1、高三英语总复习,语法部分： 冠 词,冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，the是定冠词。,冠 词 （Articles）,（一）. 不定冠词的用法,1. 用在可数名词前表示 “一个” 相当于“one”(类指)。There is a book on the desk.Ill return in a day or two.,2.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个” 相当于“a certain”.A Mr. White is waiting for
2、 you downstairs.,3. 表示 “一类” 相当于“any”(泛指).A horse is a useful animal.,4. 表示 “每一” 相当于“per”.The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen.,5. 用在某些固定词组中.a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of
3、, have a good time, for a while, for a long time,6. 用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a + 抽象名 词，即抽象名词具体化。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.,7. 与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain! A Sprite, please.What a good supper! He bought
4、a Toyota.Please give me a black coffee!,8. “a” 用在辅音开头前, “an” 用在元音开头前.a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridge,There is an “s” in the word “smile”.(f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x),(二). 定冠词的用法,1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物.There is a book on the desk. The boo
5、k is an English book.,2. 表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).Look at the blackboard.Open the door, please.,3. 用在单数可数名词前表示泛指The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.,4. 表示世界上独一无二的东西the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universe but: in nature, in space, in society, in history,5. 用在由普通名词构成的
6、国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific Ocean, the China of 1840, the Paris of the east, the late Mr. Brown,6. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。the second story, the largest room, the third longest river,7. 用在方位
7、名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end,8. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded,9. 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.,10. 弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前Do you like to play the piano or the violin?,11.
8、 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.,12. 年代前In the 1870s/1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, ,13. 在表示阶级、阶层的词前the ruling class, the working people,14. 用在一些习惯用语中。如：in the morning (afternoon, evening), by the way, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/m
9、iddle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home,15. 定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm,pat sb. on the head the elder of the two, the most beautiful of the three The sooner, the better. He got paid by the hour.by the yard/the dozen/the mon
10、th/the piece但：by weight按重量另外:绰号的表达法如下Peter the Great, John the Lion-hearted, William the Conqueror,（三）不用冠词的情况(零冠词),1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China , America, John, Air is a matter. Failure is the mother of success.,But: He is the Mr. Zheng you are looking for.He is a living Lei Feng.The Shanghai of
11、 today is quite different from what it was .Longjing is a famous tea.a heavy rain, a strong wind, a soupIt is a pleasure to talk to him.He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.,2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时This book is mine.,3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, Oc
12、tober, National Daybut: in the spring of that year, I met him on a Monday last month.,4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时Whats this, Mother?He was made monitor. George W. Bush is president of the USA.,5. 学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Do you study mathematics?He likes playing football / chess.,6. 泛指复数名词前Computers are widely
13、 used in our daily life.They are workers.,7. 在与by连用的交通工具名称前by car( bus, train, water, air, land),8. 某些固定词组中(1). 名词词组husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork,(2). 介词词组to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from workin front of / in the front ofat table / at t
14、he tableout of question / out of the questionin charge of / in the charge ofin possession of / in the possession ofby sea / by the sea,9. as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.,10. 系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has be
15、come a writer.,11. 在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.shop after shop, mistake after mistake,12. 形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。 “most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh, its most beautiful. (a most beautiful picture= a very beautiful picture),当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个
16、名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.,当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。 The market in the country is busiest in winter.,形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。 A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.,序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。why you took a
17、second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is a top student in our class, for he often gets a first in maths.,13. no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。 No such thing has ever happened in this village.,14.固定词组 go to school (college, court, prison, work, church) be in school . 比较:He went to college last ye
18、ar.He went to the college last Sunday.,George is _ English boy. His homeland “England” is _ European country. A.a; a B.an; an C.an; a D.a; an _ a faithful animal. A.Dog is B.Dogs are C.A dog is D.An dog is He had done the experiment seven times without success, so he tried _ eighth time. A.a B.an C.
19、the D./ Hangzhou is _ most beautiful city. A.a B.an C.the D./ _ animals sleep under the snow in winter. A.Great many B.Many a C.A great many D.A great deal,C,A,B,C,C,练一练,I came across my first teacher _. A.on a Sunday B.on the Sunday C.on the Sunday D.on Sundays Longjing is _ wonderful Chinese tea.
20、A.a B.an C.the D./ _ who lacks one or both parents is called an orphan. A.A child B.An child C.The child D.Child Where are _ ? A.a pair of slipper B.a pair of slippers C.slippers D.the slippers _ Park Hotel is no longer the highest building in Shanghai now. A.A B.An C.The D./,C,D,A,A,A,The teacher p
21、atted the boys _ affectionately. A.on their head B.on their heads C.on the head D.on the heads We are now living in the room whose windows face _. A.in the south B.in south C.to the south D.to south Her hometown is _ . A.near Mississippi B.near the Mississippi C.in Mississippi D.in the Mississippi A
22、s we all know, _ sun rises in _ east. A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the I like playing _ football, while my sisiter likes playing _ piano. A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the,D,A,B,C,C,Bats sleep in _ daytime and come out of hunt for food at _ night. A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the We celebrat
23、e _ Internationas Womens Day on _ 8th of March. A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the My husband usually does not have much for _ breakfast, but he had _ big breakfast today. A. the; the B. / ; / C. /; a D. a; the My uncle lives in _ Seventh Street in _ London. A. the; the B. /; / C.the; / D. /; the _
24、 is making rapid progress in _ new China. A. The science ; the B. Science; / C. The science; / D. Science; the,B,C,C,D,C,Bill Clinton was elected _ president of the United States in 1992. A. a B. an C. the D./ She was put to _ bed whenever she did something wrong. A.a B.an C.the D./ Jumping out of _
25、 airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A./; the B./; an C.an; an D.the; the - Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A.a; the B.the; the C.the; a D.a; a,D,D,C,D,25. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a m
26、ust in _ international trade today. A.a; / B.the; an C.the; the D./; the 26. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A./ B.a C.the D.one,A,C,冠词的活用,冠词的用法比较广泛，有一定的灵活性。掌握冠词使用的基本规则，也需要注意其使用灵活的特点。,难点：1、弄清使用不定冠词或使用冠词的场合和语境。2、 用与不用冠词的区别。,A、表示世界上独一无二的事物时用_, 但名词前如有_修饰，则用_.,定冠词the,形容词,不定冠词a/an,Ex:
27、 _sun _rising sun,the,a,B、一日三餐的名词前一般_，但如果前边有_修饰，就需加_。,不用冠词,定语,冠词,如：I often have _ lunch at home. We had _wonderful supper.,a,wonderful,C. 表示乐器的名词前，一般要加_，但如果名词前加了_修饰，则用_.,定冠词the,定语,不定冠词,如：He practises playing _ violin everyday.He is playing _ borrowed violin.,the,a,D. 在某些词组，成语或习语中_。,不用冠词,如：by train/b
28、us/taxi/sea/car,试比较： He went there by _ sea. He used to live by _ sea.,the,He goes to work by _ car. He goes to work in _ black car.,a,E. 下列词组中，有无冠词意义不同。,go to school _ go to the school _,上学,去学校,take place _ take the place of _,发生,代替,in front of _ in the front of _,在的前面,在的前部,F、系动词turn（变成）后做表语的名词前不加冠
29、词，但become 后坐表语的名词需加冠词。,My brother turned teacher three years ago.,My brother become a teacher three years ago.,G 、抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面不用加冠词。但特指时，则要用the.,I am fond of _music. (泛指) Do you like _music of the TV play?（特指）,the,H. 定冠词the有时可以用于单数名词前，表示一类人或物。,_powder was invented in ancient China.,The,Good-bye!,
