1、,Unit 5Eco-awareness in Traditional Chinese Culture,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Content,Lead-in,Watch a video clip of the English documentary Home, and notice the eco-philosophy it holds.,Introduction,The Philosophy of “Life”,Ecological Aesthetics,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Text study,I
2、ntroduction,Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.,Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.,Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy,The main idea of eco-ethics and eco-philosophy is
3、to replace “human-centrism (人类中心主义)” with “eco-holism (生态整体主义)”. It holds that all living things in the earths biosphere are entitled to equal rights similar to those of human beings, or the rights to survival and development.,Introduction,When we examine traditional Chinese culture, we also find fr
4、om ancient times a strong eco-consciousness that is at one with eco-ethics and eco-philosophy.,采菊东篱下 悠然见南山,山气日夕佳 飞鸟相与还,Introduction,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Traditional Chinese philosophy is a philosophy of “life”.,Confucius “Heaven is the source of all living things.” The “creation of life” is
5、the “Heavenly Way (天道)” and the “Heavenly Destination (天命)”.,The Book of Changes (Yijing) “The continuous creation of life is change (生生之谓易).” The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life (天地之大德曰生).“,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Mencius “(One should) love ones family, love the people, and l
6、ove all living things in the world (亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物).”,Confucian thinkers of later generations carried on the idea of “Heaven and Earth giving birth to all life (天地生物之心)”, and thus emphasized love for and kindness toward all living things.,Many prominent Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)
7、 echoed their masters view on life.,周敦颐,程颐,张载,程颢,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures (养育) life through yin (天以阳生万物，以阴成万物).”Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073),Note: Zhou Dunyi: 周敦颐。北宋理学家，曾撰写太极图书和通书。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,周敦颐,“The nature of life is love (生之性便是仁).” Ch
8、eng Yi (1033-1107),Note: Cheng Yi: 程颐。称伊川先生，河南府（今河南洛阳）人，与程颢为兄弟，世称“二程”，同受学于理学创始人周敦颐，后建立了自己的理学体系。,程颐,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my companions (民吾同胞，物吾与也).“Zhang Hengqu (1020-1077),Note: Zhang Hengqu: 张横渠，名载，字子厚，北宋哲学家，人称横渠先生。理学支
9、脉“关学”创始人，反对“有生于无”的思想，提出“太虚”即“元气”、“气”，是万物生成的本源。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“Those with love regard themselves as the same as other living things in the world (仁者以天地万物为一体).”Cheng Hao (1032-1085),Note: Cheng Hao: 程颢。称明道先生，为程颐兄弟。“二程”为理学的奠基者。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Note: Zheng Banqiao: 郑板桥。清代著名画家
10、，“扬州八怪”的主要代表，以三绝“诗、书、画”闻名于世的书画家、文学家。,“I loved all living things in the world, be it an ant or an insect. This was the will of Heaven, and that human beings should understand Heavens will.”Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765),The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Related to eco-ethics and eco-philosophy is the eco-aesth
11、etics of traditional Chinese culture.,瘦西湖 Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, a scene of vibrant life,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Ancient Chinese thinkers regarded nature, with human beings included in it, as the world of life. All living things in the world have their o
12、wn life and state of being.,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Love for all living things in the world and appreciation for their state of being can often be found in ancient works of art and literature.,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Art,Dong Qichang (1555-163
13、6), a famous painter of the late Ming Dynasty, explained that, most artists enjoyed a long life because everything they observed was full of life.,Note: Dong Qichang: 董其昌。“华亭派”的主要代表，精于书画鉴赏，其书画风格名重当世，并成为明代艺坛的主流。,Dong You, collector and connoisseur (鉴赏家) of the Song Dynasty, emphasized that artists sh
14、ould depict (描绘) the state of life, which exists in nature. Therefore, artists should observe and learn from nature.,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Wang Gai (1654-1710) of the Qing Dynasty compared the happiness of fish in their natural world to that of humans in their natural world.,Note: W
15、ang Gai: 王概。擅诗画，传世作品有康熙玉山观画图轴等；且擅诗文，著有澄心堂纸赋称于时。,Humans at One with Other Living Things,A work of Wang Gai,Literature,In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, when Chinese poetry reached the apex (预点) of development, birds and flowers were often depicted as if they had human feelings.,感时花溅泪 恨别鸟惊心
16、,落花人独立 微雨燕双归,Humans at One with Other Living Things,In Strange Tales from Make-do Studio (Liaozhai Zhiyi), by Pu Songling (1640-1715), human beings and other living things are described as being of the same kind. Many of the stories tell of love between men and beautiful women incarnated (化身的) from
17、plants or animals.,Note: 1. Strange Tales from Make-do Studio:聊斋志异。清代文言短篇小说集，蒲松龄撰，合计近500篇。故事来源非常广泛，具有很高的思想价值和独特的艺术风格。 2. Pu Songling:蒲松龄。清代文学家，别号柳泉居士，山东淄川（今属淄博市）人。,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Pu Songling,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Exercises,Comprehension,Communication,Applicat
18、ion,Comprehension,l. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and answer the following questions briefly.,1) What does the first paragraph mainly point out?,2) What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “life”?,The first paragraph mainly points out the urgency of the ecological pr
19、oblems,In the Confucian philosophy of “life”, love for and kindness toward all living things are emphasized.,3) According to Zheng Banqiao, what is the “will of Heaven”?,According to Zheng Banqiao, the “will of Heaven” is to love all living things in the world, be it an ant or an insect.,4) What is
20、eco-aesthetics of traditional Chinese culture related to?,Eco-aesthetics of traditional Chinese culture is related to eco-ethics and eco-philosophy.,Comprehension,6) In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, how were birds and flowers usually depicted?,In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties,
21、 birds and flowers were often depicted as if they had human feelings.,Comprehension,5) Why do Chinese painters never paint dead animals?,Chinese painters never paint dead animals because they love all living things in the world and appreciate their state of being.,II. Careful Reading,1. Read the pas
22、sage carefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information.,Human beings have done so much damage to the natural environment that _ _ .,2) The quotations from Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, and Cheng Hao show that _.,Comprehension,the very existence of human beings themselves is threatened
23、,Confucian love starts from loving ones family and other people, to loving all living things in the world,4) Zhou Dunyi found pleasure in _, while Cheng Hao enjoyed observing living things such as _ and _ .,Comprehension,observing the natural growth of grass,fish,newly hatched chicks,3) Zheng Banqia
24、o advised people _ to _ instead of _ if they really love birds.,plant more trees,keeping them in a cage,as birds home,Many Chinese painters believed that in order to bring vitality to their works, they must _ _. 6) The story of “Xiangyu” is a good example to illustrate that _ _.,Comprehension,observ
25、e and learn from nature,humans and other living things are of,the same kind and they share weal and woe together,2. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage,1)天以阳生万物，以阴成万物。 周敦颐,2) 生之性便是仁。 程颐,Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures life t
26、hrough yin. Zhou Dunyi,The nature of life is love. Cheng Yi,Comprehension,4) 民吾同胞，物吾与也。 张载,5) 仁者以天地万物为一体。 程颢,All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my companions. Zhang Zai,Those with love regard themselves as the same as other living things in the world. Cheng Hao,C
27、omprehension,3)亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。 孟子,(One should) love ones family, love the people, and love all living things in the world. Mencius,6) 我图娱悦，彼在囚牢，何情何理，而必屈物之性以适吾性乎。 郑板桥,7) 万物之生意最可观。 程颢,It is unreasonable to keep them in a cage just to please myself, to oppress their nature to suit my nature! Zheng Banqiao
28、,Life and its state of being is most worthy of appreciation. Cheng Hao,Comprehension,Communication,The following are some quotes from Chinese and foreign poets. Read them carefully and find out their views about man and nature.,泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。 杜甫一重一掩吾肺腑，山鸟山花吾友于。 杜甫人鸟不相乱，见兽皆相亲。 王维一松一竹真朋友，山鸟山花好弟兄。 辛弃疾高秋总
29、馈贫人实，来岁还舒满眼花。 杜甫,Woodman spare the tree! Touch not a single bough! In youth it sheltered me. And Ill protect it now. George Pope Morris,We cannot command nature except by obeying her. Francis Bacon,When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. John Muir,Co
30、mmunication,The chessboard is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. Thomas Henry Huxley,How I do love the earth. I feel it thrill under my feet. I feel somehow as if it were
31、conscious of my love, as if something passed into my dancing blood from it. James Russell Lowell,Communication,The sky is the daily bread of the eyes. Ralph Waldo Emerson,The laws of nature are written deep in the folds and faults of the earth. By encouraging men to learn those laws one can lead the
32、m further to a knowledge of the author of all laws. John Joseph Lynch,Application,Chinese philosophy has always emphasized immanence (内在性) and unity. While Western dualism (二元论) leads to opposition between man and nature, Chinese monism (一元论) leads to harmony between the two. Most Chinese philosophers share this unique view. Tell what you know about the Chinese idiom Tian Ren He Yi.,Thank You!,
