1、,Unit 4The Temple of Heaven: Reverence with Awe and Gratitude,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Content,Lead-in,Watch a video clip of The Temple of Heaven, and try to take down some words that used to describe it,.,Answer: a slice of heaven, mysterious, interesting, stone-and-wood, wonderful,Introduction
2、,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Holding Nature in Awe,Humanity and Heaven in Communion,Text study,Introduction,The Temple of Heaven was constructed during the reign of Emperor Yongle (r.1403-1424) of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and completed in 1420, about the same time as the Forbidden City.
3、,When Emperor Yongle moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing in 1420, it was at the Temple of Heaven that he performed the important ritual of paying tribute to Heaven and Earth.,Emperor Yongle,Introduction,Nearly 600 years later, the Temple of Heaven still stands intact in the south of Beijing.,I
4、t not only presents a beautiful spectacle, but also represents the Chinese pursuit of harmony between Heaven and mortals.,Introduction,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,The emperor used to offer oblations (祭献) to Heaven here twice a year, in the spring and winter.,The Hall of Prayer for Good Harve
5、sts (祈年殿) was the site of the spring rituals, where the emperor and the ministers would gather for the ceremony signified by the name of the hall.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Note: 祈年殿是皇帝每年正月上辛日举行祈谷礼的地方，据说设计时以圆形平面象征天，以四龙井柱象征四季，以十二根金柱和檐柱分别象征十二月和十二时辰。,On the
6、 Winter Solstice (冬至), they would make offerings at the Circular Mound Altar (圜丘坛), to show their gratitude for the great compassion (同情) of Heaven toward the human world.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,圜丘坛全景 A birds-eye view of the Circular Mound Altar,Note: 圜丘坛为每年冬至日祭天处，为汉白玉石砌的三层露天圆坛，围绕着石雕栏杆。
7、,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,In times of drought or flood, the emperor would come the Circular Mound Altar with civil and military officials to pray for assistance from Heaven.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Only the emperor could pray at the Temple of Heaven. Ordinary people were not a
8、llowed access. Yet the idea of showing awe and respect to Heaven was not reserved for the emperor alone, but was shared by the people as well.The worship of Heaven among the Chinese dates back to over 3,000 years ago.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Traditional Chinese view on heaven,Our ancesto
9、rs believed that Heaven, also known as the “Heavenly Deity (天神)” or “Heavenly Emperor (天帝)“, was the mysterious force that directed all things on Earth, such as natural harvests and personal fate.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,Natural disasters on Earth were regarded as warnings to people for
10、wrongdoings of one kind or another. And calamity (灾害) was taken as the punishment from Heaven.,In the second year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (r. 1875-1908), the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was burned down in a big fire. The emperor lost his composure (镇静) at the news and all the ministers
11、turned ashen, believing the disaster to be a bad omen (预兆) from Heaven.,Ceremonial Offerings of the Emperor,To the ancient Chinese, however, Heaven was more inclined toward love and tolerance, punishing people only occasionally. Thus, our forebears were always grateful to Heaven.,Ceremonial Offering
12、s of the Emperor,Holding Nature in Awe,The color,While blue is the thematic color, the three main structures of the Temple of Heaven all stand on triple-terraced white foundations. The colors used invoke a strong sense of purity and sublimity (祟高)qualities the Chinese attribute to Heaven.,The layout
13、,Careful visitors will notice the centripetal (向心的) structures of the two main buildings: the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.This type of architecture gives one a sense of reaching up to Heaven while ascending the steps.,Holding Nature in Awe,Humanity and Heaven in Com
14、munion,Ancient Chinese believed that people could communicate with Heaven, and the Temple of Heaven was built to enable this.,The echo of sound at the Circular Mound Altar and the Imperial Vault of Heaven (皇穹宇) are evidence of what our forebears believed to be communicating with Heaven.,Humanity and
15、 Heaven in Communion,皇穹宇：祭天所用“皇天上帝”牌位平时即贮于此，是座圆形单檐攒尖蓝琉璃瓦顶建筑，殿有八根内柱，上部挑出镏金斗拱，承圆形天花，宛如伞盖。,If you stand on the Heavenly Heart Stone on the Circular Mound Altar, you can hear your voice rise from underneath your feet and echo back from the wall around the Altar. The resounding echo, according to the des
16、igners, represents Heavens reply to whatever the speaker asks for.,Humanity and Heaven in Communion,When you stand inside the outer wall of the Imperial Vault of Heaven, and speak into the wall, a friend at a point farther away along the wall can hear your voice; it resembles making a phone call to
17、someone.,Humanity and Heaven in Communion,Echo wall,Humanity and Heaven in Communion,This phenomenon, due to the much shorter length of the sound waves compared to the radius of the round wall, gave rise to the nickname “echo wall“ for the outer rim of the Vault.,Exercises,Comprehension,Communicatio
18、n,Application,Comprehension,l. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.,_1) The Temple of Heaven and the Forbidden City were completed almost at the same time.,_2) The emperor used to make offe
19、rings to Heaven at the temple twice a year.,_3) Ancient Chinese people regarded disasters as punishment from Heaven.,T,T,T,_4) The main color of the buildings for the temple is yellow.,F,_5) You can reach up to Heaven while ascending the steps of the buildings.,_6) According to the designers, the He
20、avenly Heart Stone can give Heavens reply to whatever the mortals ask for.,F,T,Comprehension,1. Read the passage carefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information.,1) The area of the Temple of Heaven is times that of the Forbidden City.,2) The emperor might also come to the Tem
21、ple of Heaven in times of drought or flood in order to .,3) Our ancestors were always grateful to Heaven because _.,II. Careful Reading,Comprehension,nearly five,pray for assistance from Heaven,Heaven was more inclined toward love and,tolerance, punishing people only occasionally,4) To the Chinese p
22、eople, _ are qualities of Heaven.,6) The principle of the “echo wall“ is that _ _ _.,5) The centripetal structures of the two main buildings give one a sense of _.,Comprehension,purity and sublimity,reaching up to Heaven while ascending the steps,compared to The radius of the round wall, the length
23、of the sound waves is much shorter,1) triple-terraced,5) tablet,2) foundations,3) tiers,4) flagstone,三层的,台基,排,石板,檐板,2. The following are the words and expressions related to Temple of Heaven. Translate them into Chinese.,Comprehension,6) altar,7) echo wall,8) thematic color,9) centripetal structures
24、,祭坛,回音壁,主色调,向心结构,Comprehension,The following is a tour guide to the Temple of Heaven. The paragraphs are given in the wrong order. You are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent passage. The map below is for your reference.,Communication,Communication,A. The temples main building is
25、 the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, where the emperor prayed for good harvests. It is a magnificent triple-gabled circular building, 30 meters in diameter and 38 meters tall, built on three levels of marble stone base. The building is completely wooden, without any nails.,B. The Imperial Vault of
26、 Heaven is a single-gabled circular building, built on a single level of marble stone base. It is located south of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests and resembles it in shape, but is smaller. It is surrounded by a smooth circular wall, the Echo Wall, that can transmit sounds over long distances.
27、The Imperial Vault is connected to the Hall of Prayer by the Vermilion Steps Bridge, a 360-meter-long upward walkway that slowly ascends from the Vault to the Hall of Prayer.,Communication,C. The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing, in Xuanwu District. It was ins
28、cribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as “a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony of great importance for the evolution of one of the worlds great civilizations.“ The symbolic layout and design of the Temple o
29、f Heaven had a profound influence on the architecture and city planning in the Far East over many centuries.,Communication,D. The temple consists of two parts: the inner altar and the outer altar. The main buildings are in the inner altar on the north-south axis. At the southern end are the Imperial
30、 Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar, and at the northern end are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests and the Hall of Imperial Zenith.,Communication,E. Around the Hall of Abstinence are two imperial ditches and they are circled by a 163-bay walkway. The Abstinence Bronze Man Pavilion and T
31、ime and Memorial Tablets Pavilion are at the Celestial Terrace of the main hall. To add the solemnity of the occasion, the bells in the two bell towers at the northeast end were tolled when the emperor pray for good harvest.,F. The Circular Mound Altar is the altar in nature, located south of the Im
32、perial Vault of Heaven. It is an empty circular platform on three levels of marble stone, where the Emperor prayed for favorable weather. It was built in 1530 by the Jiajing Emperor and rebuilt in 1740.,C,D,A,B,F,E,Communication,Application,The following is a passage about the Temple of Earth. The underlined sentence is taken from the passage. Choose the best place where the sentence could be put from A, B, C and D.,For thousands of years, the Chinese have believe that important cosmic things could be symbolized using common shapes and directions.,Application,Thank You!,
