中国文化英语教程Unit 8.ppt

1、,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Content,Lead-in,忆昔（其二） 忆昔开元全盛日，小邑犹藏万家室。 稻米流脂粟米白，公私仓廪俱丰实。 九州道路无豺虎，远行不劳吉日出。 齐纨鲁缟车班班，男耕女桑不相失。 杜甫,How do you understand the followingpoem? What does it describe?,Lead-in,How much do you know about the following painting? What does it describe?,Lead-in,The Great Tang Dynasty

2、the largest Chinese painting in China.settled in Sofitel Wanda Beijing Hotel.Length: 9 meters Height: 6 meters,Additional Info,Lead-in,The giant painting is drawn by famous contemporary painter Shi Qi (石齐).,Additional Info,It reproduces the peace and prosperity, vast territory, and national harmony

3、during the Tang period,Introduction,Arts from All Corners of the World,Religious Diversity,Seeking Buddhist Truths,Text study,Changan as an International Metropolis,Introduction,“Is it not a pleasure to meet friends from afar?”,Confucius attitude shows that the Chinese have always highly respected f

4、riends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.,“Good governance makes ones neighbors happy and attracts people from faraway places to come and learn from you” (悦近邻，来远人),Introduction,The prosperous Tang Dynasty best exemplified the open and inclusive spirit of Chinese culture as advocated

5、 by Confucius.,Instead of denial or confrontation, the Tang, from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards, tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with, leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.,Arts from All Corners of the World,宫乐图 Song-and-music Perform

6、ance at the Court, by Zhou Fang (birth and death dates unknown), Tang Dynasty,Arts from All Corners of the World,Music,Both the Tang and the preceding Sui Dynasty (581-618) presented large-scale song and dance performances at court banquets and ceremonies.,Dance,Pottery,Arts from All Corners of the

7、World,Music,Sui Dynasty: nine-section musical symphony (九部乐),The nine-part and the ten-part musical works included not only Han music and Xinjiang regional music, but also elements from foreign cultures, including India, Myanmar (缅甸) and Cambodia (柬埔塞).,Tang Dynasty: ten-section musical symphony (十部

8、乐),Arts from All Corners of the World,Love for music from other lands was prevalent not only among the imperial family and the nobility, but also among the common people.,“Every household in Luoyang is eager to learn the music of diverse nationalities,” vividly describes the atmosphere of that time.

9、,Arts from All Corners of the World,Musical instruments,pipa 琵琶 (from India and Persia),Arts from All Corners of the World,bili 筚篥 (bamboo pipe with a reed mouthpiece, From Persia),Arts from All Corners of the World,konghou 箜篌 (plucked instrument with five to 25 strings) (from India),Arts from All C

10、orners of the World,horizontal flute 横笛 (originally called qiang flute, from India),Arts from All Corners of the World,Note,Melody on Splendid Fairy Costumes: 霓裳羽衣曲 中国唐代大型乐舞套曲，音乐情调幽雅清丽，接近“清乐”的风格，属于“法曲”，着力渲染虚无缥缈的天外世界，反映了当时一种求仙访道的思想。,Melody on Splendid Fairy Costumes is said to have been composed by E

11、mperor Xuanzong after he paid a visit to the moon.,Arts from All Corners of the World,Brahman Melody: 婆罗门曲 为天竺舞曲，从西域、中亚诸国的通道传入唐朝。,Actually, the emperor had adapted the piece from the Brahman Melody of the Western Regions. Therefore. it can be regarded as the fruit of the harmonizing of the music of

12、the Han and other nationalities.,Note,Arts from All Corners of the World,Dance,Swirling Dances: from an area in todays Uzbekistan(胡旋舞)Jumping Dances: from near present-day Tashkent(柘枝舞),Arts from All Corners of the World,Swirling Dances (胡旋舞),Arts from All Corners of the World,Jumping Dances (柘枝舞),柘

13、枝妓 平铺一合锦筵开，连击三声画鼓催。 红蜡烛移桃叶起，紫罗衫动柘枝来。 带垂钿胯花腰重，帽转金铃雪面回。 看即曲终留不住，云飘雨送向阳台。白居易,Arts from All Corners of the World,三彩女俑 Tri-colored glazed pottery statue if a lady with a lovely smile, Tang Dynasty,Pottery,Arts from All Corners of the World,陶黄釉持琵琶女俑 Pottery statue of a female pipa player, Tang Dynasty,Art

14、s from All Corners of the World,陶画彩胡人俑 Colored pottery of a man of minority origin, Tang Dynasty,Arts from All Corners of the World,三彩俑 乐师骑骆驼 Tri-colored pottery of a camel carrying musicians, Tang Dynasty,Religious Diversity,1. Christianity 基督教,2. Zoroastrianism 琐罗亚斯德教(袄教),3. Manichaeism 摩尼教,Religi

15、ous Diversity,Nestorius, the founder, was condemned for practicing heresy (异教) and expelled by the Roman Church in 431. He later died in exile in the deserts of western Egypt. His followers seceded (脱离) from the Roman Church and started spreading their religion to the east. Olopen, one of their arch

16、bishops (大主教), arrived in Changan in 635 with his retinue (一批随员), calling themselves “Nestorians”.,Nestorianism, a branch of Christianity, was introduced into China during the reign of Emperor Taizong.,Christianity,Religious Diversity,Zoroastrianism originated in Persia, where it was twice establish

17、ed as the state religion. It had been introduced by Suguda merchants entering China in the early 4th century, and was officially recognized in the early Tang Dynasty.,Zoroastrianism (琐罗亚斯德教 / 袄教),Religious Diversity,Manichaeism had been created by Mani, a Persian, later banished (流放) by the Zoroastr

18、ians. After Mani was persecuted (迫害) to death by the Persian king Bahram I in 277, his followers fled abroad, spreading their religion to many other places. It has been documented that Manichaeism reached the inlands of China as early as the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Empress Wu, who ruled the Tang E

19、mpire from 690 to 705, approved the teachings of Manichaeism as well.,Manichaeism (摩尼教),Seeking Buddhist Truths,Xuanzang (玄奘)Yijing (义净),Not only did the Tang Empire open its doors to overseas friends and embrace foreign cultures, many of its people also went abroad to study local cultures.,Two of t

20、he most outstanding examples:,Seeking Buddhist Truths,Xuanzang (602-664) left China for South Asia in 627, and returned to Changan in 645.,During those 17 years, he visited and studied Buddhism in more than 100 small states in the Western Regions and in and around what is now South Asia. He brought

21、home 657 sets of Buddhist scriptures.,Seeking Buddhist Truths,Emperor Taizong appointed more than 50 learned monks to help Xuanzang translate the scriptures.,Xuanzang worked as the chief translator and worked day and night over the next 19 years and translated 75 sets of scriptures in l,335 volumes.

22、,Seeking Buddhist Truths,Xuanzang also dictated the 12-volume Tang- dynasty Records of the Western Regions, written down by his disciple Bianji.,Seeking Buddhist Truths,The book recounted what Xuanzang had experienced or heard about in the 138 countries or states in the Western Regions, including th

23、eir geography, transport, climate, products, peoples, languages, history, religions, politics, economies, cultures, and customs.,Contemporary scholars today regard the book as a rare reference for the study of South Asian history and philosophy, as well as religious and literary history.,Seeking Bud

24、dhist Truths,Yijing (635-713) also traveled to South Asia to study Buddhism, but he took the sea route.,He left Guangzhou in 671, and traveled through Sumatra to arrive in India. He brought back 400 sets of Buddhist scriptures.,Seeking Buddhist Truths,Emperor Zhongzong set up a translation institute

25、 for Yijing at the Dajianfu Temple (大荐福寺) in Changan. As many as 83 translators worked for 16 years, to accomplish the translation of 56 scriptures in 230 volumes. These included 13 people from other lands, as well as 32 officials, of whom 11 were prime ministers.,Changan as an International Metropo

26、lis,Changan was probably the largest metropolis (大都会) in the world at the time.,nearly 10,000 meters from east to westmore than 8,000 meters from north to south more than a million people lived in the 84- square-kilometer city,Changan as an International Metropolis,Daming Palace (大明宫),Changan as an

27、International Metropolis,Its open and inclusive attitude toward foreign cultures enabled Changan to develop into the most prosperous international metropolis in the world of the time. Foreign envoys, merchants, and students were a common sight in the city.,The Honglu Temple received envoys from more

28、 than 70 countries, most coming in large groups.,Changan as an International Metropolis,Japan sent more than ten delegations of “envoys to the Tang”, with delegates from all walks of life, including students, scholar monks, craftspeople, and specialists in different fields.,Every delegation consiste

29、d of several hundred people, the largest group numbering as many as 800.,One to two hundred students from Silla studied regularly in Changan.,Changan as an International Metropolis,Both aristocrats (贵族) and the common people were keen on foreign apparel (服饰), foods and customs.,“Minority Folk Fashio

30、ns”: highly popular apparel in Changan: “Minority Fashions” 胡服;capes 披肩Polo (马球): a Persian sport popular during the TangWine shopschorus girls (胡姬),Exercises,Comprehension,Communication,Application,Comprehension,Skimming and ScanningGo through the passage quickly and answer the following questions

31、briefly.,1) What are the quotations in the first paragraph used to show?,2) What is the attitude of Tang Dynasty toward other cultures?,The first quotation in the first paragraph is used to show that the Chinese have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.

32、,Tang Dynasty tolerated and absorbed elements from all foreign cultures.,Comprehension,3) What art forms are mentioned in Paragraphs 3and 4 to illustrate the harmonizing of arts between ancient China and other nationalities?,They are mainly music and dance.,4) What did Emperor Taizong do to welcome

33、Nestorianism?,To welcome Nestorianism, Emperor Taizong appointed Prime Minister Fang Xuanling to welcome them and assigned the imperial library to them to translate their religious scriptures. The government even provided funds for the newcomers to build a church in the capital city.,Comprehension,5

34、) What was Empress Wus attitude toward Manichaeism?,Empress Wu approved the teachings of Manichaeism.,6) What do the examples of Xuanzang ang Yijing show?,The examples of Xuanzang and Yijing show that the Tangs openness enabled many of its people also went abroad to study the local cultures.,Compreh

35、ension,7) Why could the Tang capital Changan be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time?,The Tang capital Changan could be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time because of its enormous size, large population and large number of foreign visitors.,8) Why are Li

36、Bais poems quoted in Paragraph 13?,Li Bais poems are quoted in Paragraph 13 to prove that it was a vogue to patronize wine shops with these chorus girls, culture introduced to China from west regions.,Comprehension,II. Careful Reading1. Read the passage carefully and fill in the following table.,1)

37、The Imports of Sui and Tang Dynasties,Comprehension,Comprehension,Key:,Comprehension,2) Xuanzang and Yijings Trips,Comprehension,Key:,Comprehension,2. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage.,1) 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。,Is it not a pleasure to meet frien

38、ds from afar?,2) 悦近邻，来远人。,Good governance makes ones neighbors happy and attracts people from faraway places to come and learn from you.,Comprehension,3) 胡姬貌如花，当垆笑春风。,As beautiful as flowers, /The minority women smile like the spring breeze in the wine shops.,4) 落花踏尽游何处，笑入胡姬酒肆中。,With nowhere to visi

39、t at the end of spring, /Smiling I enter a wine shop with women from other lands.,Communication,Journey to the West is a fairy tale of the legendary experience of the Buddhist monk Xuanzangs pilgrimage to India during the Tang Dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist scriptures. Tell what you know about

40、the novel?,Application,The following is a passage on Tang poems. The underlined sentence is taken from the passage. Choose the best place where the sentence could be put from A, B, C and D.,Tang poems in particular remain the most popular out of every historical era of China,Application,The Tang per

41、iod was a golden age of Chinese literature and art. There are over 48,900 poems penned by some 2,200 Tang authors that have been popular until modern times. A Perfecting ones skills in the poem writing became a required study for those wishing to pass imperial examinations. Poetry was also heavily c

42、ompetitive, and poetry contests amongst distinguished guests at banquets and gatherings of social elite were common in the Tang period.,Application,Poetry styles popular in the Tang included gushi and jintishi, with the renowned Tang poet Li Bai (701-762) famous for the former style, and Tang poets

43、like Wang Wei (701-761) and Cui Hao (704-754) famous for their use of the latter. B Jintishi poetry, or regulated verse, is in the form of eight-line stanzas or seven characters per line with a fixed pattern of tones that required the second and third couplets to be antithetical (although the antith

44、esis is often lost in translation to other languages). C,Application,This great emulation (伤效) of Tang era poetry began in the Song Dynasty; during that period, Yan Yu (严羽) asserted that he was the first to designate the poetry of the Glorious Age of Tang Dynasty (c. 713-766) as the orthodox (正统的) material with “canonical (典范的) status within the classical poetic tradition”. D Yan Yu reserved the position of highest laurel of all Tang poets for Du Fu (712-770), who was not viewed as such in his own era, and was branded by his peers as an anti-traditional poet.,Key: C,Thank You!,