1、运动篇英文词汇anatomical position A 解剖学姿势superior 上inferior 下cranial 颅侧caudal 尾侧anterior A前ventral 腹侧posterior 后dorsal 背侧medial 内侧lateral A外侧internal 内external 外superficial 浅profoundal 深proximal 近侧distal 远侧ulnar 尺侧radial 桡侧tibial 胫侧fibular 腓侧left 左right 右vertical 垂直horizontal 水平central 中央vertical axis A垂直轴
2、sagittal axis AA矢状轴sagittal plane A矢状面frontal plane 冠状面horizontal plane 水平面（横切面）variation 变异abnormal A异常bone 骨long bone 长骨diaphysis A骨干shaft 骨干nutrient foramen 滋养孔epiphysis 骺articular surface 关节面metaphysis A干骺端epiphysil cartilage 骺软骨epiphysial line 骺线short bone 短骨flat bone A扁骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneu
3、matic bone A含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨compact bone A骨密质spongy bone 骨松质trabecullae 骨小梁dipole 板障periosteum 骨膜endosteum 骨内膜bone marrow A骨髓red bone marrow A红骨髓yellow bone marrow A黄骨髓vertebrae 椎骨vertebral body 椎体vertebral foramen 椎孔vertebral canal A椎管vertebral arch 椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根intervertebral
4、foramina 椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch A椎弓板spinous process 棘突transverse process A横突articular process 关节突thoracic vertebrae A胸椎cervical vertebrae 颈椎transverse foramen A横突孔atlas A寰椎axis A枢椎vertebrae prominens 隆椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum 骶骨sacral bone 骶骨promontory 岬sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔sacral cornu 骶角coccyx
5、 尾骨sternum 胸骨manubrium 胸骨柄jugular notch 颈静脉切迹sternal angle A胸骨角body of sternum 胸骨体xiphoid process 剑突ribs 肋costal head 肋头costal neck 肋颈costal tubercle 肋结节shaft of rib 肋体costal angle A肋角costal cartilage 肋软骨skull 颅calvaria A颅盖frontal bone 额骨ethmoid bone 筛骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophysial fossa 垂体窝greater wi
6、ng 大翼formen rotundum 圆孔formen ovale 卵圆孔formen spinosum 棘孔lesser wing 小翼optic canal A视神经管superior orbital fissure 眶上裂pterygoid process 翼突pterygoid canal A翼管temporal bone 颞骨squamous part 鳞部mandubular fossa A下颌窝articular tubercle 关节结节tympanic part A鼓部petrous part(pyramid) 岩部（锥部）internal acoustic pore 内
7、耳门carotid canal A颈动脉管styloid process 茎突mastoid process A乳突stylomastoid formen A茎乳孔occipital bone 枕骨foramen magnum A枕骨大孔parietal bone 顶骨mandible A下颌骨mental formen 颏孔ramus of mandible A下颌支head of mandible A下颌头neck of mandible A下颌颈angle of mandible AA下颌角mandibular formen A下颌孔hyoid bone 舌骨vomer 犁骨maxill
8、a A上颌骨frontal process 额突zygomatic process A颧突alveolar process A牙槽突palatine bone A 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone A 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone A颧骨coronal suture 冠状缝sagittal suture A 矢状缝lambdoid suture A人字缝external occipital protuberance 枕外隆突anterior cranial fossa A 颅前窝middle cranial foss
9、a 颅中窝foramen lacerum 破裂孔posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝clivus 斜坡internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆突jugular foramen 颈静脉孔pterion 翼点infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa A翼腭窝frontal squama 额鳞orbit 眶nasolacrimal canal AA 鼻泪管inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂bony nasal cavity A 骨性鼻腔superior nasal meatus 上鼻
10、道middle nasal meatus 中鼻道inferior nasal meatus下鼻道paranasal sinuses A 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦ethmoidal cellules (ethmoidal sinuses)筛小房sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦maxillary sinus A 上颌窦oral cavity A骨性口腔cranial fontanelle 颅囟anterior fontanelle A 前囟（额囟）posterior fontanelle 后囟（枕囟）clavicle A锁骨scapula A肩胛骨subscapular fos
11、sa A 肩胛下窝spine of scapula A 肩胛冈superaspinous fossa 冈上窝spine of scapula A 冈下窝acromion 肩峰coracoid process 喙突glenoid cavity A关节盂humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical neck A解剖颈greater tubercle 大结节lesser tubercle 小结节surgical neck 外科颈deltoidtuberosity 三角肌粗隆sulcus of radial nerve 桡神经沟capitulum of humerus
12、 肱骨小头trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车lateral epicondyle A 外上髁medial epicondyle 内上髁radius 桡骨head of radius 桡骨头neck of radius 桡骨颈radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆styloid process 茎突ulna 尺骨trochlear notch 滑车切迹olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆head of ulna 尺骨头styloid process 尺骨茎突carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bo
13、ne A手舟骨lunate bone 月骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone A小多角骨capitate bone A头状骨hamate bone 钩骨metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges of fingersAA指骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨iliac crest A髂嵴anterior superior iliac AA髂前上棘posterior superior iliac spine A髂后上棘tubercle of iliac crest A 髂结节greater sciatic not
14、ch A 坐骨大切迹iliac fossa A髂窝arcuate line 弓状线ischum 坐骨ischial spine 坐骨棘lesser sciatic notch A坐骨小切迹ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节pubis 耻骨pecten pubis 耻骨梳pubic tubercle 耻骨结节symphysial surface 耻骨联合面obturator foramen 闭孔acetabulum AA髋臼lunate surface 月状面femur 股骨femoral head 股骨头neck of femur 股骨颈greater trochanter A大转
15、子linea aspera A粗线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆medial condyle 内侧髁lateral condyle 外侧髁intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial epicondyle 内上髁lateral epicondyle A外上髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节patella 膑骨tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起tibial tubersity 胫骨粗隆medial malleolus 内踝fibula 腓骨fibular head 腓骨头neck of fibula 腓骨颈latera
16、l malleolus A外踝tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus A跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone A外侧楔骨cuboid bone metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges of toes AA趾骨bones of toes 趾骨fibrous joint 纤维连接cartilaginous joint A 软骨连接synostosis 骨性结合syndesmosis 韧带连接s
17、uture 缝sychondrosis 透明软骨结合symphysis 纤维软骨结合cartilage 软骨chondrocyte 软骨细胞articulation 关节synovial jiont 滑膜关节articular surface关节面articular cartilage关节软骨articular capsule A关节囊fibrous membrane 纤维膜synovial membrane 滑膜synovial fluid 滑液articular cavityA关节腔ligament 韧带articular disc 关节盘articular labrum关节唇synovi
18、al fold 滑膜襞synovial bursa 滑膜囊translation A移动flexion 屈extension 伸dorsiflexion 背屈plantarflexion A跖屈adduction 收abduction A展rotation 旋转medial rotation 旋内lateral rotation A旋外pronation 旋前circumdution 环转hinge joint 屈戌关节trochoid joint or pivot joint 车轴关节ellipsoidal joint 椭圆关节sellar joint or saddle joint A 鞍
19、状关节ball-and-socket joint or spheroidal joint A球窝关节plane joint 平面关节intervertebral disc 椎间盘nucleus pulposus 髓核anulus fibrosus A纤维环anterior longitudinal ligament A前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带ligamenta flava A 黄韧带interspinal ligament 棘间韧带superspinal ligment 棘上韧带ligamentum nuchae 项韧带intertran
20、sverse ligament A横突间关节zygapophyseal joint 关节突关节atlantooccipital joint A 寰枕关节thorax A胸廓costovertebral joint 肋椎关节joint of costal head 肋头关节costotransverse joint A肋横突关节sternocostal joint 胸肋关节temporomandibular joint A颞下颌关节sternoclavicular joint A胸锁关节acromioclavicular joint A肩锁关节coracoacromial ligament A喙
21、肩韧带shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节humeroradial joint A 肱桡关节proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节radial collateral ligamentA桡侧副韧带ulnar collateral ligament A尺侧副韧带annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜distal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节joint of hand A手关节ra
22、diocarpal joint 桡腕关节intercarpal joint 腕骨间关节carpomentacarpal joint 腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节intermetacarpal joint 掌骨间关节metacarpophalangeal joint AA掌指关节interphalangeal joint A 指骨间关节sacroiliac joint A骶髂关节iliolumbar ligament 髂腰韧带sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带sacrospinous ligament骶棘韧带pubic
23、symphysis 耻骨联合obturator membrane 闭孔膜obturator canal A 闭管膜pelvis 骨盆greater pelvis 大骨盆lesser pelvis 小骨盆hip joint 髋关节acetabular labrumAA 髋臼唇iliofemoral ligament 髂骨韧带ligament of head of the femur 股骨头韧带pubofemoral ligament 耻骨韧带ischiofemoral ligament 坐骨韧带knee joint 膝关节patellar ligament 膑韧带fibular collater
24、al ligament A腓侧副韧带tibial collateral ligament A胫侧副韧带cruciate ligaments 膝交叉韧带anterior cruciate ligamentA前交叉韧带posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带alarfolds 翼状襞menisci 半月板medial meniscus 内侧半月板lateral meniscusA 外侧半月板joint of foot 足关节talocrural joint A 距小腿关节ankle joint A踝关节medial ligament 内侧韧带（三角韧带）lateral li
25、gament A 外侧韧带muscle 肌muscle belly 肌腹muscle tendon 肌腱aponeurosis A腱膜fascia 筋膜superfical fascia 浅筋膜deep fascia 深筋膜synovial bursa 滑膜囊tendinous sheath 腱鞘fibrous layer 纤维层fibrous sheath of tendon 腱纤维鞘synovial sheath of tendon腱滑膜鞘mesotendon 腱系膜epicranius 颅顶肌frontal belly 额腹occipital belly 枕腹orbicularis oculi
