选项 D 与本文观点恰好相反，故本题选项 C 正确， “大脑不用就会萎缩”正是本文主题。 （IV ） Bill Robinson is on trial for murder（因谋杀而受审） He grew up in a small town in Ohio and then went to Kent State University for one yearWhen he was nineteen years old，he was asked to join the army and was soon sen
28、t to fight in VietnamHe was very unhappy there as he hated the war and he hated killing peopleTwo years later he returned home and tried to pick up where he 第 4 页had left off，but things were never quite the same again for the young black manFor one thing， he always had terrible dreams about the warH
29、e could not concentrate on his studies and soon he had to leave schoolThen he was fired from one job after anotherHe wanted to meet someone nice and get married，but he just couldnt seem to get close to anyoneHe became angry easily and people avoided himHe was always lonely Finally one day，while eati
30、ng at a restaurant，Bill lost control of himself and shot someone for no reason at allBills lawyer hopes that he will not be held responsible for the shootingHe hopes that the judge and the jury（陪审团）will understand that Bill was“temporarily insane（一时精神错乱） ”and did not really choose to kill anyone 1Wh
31、at did Bill Robinson do after he returned from abroad？ AHe gave up the chance to go back to college BHe tried to go back to his normal life CHe picked up his things and left again DHe found what he had dreamed of 2He failed to complete his college education because he _ Ahated school Bjoined the arm
32、y Cdidnt study hard Dfound it difficult to keep his mind on his studies 3He never married because _ Athere were no nice girls around Bhe didnt care to meet any girls Che hadnt met girls that he liked Dhe found it hard to make friends with girls 4The best title for this article is _ ARobinson on Tria
33、l BMurder at a Restaurant CA Young Black Man DA Victim of the Vietnam War （IV ） 【解题思路与答案】 本篇短文属记叙文体裁，简要叙述了 Bill Robinson 的生平经历，分析了 Bill Robinson 开枪杀人的原因。第 1 题属细节辨认题，短文第 5 句即本题答案出处，正确答案是 B。第 2 题属细节辨认题，从短文第 7 句 He could not concentrate on his studies and soon 可得出本题正确答案是D。第 3 题属推理判断题。从短文第 9 句可知，他想结识某个漂
34、亮的女孩子并与其结婚，但他无法与人接近，所以可推断出，他未婚的原因是“他发现很难交女友”，故正确答案是 D。第 4 题属概括主题思想题。作者在短文中主要描写了 Bill Robinson 参加越南战争后的表现及心理变化，因此，用一名越战受害者作为本篇短文的题目最能概括全文的主旨大意，故正确答案为 D。（V） There are warm tropical regions all over the globe，but only the Indians of the South American rain forests have formed the habit of sleeping in t
35、he open airLong before they made painful acquaintance（相识） with Europeans，they had invented something that was unique on earth ：the hammock Nobody really knows who first had bright idea of making sleeping in the air the symbol of untroubled restThe Indians see the hammock as a“gift of heaven（上天） ”， s
36、omething given to them a very long time ago In it the Indians pass away hot noon hours，napping or chattingSwinging it to and fro（来回摆动）creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insectsThey work and play in hammocks，are born and die there Hung like a suspension bridge between heaven and earth，a h
37、ammock is dry while the soil is damp and is safe from most wild animals 第 5 页Hammocks have the advantage over beds in that they are easy to transport and take up very little space when they have been rolled up（卷起） Indians never go on a journey without their hammocks，not even to their plantations 1Th
38、e word“hammock”in this passage means _ Aa suspension cage which can be swung to and fro in the air Ba seat hanging by two ropes from the branch of a tree Ca suspension bridge in the South American rain forests Da net hung between two supports and used as a bed 2Indians swing the hammock to _ Apray t
39、o heaven for a gift Bkeep away flies，mosquitoes and other insects Ckeep away wild animals Dfall asleep quickly 3According to the passage ，hammocks _ Acannot be rolled up Bare difficult to transport Care never brought to the plantations Dcan be kept dry while the ground is wet 4The passage is about _
40、 Athe Indian way of living Btropical regions CIndians gift for the Europeans Da portable bed （V）本文属史地文化类题材。第 1 题属猜测词义题，第一段第 1 句 the habit of sleeping in the open air，第三段第 1 句 napping or chatting，第三段第 2 句 Swinging it to and fro ，第四段第 1 句 Hung like a suspension bridge ，以上短语和句子则暗示出，hammock 是悬在两个支架或树之间当
41、作床用的“吊床”，故正确答案是 D。第 2 题属细节辨认题。从第三段第 2句 keeps away insects 可得出正确答案为 B。第 3 题属细节辨认题。从第四段 a hammock is dry while the soil is damp 可知，本题正确答案是 D。第 4 题属概括主题思想题。本文最后一段的两句话是对短文的最好总结，本文记述的是“一种可携带的床”，本题正确答案是 D。(VI） When prices are low，people will buy more，and when prices are high，they will buy lessEvery shoppe
42、r knows thisBut at the same time，producers want higher prices for their goods when they make more goodsAccording to the economic（经济的）point of view，changes in the prices of goods cause changes in supply and demand As is shown in the graph（图表） ，people buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes upOn th
43、e contrary，a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand Business firms look for the perfect price at which the largest profits（利润）can be madeIf the price of the shoes goes up to50，the consumers（消费者） will not buy all of 3，000 shoesThe producers will have a surplus（剩余）of 2，000 shoes and they c
44、an only get50，000If the price of the shoes is lowered to10，as many as 5，000 shoes can be soldStill，only50 ，000 is made 1According to this article，the main idea of the first paragraph is that _ 第 6 页Athe lower the price is，the less people will buy Bproducers want to make more money by making fewer go
45、ods Cevery shopkeeper knows the price for goods Dhow changes in prices of shoes affect the number of shoes sold 2From the passage，we can conclude that _ is the best price for the producers to sell the shoes which are worth the highest price A.30 B.20 C.10 D.50 3Which of the following is the best tit
46、le for the passage？ AProducers and Goods BPrice and Quality CShopkeepers and Shoes DSupply and Demand （VI ）这是一篇图表题材的短文。第 1 题属概括主题思想题，第一段主要讲的是鞋的价格变化对其销量的影响，正确答案是 D。第 2 题属推理判断题，根据各价位售鞋数的比率可计算出只有 30美元一双鞋才可获得最高的价值，即 9 万美元，故选 A 正确。第 3 题属概括主题思想题，本文通过揭示商品价格这一经济规律，主要说明商品的生产者与消费者之间的供求关系，正确答案是D。（VII ） New Yor
47、k，10 November5： 27pm，yesterdayBiggest power failure in the citys history Thousands of people got stuck in liftsMartin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building “There were twelve of usBut no one panickedWe passed the time telling stories and playing wor
48、d games One man wanted to smoke but we didnt let himFiremen finally got us out ” “It was the best night weve ever had， ”said Angela Carraro，who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street “We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their traysThe place was fulland all night，in fact，for after we had closed，we let the people stay on and spend the night here ” The zoos had their problems like everyone elseKeepers worked thr
