1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,直接引语和间接引语,定义,直接引语：直接引述别人的话，要加引号 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号Mr. Black said, ”I like playing football.” (直接引语) Mr. Black said that he liked playing football. (间接引语),陈述句的转化,陈述句的转化：1）人称的变化 2）时态的变化 3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,）人称的变化,一 随 主,二随宾,三 不 变,引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第
2、二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that sheliked tennis,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early”,He told Lily thatshe must get upearly,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that they wanted help him,陈述句,陈述句,如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。He
3、 says, “Im not good at math. ”He says that he is not good at math.,2）时态的变化,陈述句,2）时态的变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去式，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,不变,过去完成时,一般现在时 He said, “ I cant do it myself.”,一般过去时, He said that he couldnt do it himself.,陈述句,现在进行时 He said, “ I am reading the book.”,过去进行时, He
4、 said that he was reading the book.,陈述句,现在完成时 He said, “ I have not heard from him since May.”,过去完成时, He said that he had not heard from him since May.,陈述句,一般过去时 He said, “ I came to help you.”,过去完成时, He said that he had come to help me.,陈述句,过去完成时He said, “ I had finished my homework before supper.”
5、,不变, He said that he had finished my homework before supper.,陈述句,一般将来时 He said, “ Ill do it after class.”,过去将来时, He said that he would do it after class.,陈述句,3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,陈述句,that，those,then,that day,the day before,the next day,that week,the next week,there,go,注意： 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
6、 He said“ Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound.” 如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天、当月、当年转述today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。,陈述句,祈使句,祈使句的转化：1）肯定句的转化 2）否定句的转化,转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的V原变为带to的不定式，并在不定时的前面加上tell, ask, order等动词。She said to us, “Plea
7、se sit down.”,祈使句,She asked us to sit down.,如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式的前面加not。He said,“ Dont make so much noise, boys.”,祈使句,He told the boys not to make so much noise.,疑问句,疑问句的转化：1）一般疑问句的转化 2）特殊疑问句的转化,一般疑问句 变为间接引语时，要构成以连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，句末用句号。 主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。He said,“ Are you interested in English?”没
8、有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语。 He said, “Did you see him last night?”,疑问句,He asked me if/whether I was interested in English.,He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.,特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时，构成用原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 将疑问式改为陈述句结构，句末用句号。“ What do you want?” he asked me.He asked me, “Why did you come so late?”,疑问句,He a
9、sked me what I wanted.,He asked me why I had come so late.,1.当直接引语是陈述句：由( that) 引导 主语+ (said) that+句子（时态往过去推)told 2.当直接引语是一般疑问句: 用 if引导whether 主语+(asked) if +一般疑问句(主谓结构）whether 3.当直接引语是祈使句时常用句型： 主语+ told sb. (not) to do sth.askedordered 4.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时:用原来的特殊疑问词引导 主语+asked+ what+特殊疑问句(主谓结构)where,总结,Goodbye，Boy and girls!,
