1、高考英语单选复习探讨,单 项 填 空 题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,命题要点,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广 语境地位突出 交际性原则明确 试题题干新颖 迷惑性较大 灵活性较高,单项填空的命题要点,连词、代词 形容词、副词 介词搭配 惯用短语 短语动词 情态动词 动词语态 句子结构 动词时态 非谓语动词,命题特点近几年的NMET单项选择填空题的命题原则是：“突出语境，强化语意，强调运用”。纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。此类题型的设置旨在测试考生基础知识在特定语境中的应用，词法、习语的识记与理解以及语用能力。由于高考是选拔性的测试
2、，所以单项填空题有一定的难度，这使得我们在此类题目上费时较多又得分率不高。,语境题包含语境信息。题干中的语境信息常是单词、短语或句子，有时甚至是一个标点符号 。准确把握语境信息可以成功地解答单选题。,单项填空的解题指导 要想在分钟内完成15道题且能得到较好的分数，应试者首先必须具备扎实的英语基础知识，然后掌握一定的解题技巧。倘若这两点都能做到，就水到渠成了。下面介绍几种巧做单选题的方法:,解题技巧：,当心陷阱,一.还原法题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。例如：,1. To all of you _ the honor f
3、or the success Abelongs to Bbelong to Cbelongs Dbelong,分析：倒装句，还原后为： The honor for the success belongs to all of you.,c,2. Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns,分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,3.What made he
4、r mother so angry? _the exam. A. Because she did not pass B. Her not passingC. She did not pass D. Because her not passing,分析；将题干改写为：_the exam made her mother so angry.,B,将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。,解题决窍：,二.排除思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这
5、些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：,1.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom.A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping,C,3. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to？ Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen,A,A,4. What do think of the plan? I feel _that we ought to give i
6、t up at once.A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strong,A,2. Global warming pushes the temperature higher _ January in China Afor Bwith Cin Dover,5 . They doubt _it may have been started by candle.A. if B. whether C. that D weather,C,6.- Is there any chance of my borrowing your Ipod?-For how lon
7、g?-_the end of the week. A. Since B. Until C. From D. By,B,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,三.克服汉英差异英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the arm
8、y, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：,Taking Toms car you can experience what crazy drive is.He always _in and out of traffic.flies B. wears C. runs D. moves,B,3. There was once a cruel king _in the castle.A. lived B. who lives C. was living D. living,D,D,2. -I cant repair these until tomorrow ,
9、 I am afraid.-Thats ok. Theres _ A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry,4. Youd better wash the shirt in cold water or the color will_. A. lose B run C go D die,B,留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。,解题决窍：,四. 注意题干惯性此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：,1. Alice. you feed t
10、he bird today, ?But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you,2. -You havent been to Beijing, have you?-_.How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haventC. No, I have D. No, I havent,B,D,3. I hear many people are on the beach after the rainstorm for there _thousands o
11、f kinds of seashells.A. being B. are C. having D. have,B,4. -Id like some more cheese.-Sorry, theres _left. A some B none C a little D few,B,1）补全对话；2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。,解题决窍：,五.区分形近义近词把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：,2. Its _
12、unusual for me to get angry , but I was _shocked by my bosss attitude.A. completely ;fairly B. fairly; quite C. completely ;quite D. quite ;fairly,B,1. The films made by Disney _ all over the world.Aare used to show Bare used to showing Cused to be shown Dused to show,3. _rapid progress has he made
13、that we all admire him. AVery BSuch CSo DHow,B,C,While I dont agree with her , I think her argument was quite cleverly_ A set B put C said D settled,B,1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。,解题诀窍,六. 弄清语言环境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：21. -Good morning, Gr
14、and Hotel.-Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. -_ A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter? C. At your service.,B,1.The three nations were wise enough not _the agreement until they could discuss in further.A. to sign B. signingC. having s
15、igned D. to have signed,2. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont knowwhat country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,A,3. -What are you looking at?-ShihJane. Her eyes are red. She_. has been crying B. had been crying C. cried D. had cried0,A,D,1）身临其
16、境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图； 2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。,解题诀窍,（七） 、插入语干扰 这类题主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂 程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。对策： 去掉插入语,It isnt like Mr. Smith , who is an honest man, _anyone is businessA to cheat Bcheating Ccheats Dcheated,( ),A,2. The shopkeeper did not want to se
17、llfor _ he thought was not enough.Awhere Bhow Cwhat Dwhich,( ),C,3He often stands against the fence and talks endlessly with my father _ gardening problems Ato Btoo Cabout Doff 4. Its not necessary for us to have “ crash diets“ _will make us lose weight.A.that some companies say they B.that some com
18、panies say C. some companies say D. which some companies say that,C,B,( ),( ),（八）、标点符号干扰标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用它决定着句子的单复形式，决定着选词造句等 其他诸多问题。对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词,1. Tom，_ sure to come tomorrowA is Bbe Cwas D would be 2.All the money_, John had to startlooking for a job.A
19、.was cost B. had cost C. having been spent D. having spent3 _，I had to walk home A. There was no bus B. There being no bus C. There were no buses D. There was not a bus,B,C,B,（九）、省略句干扰 对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选择,1.-What made you so happy ? -_.A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam.C. Because
20、I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.2. She is looking so forward as much to his returnas he himself to _ her.A.have seen B. seeing C. see D. having seen,(made me so happy),D,（改） She is looking so forward as much to hisreturn as he himself(is looking forward) to _ her.,B,3. Tom is better at phy
21、sics than Jack, but not _ at chemistry.A.good B.better C. as good D. too good4. -I cant find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday ?-It was in the hotel _ hestayed.A. where B. which C. that D. the one,改：Tom is better at physics than Jack, butnot _ （as ）at chemistry.,C,(that I meet him yesterd
22、ay),A,（十）、排除法 对策：排除选项中的部分选项，缩小选择范围，从而得出答案。,1 There is no one _has dream. A that B but C who D what,B,2 - which of the two computer games did you prefer?-_ A both of them B either of them C none of them D neither of them,B,(十一). 分析句子结构 有些试题的考点本来十分简单，但命题者却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉，出现迷
23、惑。这时，我们只要保持清醒的头脑，仔细分析句子的结构，就会拨开迷雾,1 Ill give you my friends address , _I can be reached most evenings.A which B when C whom D where,D,2 If you want to do the job once more , youd better be more careful _you make mistake. A where B in case C so that D when,B,3 the local government is now planning to
24、locate a new entertainment center _most of the retired are living. A which B in which C where D around which,C,(十二). 当心陷阱,近年来，高考试卷中也常有这种“陷阱“题出现。当同学们遇到这种题时，发现“陷阱”，并迅速地跳出来。,1.Mary couldnt make herself _ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A. paid B. to pay C. pay D. paying,答案解析：此题容易
25、误选C, 其实此题应选A。 pay attention to 是动词短语，起及物动词的作用，在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语herself构成被动关系。,2.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language.A. them B. which C . it D. what答案解析：同学们容易误选B，理由是none前没有并列连词 and 或 but，但B项是一个陷阱。此题的最佳答案应是A，注意此句不是并列句也不是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。逗号后面其实是一个独立结构。translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓
26、语动词（过去分词），所以假若在 translated 前加一个助动词 was，则此题应选(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千万不要想当然，更不要受思维定势的影响。,既不可“轻易下手”，也不可不知所措，而应做到先三思而后行。首先，同学们要认真审题，发现“陷阱”。要灵活地运用语法规则，理顺思路，寻找“陷阱”。其次，要运用多向思维，分析“陷阱”。不要用习惯的、单一的、片面的思维去解题。再次，要去伪存真，识别“陷阱”。要抓住基本知识点及特殊现象，不厌其烦地归纳理解，认清选择题目中的“鱼目”及“珍珠”，避免落入“陷阱”。最后就是要加强验证，跳出“陷阱”。这就要求学习者要有
27、良好的检查验证习惯，掌握验证的方法，即使落入了“陷阱”，也能在验证过程中，,既不可“轻易下手”，也不可不知所措，而应做到先三思而后行。首先，同学们要认真审题，发现“陷阱”。要灵活地运用语法规则，理顺思路，寻找“陷阱”。其次，要运用多向思维，分析“陷阱”。不要用习惯的、单一的、片面的思维去解题。再次，要去伪存真，识别“陷阱”。要抓住基本知识点及特殊现象，不厌其烦地归纳理解，认清选择题目中的“鱼目”及“珍珠”，避免落入“陷阱”。最后就是要加强验证，跳出“陷阱”。这就要求学习者要有良好的检查验证习惯，掌握验证的方法。,解题诀窍,Have a try The car is already full,
28、so there is no _ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area Li Lin came _ in the Englishspeaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds We made Tom _ monitor of our class and _ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the Lucy, as well as her friends,
29、 _ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read Each boy and each girl_reading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to -Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. -OK, I want to buy _. A. it B. that C. one D. the one,7.This is so diffic
30、ult a question _ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Dont be afraid to ask for help _ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.-Can I stay in Beijing for a week? - -No, not that long. Just a _ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man _ us, we finis
31、hed the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 11. In their opinion, this film is _ one than the other two. A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better 12. -Why didnt you study medicine? - -I desired _ into trade, but later I decided to study English. A. going B. to have gone C. t
32、o go D. to going,答案和讲解,1.Mary couldnt make herself _ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A. paid B. to pay C. pay D. paying 答案解析：此题容易误选C, 其实此题应选A。 pay attention to 是动词短语，起及物动词的作用，在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语herself构成被动关系。 2.Was it through Mary , _ was working at a high school , _ you get to know
33、 Tom ?A. who, who B. that, which C. who, that D. who, which 答案解析： 此题应选C, 但是许多学生刚好首先排除了C项，他们认为:（1)非限制性定语从句不用关系代词that引导;（2) 强调句型It be + 被强调部分 + that (who)中，who (that)前不能有逗号。 上述两点是对的，在此句中Was itthat也的确是强调句型，但句中的两个逗号不在强调句型中，它的作用是把非限制性定语从句who was working at a high school与句子其它部分分隔开来。整句话的汉语意思是：玛丽在一所中学工作，你是不
34、是通过她认识汤姆的？,3.Every minute is made full use of _ our lessons.A. studying B. to study C. study D. being studied 答案解析：此题容易误选A,认为动名词作介词的宾语。其实此题应选B，此句是被动句，转换成主动句就成为 we make full use of every minute to study our lessons.。是不定式作目的状语。 4.I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everythi
35、ng B. anything C. something D. nothing答案解析： 此题容易误选B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选A，注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not与everything构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。 ,5. Would you like _ , sir? No, thanks. I have had much. Asome more oranges Ban
36、y more oranges Csome more orange Dany more orange 6.He suggested the person referred _ put into prison.A. is B. be C. to be D. should be 答案解析：此题应选C. referred to 过去分词作定语，be put into prison是宾语从句的谓语部分。学生由于粗心，容易误选B或者D。,答案解析：选C。当用委婉的语气希望得到对方肯定回答的时候，疑问句中的some不能变成any。从答语中的much可判断出前面的名词应该是不可数的。此句话的汉语意思是：先生，
37、还要点橙汁吗？不了，谢谢，我已喝了很多了。,7.Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. _. ASo it is BSo is it CSo does it DSo it does 8.“Is there _ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.” A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody答案解析：此题容易误选A，认为这是一般疑问句，要用anybody。其实此题应选B
38、，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob和Tim两人请假了。”,答案解析：此题容易误选B, 平时同学们经常练习和so有关的倒装句：so放在句首，表示前面的肯定内容也适用于另一个人或物。其结构为：so +助动词+主语 。因此在未完全理解题意时，就主观地选择了B。其实最佳答案为A。本题考查“so+主语助动词“结构，用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的“、“对“或“确实如此“。此句话的汉语意思是： 哎， 我真地认为这兔子是一只漂亮温顺的动物，跑得很快。 确实如此。,9.“I think the teacher is wrong, _?” “No, I don
39、t think so.” A. dont you B. dont I C. doesnt he D. doesnt she 答案解析：此题容易误选C或D，因为按照语法规则，I think后接宾语从句时，其反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是退一步，即使按此规则，其反意疑问句也应是isnt he或isnt she之类的，而不是像C或D那样用doesnt he和doesnt she。综合四个选项，最佳答案为A，dont you为dont you think so之省略。 10.Dont you know _, my dear friend, it is you that she loves?A. who
40、 B. which C. that D. what 答案解析：此题容易误选A或B，选A者认为这是指人的，故用who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，that引导的是一个宾语从句（用做动词know的宾语），它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成：My dear friend, dont you know that it is you that she loves?,11. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best
41、time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until 12.If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not答案解析：此题应选A。If not, not.为If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.之省略，全句意为“如果天气好,我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词
42、not。,答案解析：此题容易误选C, 把the garden看成是先行词，以为是where引导的表地点的定语从句。其实此题应选B。这是when引导时间状语从句。此句话的汉语意思是：他把小树在最合适的时候移植到花园。,14.Shes too thin. She _ gain some weight but she _ too little. A. would, ate B. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate答案解析：此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致概括出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首She
43、s too thin这一所给信息可知，“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，“吃得少”就会导致“瘦”，“吃得多”就会导致“胖”，根据句首的信息，“她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，因此第二空应填eats(即用一般现在时表示现在的事实)。根据上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为现在的事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词but)，所以第一空应填would，其实，此句可理解为其后省略了一个条件状语if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选C。,13.- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg e
44、very day ?- _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting答案解析： 此处回答why, 因而答案选C. 作目的状语。,15. What should I do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 16.She cant help _ the house b
45、ecause shes busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned答案解析：此题容易误选B，简单地套用cant help doing sth这一结构。其实此题应选A，注意以下两个结构均可用，但是含义不同：cant help doing sth =禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事；cant help to do sth =不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法，一般辞书均将其作为固定搭配列出来，许多老师对此也比较强调，从而就使同学们形成了思维定势；而后者为help表示“帮助”时的本义用法，因同学们平时对此不大注意，一看到上面的试题马上就联想到cant help doing sth这一结构，从而误选了B。,
