1、人教课标高一 必修 1 Unit 21. He said: “Ive left my pen in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room.She said that he would be busy.2. She said: “He will be busy.” She asked Tom if/whether he couldhelp her.3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 1. 陈述句的间接引语 连接词用 that, 在口语中可省略。引述动词用 said, told
2、,等。例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用 if或 whether， 而引述选择疑问句时 只能用 whether， 引述动词用 asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语 me, him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连
3、接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?” 4. 如何 变时态 ：直接引 语 间 接引 语一般 现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变如：1) She said, “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen.2) She said, “We hope so.” She said they hoped s
4、o.3) She said, “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引 语变为间 接引 语时 ， 时态 一般不 变 化。(1) 直接引 语 是客 观 真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon
5、 moves around the earth.(2) 直接引 语 中有具体的 过 去某年、某月、某日作状 语 ， 变为间 接引 语时 , 时态 不 变 。Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.(3) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的 ,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的 ,变间接引语时 ,时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told u
6、s he usually gets up at six every day. (4) 若直接引语中含有 when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句 , 变间接引语时 , 从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. (5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有 would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。如： She s
7、aid, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other. 5. 如何 变 状 语 ：直接引 语变间 接引 语 ，状 语变 化有其内在 规 律 ， 时间 状 语 由 “现 在 ”改 为 “原来 ”例 : now变为 then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为 that day。地点状 语 , 尤其表示方向性的 , 或用指示代 词 修 饰 的状 语 , 由 “此 ”改 为 “彼 ”。(例 : this 改 为 that), 如：He said, “These books are
8、 mine.” He said those books were his.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 : this that ; these those ; now then; yesterday the day before ; today that day ; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month, year); ago before ; here there 祈使句的间接引语 采用“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 ” 结构 :told / asked / ordered sb. (not
9、) to do sth.1. 如果祈使句是表示 请求 ，间接引语的动词常用 ask，如果是表示 命令 ，间接引语的动词常用 tell, order, command等。2. 有些表示 建议 的祈使句，变成间接引语时一般用 suggest doing / suggest that sb. (should) do . 或advise sb. to do / advise that sb. (should) do .。如：“Lets go camping this weekend,” Tom said to us. Tom suggested (us) _ that weekend. Tom sug
10、gested that _ _ that weekend.going campingwe (should) go camp直接引 语 (变 化前)间 接引 语 (变 化后 )祈使句The officer said to him, “Dont leave your post.”不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.直接引 语 (变 化前 ) 间 接引 语 (变 化后 )Lets开 头 的祈使句I said to him, “Lets start at once.”that 引 导 的 宾语 从句I suggested to him th
11、at we (should) start at once.直接引 语 (变 化前 ) 间 接引 语 (变 化后 )感 叹 句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引 导的 宾语 从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.例如 : 1. The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The mother asked Tom to get up early.2. The mother said, “Tom, get
12、up early, please.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 例 如：He said, “Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film.或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引 语 如果是以 “Lets”开 头 的祈使句， 变为间 接引 语时 ，通常用“suggest + 动 句 词 （或从句）。 ” 适当改动引用动词，可以使用 what和 how作连词，语序不变；也可使用that引
13、导，将句子变成相应的宾语从句。感叹句从直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意： 如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或将来时，变成间接引语时，时态无需变化。（这一点同样适用于陈述句和疑问句。）直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规律繁多，但同学们要记住：语言是活生生的，在平时的学习中要灵活掌握并使用这些规则。将下列直接引语变为间接引语。1. “Speak English more often than just in class,” our English teacher said to us._._.Our English teacher suggested that we (should) speak English more often than just in classOur English teacher suggested speaking English more often than just in class2. “Dont play with fire, little boy,” his grandfather said._.His grandfather told the little boy not to play with fire
