1、1高考英语语法填空技巧与方法一(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下 7 个技巧:技巧 1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:例 1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second.技巧 2:名词前面,若没有限定词,很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)。如:例 2It is said that a short-t
2、empered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. 例 3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 技巧 3:句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介 词。例 4 who should have the
3、honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. 技巧 4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连 词。例 5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.例 6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sen
4、se of what life is all about. 技巧 5:若两句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例 7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. 例 8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy 技巧 6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情
5、态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。例 9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another.例 10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.技巧 7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由 it isthat强调结构形式,判断填 it 还是 that。如:例 11 and
6、_40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等,还是填 do, does, did 等。如:例 12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填 it。如:例 13 as _32_took th
7、em just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists 例 14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (4)so /suchthat句型。如:例 15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (5)morethan (与其说不如说,比更)句型。如:例 16Cynthias s
8、tory shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays.2(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧 8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。例 17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children play
9、ed with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模)解析:因主语 His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与 keep 是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词 played 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 kept。例 18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模)解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词 decline
10、d,但由 and walked 可知,所填词与 declined 和 walked 是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式 closed。例 19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007 梅州二模)解析:因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由 were treated 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 were taken。技巧 9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词
11、。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing 形式、ed 形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有:(1)作主语或宾语,通常用ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如:例 20 but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007 年佛山一模)解析:因 it 是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填 to memorize。例 21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析:句中
12、已有谓语 wont make,所以 speak 应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填 Speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如:例 22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析:因句中已有谓语 will have to work,所以 complete 应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填 To complete。例
13、23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). (2008 年佛山一模)解析:因在形容词 likely 后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填 to succeed。(3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。如:例 24 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008 年东莞一模)解析:句中
14、已有谓语 saw,所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因 He 与 say 是主动关系,故填saying 作伴随状语。例 25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析:句中已有谓语 went,而 follow 又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因 the headmaster 与 follow 是被动关系,故用过去分词 followed 作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing 形式,是被动关系用ed形式。如:例 26 T
15、here will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008 年广州二模) 3解析:因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明 a meeting,故填 starting。例 27 Lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)解析:因句中已有谓语 can help,所以 learn 应为非谓语动词;又因 lesson 与 learn 是
16、被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填 learned。(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有:技巧 10:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:例 28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析:因在系动词 felt 后作表语,用形容词,故填 silent。例 29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt t
17、o解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填 dangerous。例 30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析:因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣” ,填 interested。技巧 11:作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如:例 31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are me
18、ntioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析:在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,Chinas ancient scientific and technological 是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由 are 可知,主语是复数,故填 achievements。例 32 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007 年茂名二模)解析:在句中作及物动词 have made 的宾语,要用
19、名词形式;表示“作贡献” ,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填 contributions。例 33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008 年三校联考)解析:因 with 是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填 information。技巧 12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。如:例 34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to t
20、hose found elsewhere. (2008 年广州二模)解析:在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词,故填 similarities。例 35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填 operation。技巧 13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。如:例 36 As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I foun
21、t that (2008 年深圳一模)解析:修饰动词 looked,作状语,用副词,故填 closely。例 37 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008 潮州期末)解析:要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong,作状语,用副词,故填 seriously。例 38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008 年惠州三模)解析:修饰
22、 because 引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填 mainly。技巧 14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加 un, im等,在词根后加less 等。如:例 39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析:作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知
23、识是无用的” ,故填 useless。例 40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.解析:在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填 unnecessary。4技巧 15:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。如:例 41there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _34_ (attract) (2008年广州一
24、模)解析:尽管 attract 是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句中作介词 about 的宾语,用名词,故填 attraction。例 42The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008 年期末)解析:联系前句,又有 even(更加)的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填 harder。例 43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos
25、 border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007 梅州二模)解析:结合前段内容,特别是 the 的提示,可知要用 bad 的最高级 worst,表示“最严重的” 。3. 重读全文,解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。