1、第二章 冠词冠词是置于名词前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标示，它不能离开名词而单独存在。一冠词的分类。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。（一）.不定冠词 a/an。(1).a 用于辅音音素或半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词。例如：a pear ,a uniform , a one, yuan . (2)an 用于以元音音素开头的单词。例如：an apple， an hour，an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩。2.不定冠词的用法。(1)用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一” ，例如：I have a new pencil-box.(2)表示一类人或事物。An elephan
2、t is strong. 大象是强壮的。（3）第一次提到的人或物，例如：Look, a boy is crying in the street.3.用于固定搭配的词组，例如：have a look a lot of have a good time a great deal of (+不可数名词) 大量take a break a number of (+可数名词) 许多take a walk a few (+可数名词)许多in a hurry 急匆匆地 a few (+可数名词 ) 一些half an hour 半小时 a little (+不可数名词) 一些典型例题：( ) There i
3、s _ “c” and _ “m” in the world “classroom”.A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a 正确答案 C解题思路 c 的发音是/si:/,属于辅音音素开头，前面应用 a,而 m 的发音是/em/,属于元音音素开头，前面应用 an，所以 C 是正确的，像这样以元音音素开头的字母还有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。二，定冠词 the定冠词 the 可放在可数名词的单数或复数以及不可数名词的前面。1.定冠词 the 的用法（1） 特指某些人或物，例如：Give me the book.(2)指前
4、面提到过的人防或物，例如：I have a dog. The dog is white.(3)指谈话双方都知道的人或事。What do you think of the film.(4)指宇宙独一无二的东西，例如： The earth ,The moon , The sunThe earth goes around the sun.(5)用于单数名词前表示一类人或事，例如:The horse is an useful animal.(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级前加定冠词January is the first month of the year.一月是一年的第一个月份。Who is the
5、tallest boy in your classroom? 谁是班上最高的男孩？(8)用于方位和位置前。at the top of 在的顶部at the back of 在的后部at the bottom of 在的底部in the middle of 在的中间(9)与“水“有关的名词 ,如海,洋,河,运河,湖。the Changjiang River 长江 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 ， the Yellow Sea 黑海 he West Lake 西湖（10）)用于某些专有名词前，例如：群岛，山脉 the Hawiian Islan
6、ds 夏威夷群岛 the Alps(阿尔卑斯山)报纸,杂志： the New York Times 纽约时报，the Peoples Daily 人民时报公共建筑物：the Great Wall 长城， the White House(白宫）朝代、时态：the Stone Age 石器时代 ， the Ming Dynasty 明朝组织机构： the United Nations 联合国(10)用于含有普通名词的专有名字，例如：the United States of America 美利坚合众国the People of Republic of China 中华人民共和国the Summer
7、 Palace 颐和园(11)用于姓氏复数姓氏前，表示一家人，例如：The Wangs are having dinner now.姓王的一家正在吃晚餐。（12）用于乐器名词前，例如：Play the piano/ the violin/the guitar 弹钢琴/拉小提琴 /弹吉他(13)用于一些形容词或分词之前，表示某一类人，注意后面的动词要复数，例如：the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the living 生者The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊重老年人。2.用于固定搭配的词组。例如：make the b
8、ed 铺床 at the beginning of 在开始的时候lay the table 摆餐具 in the end 最后 on the right/left 在右/左边 to tell the truth 说实话by the way 顺便说法一下 in the morning/afternoon/evening go to the cinema 去看电影 at the moment 此刻on the whole 总之 in the least 一点典型例句( )_ young lady by _ window is my aunt.A. The, a B. A, the C. The,
9、the D.A, a解析：the young lady 中的 the 表示特指某人，by the window 中的 the window 表示谈话双方都知道的是事情。一 零冠词。以下几种情况下不用任何冠词。1. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。January 一月 Sunday 星期日 National Day 国庆假 Christmas Day 圣诞节 New Years Day 元旦 winter 冬天2. 在国名，人名和地名前通常不加冠词，例如：China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Linda 琳达3. 一日三餐前不加冠词，例如：All the
10、 students have lunch at school. 所有学生在学校吃午餐。注意：三餐前不加冠词，但是可以加形容词性的物主代词，例如：I had my breakfast at home this morning.今天早上我在加吃早餐。4. 球类运动或游戏前不加冠词。例如：play basketball/football/volleyball/tennis/ chess6，可数名词复数形式前不加冠词，表示一类：I like apples.Rabbits are lovely.7.表示交通工具或通讯方式的名词前不加冠词。by bus/car/taxi/train/plane on fo
11、ot by radio/telephone/ e-mail 通过收音机/电话/电子邮件8.零冠词的固定搭配的词组，例如：go to school 上学 at schoolgo to town 进城 at nigh 在夜晚 go to bed 睡觉 at noon 在中午at home in hospital (生病)住院典型例题( )_ children are very happy on _ Childrens Day.A.The, the B./,/ C./,the D.A,/I.在下列名词前加上 a 或 an。001._ eraser 011._ coat002. _knife 012_
12、overcoat003. _hour 013. _waiter004. _tiger 014. _actor005. _orange 015. _useful book006. _university 016. _interesting movie007. _melon 017. _ant008. _garden 018. _spider009. _elephant 019. _Chinese boy010. _fox 020. _American girlII.用 a, an, the 或/填空。021. _ moon is bright in _ sky.022.There is_ ora
13、nge skirt on _ bed._ skirt is Marys.023.John goes to _ town by _ car every weekend.024.Peter likes playing _ football.025.Jenny often plays _ piano after _ supper in the evening.026.Where is your grandma? She is taking _ walk in _ garden.027.Peter goes to _ school at 7:30 every morning.028.Where is
14、your classroom? Its on _ third floor.029.In some countries_ the rich are getting richer and _poor are Getting poor.030.My uncle has got a _ dog and _ cat._dog is white and _ cat is brown.031.After _supper, I often watch TV news for half _ hour.032.This is _ shortest way to _ science Museum.033._ boy
15、 in blue is _ tallest student in my class.034.At_ top of the bookshelf, there is_ old picture.035.Well have _ art lesson tomorrow afternoon.III.选择填空。( ) 036. Let me have_ look. Its _ ant.A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an ( ) 037._ sun rises in _ east.A. The, the B.A. / C.A, the ( ) 038.By _ way, its _ onl
16、y pen I have in my pencil-box.A. The, / B. the, the C./, the ( ) 039. Well have _ English lesson in _ afternoon.A. an, / B. a, the C. an, the ( ) 040. _ usually goes to church everyday.A. The Brown B. Browns C. The Browns( ) 041._ Smiths come from _ America.A. The, the B. /,/ C. The, /( ) 042. We pl
17、ay _ badminton under _ tree.A. The, the B./,/ C. a /the( )043 Lets go for _ walk after _ supper.A. a, / B. /, the C. a, the( ) 044. We often play _ basketball in _ afternoon.A. /, / B. /, the C. the, the ( ) 045. I have _ uncle who lives in _ Japan.A. an, / B. a, the C. an, the( )046. There is _ “h”
18、 and _ “d” in the word “hand”.A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a ( ) 047. There is _ old man at _ school gate.A. an, / B. an, the C. the, the ( ) 048.We shall be late if we dont take _ taxi.A. the B. a C./( )049.He is _teacher, _ English teacher.A. a, an B. a, the C. the, the ( ) 050._ Shanghai is one of _
19、biggest cities in China.A. The, the B./, the C./, a( ) 051. London is _ capital of _Britain.A. the, the B. the, / C. /, /( ) 052. What an _ interesting story it is.A. a B. an C. the ( ) 053. It was _hottest day in last summer and I went there by _taxi.A. /, the B. the, a C. the, /( ) 054. _ boy over
20、 there is from _ korea.A. The, / B. A, / C. The, the ( ) 055. Jenny eats _ egg and _ glass of milk in the morning.A. an ,an B. a, a C. an, a ( ) 056. _ English teachers office in on _f third book.A. The, / B. /, the C. The, the ( ) 057. The man took _ bus to buy _English book.A. a, a B. a, an C. /,
21、an ( ) 058. - Where is _ eraser?- Oh, its under _ chair.A. the, the B. /, the C./, /( ) 059. We often play _ table tennis after _ school.A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / ( ) 060. Lets go to _ cinema this weekend , OK?A. a B. the C./IV.阅读短文，根据需要填入适当的冠词 a, an 或 the，在不需要处填/。(1)This is 061. clock. Its on 0
22、62 wall of my room. Maybe you dont know it. Now let me tell you something about it. It has two hand. One is big, 063 other is short. 064 long hand is 065 minute hand and there are 60 minutes in 066 hour. 067 short hand is 068 hour hand and there are 24 hours in 069 day. What time is it now? Its eigh
23、t oclock. I must do my homework now. After that I will go to 070 bed. Goodbye.(2)My name is Mary. I have no school today. I get up in 071 morning. My parents and I go to 072 small village by 073 bus. We visit 074 farmers house. 075 farmers family is very glad to see us. Their house is very big and c
24、lean. Its near a lake. They can catch fish in 076. lake. There are some fruit trees behind his house and there is 077. vegetable garden. Near 078 garden there is 079. small house .Thats for 080. animals. The farmer often sells his chickens, ducks, fish, and vegetables.They are very busy but they are
25、 very happy.V.完形填空。 （1）Whats 081 most important thing is 082 world? I think it is to be happy. We can live without money, house, cars or computers, but we cant live 083. happy life if we are not healthy. Then how can we keep healthy?First, we must eat healthily. We should eat meat, vegetables, fruit
26、 and other kinds of food. Taking exercise is also very important. It can help us build 084. strong body If you dont like sports you can walk for half 085. hour after 086. meals.Second, we must stay happy 087 . I think making friends is on of 088. best ways to help us to stay heathy. Because when we
27、are with our friends , we can share our happiness with them, or we can tell them of our worries. Then we will be happy.089. , keeping healthy is very important . Lets 090. of ourselves.( )081. A/ B. the C.a ( ) 082. A. the B. a C. /( ) 083. A. a B./ C.the( ) 084. A./ B. a C.the ( ) 085. A. the B. a
28、C.an ( ) 086. A. a B. the C./( ) 086. A. a B. the C. /( ) 087. A. all time B. all the time C. all a time ( ) 088. A. a B. the C. / ( ) 089. A. In word B. In a word C. in the world ( ) 090. A. take care B. take the care C. take a care Peter is one of my classmates. He is 091._ honest boy and he is al
29、ways to help others. So he is our monitor. He is good at 092_ maths. He won 093_. First prize in 094._ maths completion last year and won honor for our class. He like English. His pronunciation was regarded as 095. _best in our school when he acted in 096. English play this term. Peter also likes 09
30、7._ sports, especially basketball. He often plays 098._ Basketball with classmates after 099._ School. He can play it very well. He says he wanted to be 100._ basketball player like Yao Ming in the future.( ) 091. A .a B. an C. the ( ) 092. A. a B. the C./( ) 093. A. the B./ C. a ( ) 094. A. an B. the C./( ) 095. A. / B. a C. an( ) 096. A./ B. the C. an( ) 097. A. a B. the C. a ( ) 098. A. a B. the C. / ( ) 099. A. the B. / C. a ( ) 100. A. a B. the
