1、 非谓语 第 1 页 总 7 页 非谓语重点汇总（动名词、不定式、分词）一、 读完整句，分析句子成分，划主谓宾, 确定空格处需要 谓语 还是 非谓语The sun _has set_(set), so we must go home now.The sun _having set_(set), we must go home now.二、如需要非谓语 非谓语 谓语动词(1) 优先考虑固定句型 （尤其是+ to do/ doing 的动词词组）(2) 没有固定句型时,根据三种非谓语形式的四字时态语态特征选定最接近的那种：to do - 将来主动doing 同时主动 一般主动 esp.作定语 后来
2、主动 esp. 逗号后结果状语done 过去被动 一般被动 esp. 作定语 不表被动，类似 adj.或固定词组eg：将来被动to be done 完成被动-having been done（3） 根据上下文时态语态需要, 对所选非谓语形式变形三、非谓语变形总表四、 动名词考点：（一）主语: 表一般、常规动作 （二）表语：表一般、常规动作 （三）定语：表用途Eg: a reading room/ a smoking room / a sleeping pill/ a walking stick（四）宾语1. 动词+ doing 有: imagine, miss（错过）, mind, avoid
3、, admit, appreciate, keep, escape, enjoy, excuse, risk, resist（抵制）, delay, deny, dislike, suggest, stand(忍受 ), fancy(想象), finish, forgive, consider（考虑做）, practise, postpone（延迟）,pardon( 原谅), understand P5.11 小点语 态名称 时态主动式 被动式一般式（将发生；一般现在） (not) to do (not) to be done完成式（已经发生） (not) to have done (not)
4、 to have been done动词不定式（句型）进行式（正在发生） (not) to be doing /一般式（现在；也可代替完成式） ）(not) doing (not) being done动名词（句型）完成式(已发生，常被一般式代替）(not) having done(少用)(not) having been done(少用)一般式（表同时；逗号后表后发生，结果状语）(not) doing（作定语仅表主动,不一定表正在）(not) being done现在分词完成式 (不作定语） (not) having done (not) having been done过去分词done -
5、 表过去被动； 表一般被动；相当于 adj, 记词组，不表被动- *不能作主语 （最常考） eg：tired surprised 非谓语 第 2 页 总 7 页 2. 句型变化: imagine sth. / doing/ ones doing/ sb. doing 3. 常用介词搭配：by doing ; on/upon doing ; without doing ; be for/against ; after/before doing/being done ; preventfrom ; feel like ; give up; put off ; There is no point (
6、in) doing Cf. but/except do/to do *can/do 及其变形 出现在 but/except 前用 do，不可用 to do4. to 为介词:the approach to（的方法） ; object to; be opposed to（反对） ;devoteto; be devoted/committed to（致力于） ; contribute to(促进、有助于); in addition to; lead to（导致）; be equal to ; be close to ; give ones mind/time to ; turn ones atte
7、ntion to ; on ones way to; sit down to ; get down to ; What do you say to ; admit to ; add to ; amount to（总计为）; come to ; next to (几乎） ； be reduced to（沦为） ; stick to(坚持）; see to (处理） ；with a view to doing（为了做 ） ； be/get used/accustomed to ; look forward to ; pay attention to ; the key to;5. Cf. be b
8、usy (in) doing be busy with sth.spend/waste time (in) doing spend/waste time on sth. have trouble (in) doing have trouble with sb./sth.6.主动表被动“需要被” （sth) want/require/need doing = (sth) want/require/need to be done“值得被” deserve doing = deserve to be donebe worth doing = be worthy to be done = be wor
9、thy of being done*deserve 和 want 三词为一起记规律一致 ；worth 的词组 无被动 worthy 的词组要被动五、动词不定式考点 （一） 主语: 表将来、计划下一步要去做的动作（二） 表语：表将来、计划下一步要去做动作（三） 宾语1. v. + (not) to do aim, agree, afford, attempt, appear, seem, choose, claim, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, happen, mean, intend, learn, manage, plan, refuse, wis
10、h, offer, pretend, promise, want, long 2. V. + it + adj./n. + to do: find, think, consider, feel, make (make it a rule to do) 3. V. + wh- to do : know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand4. V. + sb. + wh- to do: show, teacher, tell, inform, advise5. Cf. but/ except do *but、except 为 prep
11、 prep 后+名词或代词，若v 只可doing but/ except to do but、except 后若+v 只可为 to do/ do（四）宾补1. v. + sb + to do1) cause, ask, want, get, prefer, persuade, wish, enable, remind, warn, prepare, force, invite, encourage, beg, mean(打算让做), request, expect, recommend, advise, allow, permit2). wait for, long for(渴望让), wou
12、ld like(想让谁做), depend on(依靠谁做), call on(号召某人做), arrange for*long for sb to do 渴望别人做long to do 自己渴望做非谓语 第 3 页 总 7 页 3)以下动词不能+ sb. to do: hope ；suggest ； agree,；demand； claim, hope (hope to do; hope that)suggest (suggest ones dong; suggest that sb. should do)agree (agree to do; agree that)demand (dema
13、nd to do; demand that sb. should do)claim (claim to do; claim that)2. v. + sb. + (to be) + adj./n.consider, believe, feel, find, suppose, imagine, declare, judge, think (Cf. think of as), 3. v. + sb. + do（省 to 的动词不定式）make, let, have（使役动词） ；感官动词(被动补上 to);had better（最好做） ；may/might as well（不妨做，表建议） ；w
14、ould rather（宁愿做，宁可做）why (not), prefer to do rather than（五）定语1. 动宾关系I need a bookshelf to put my books on.He is the right person to send the letter to.2. 同位关系(前 2 个多考)- 来自+to do 的动词的名词：the failure/plan/wish/promise/attempt/decision/tendency/refusal/desire to do- 来自+ to do 的形容词的名词：the ability/eagernes
15、s（迫切感、渴望）/curiosity to do- 名词+ to dothe need/time/right/effort to do *V+to do 变成 n 还是+to doEg: fail to do(未能做) failure to do(做失败) be able to do sbs ability to do（某人做某事的能力）3.主谓关系He is the first/last/only/right/next one to do the job.4. 表将来The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天将要被开的会很重要5. 主动
16、表被动- 在 have/ there be/with/to do 句型中，如果动作的执行者在上下文中出现， 用主动表被动There is nothing to do now. I found a lot of work to doCf. Mum asked, “Do you have homework to do today?” （填 to be done 错）Mum asked, “Do you have clothes to be washed today?”（填 to wash 错）（六）状语1. 目的状语- in order to / so as to(不能放句首）- 不可以用 for
17、 doing （翻译时） *for doing 中的 for 不可解释为 “因为 ”- 不可以用在逗号之后“， ”后不可加 to do，除了 only to do；just to do；never to do非谓语 第 4 页 总 7 页 - 逻辑主语一致错 To see them clearly, words should be larger. “words”不可以执行看这个动作正 To be seen2. 结果状语He was so foolish as to tell lies.He ran all the way, only to(结果却/ 事与愿违 ) find the train
18、gone.Cf. He ran all the way just to（只是为）catch the train.He went away, never to return/never to be seen again.3. 程度状语enoughto; tooto4. 原因状语（主要用于情绪性的 adj）He was shocked/glad to learn the news.（七）动词不定式难点1. 动词承前省略* expect, prefer, like, mean, want, wish, hope, try, forget , be forced, have to, be glad/h
19、appy to He wont do it until he is forced to (do so). I dont want to blame you, but I have to.I had meant/planned/intended/wanted to, but I was busy.* to 后面是 be, have, have been 要保留I am no longer a student, but I used to be .- I didnt tell him the news.- Oh, you ought to have.2. 主动表被动- 某些表语 adj. + to
20、 do (hard/difficult/easy/fit/pleasant/ cheap /comfortable/ dangerous/ possible/convenient)- have/there be /with 句型中, 动词作用者在上下文出现- tooto 结构- 惯用语 : He is to blame. / The house is to let.（出租） be to blame（因受惩罚）3. 逻辑主语- 不定式逻辑主语要和主句主语一致- 不一致时可使用独立主格4. 句型转换1） It seems/appears/happens that= sb. seems/appear
21、s/happens to do2） It is said/is reported/is believed that= sb. is said/is reported/is believed to doIt is certain/likely/possible that= sb. is sure/certain/likely to do非谓语 第 5 页 总 7 页 六、 分词考点现在分词 过去分词定语（相当于 adj. ） 1. 定语（相当于 adj. ）- 同时主动（boiling) - 完成被动（boiled)(rising/falling) - 仅完成 (risen/fallen)- 仅
22、主动(remaining)-翻译成”令人” - 以”ing”结尾 adj (exciting） - 翻成 “感到”(excited）* having done 不可作定语2. 状语（同时主动） 2. 状语（过去被动；一般被动；相当于 adj）*分词逻辑主语和句子主语 一致 *分词逻辑主语和句子主语 一致3. 表语(相当于 adj. ） 3. 表语( 相当于 adj. ）4. 宾补 (和宾语之间主谓关系） 4. 宾补 (和宾语之间动宾关系）七、 非谓语类似句型区别（一） 动名词、不定式1. allow/ permit/ advise/ recommend/ forbid + doing （唯一陷
23、阱就是主被动） + sb. to do2. remember/ forget/ regret to do remember /forget/ regret doing/ having done3. like to do /doing dislike doing (like 有 doing 和 to do dislike 只有doing)would like to do （想要做、愿意做） feel like doing（喜欢做）4. try to do 尽力做 （拓展： strive to do 努力做，奋斗做） try doing 尝试做5. go on to do go on doing6
24、. stop to do stop doing *5、6 为反义词，用法一致， to do 为 做另一事 ， doing 为 做原来事 eg：继续做另一事 7. have a good/bad time doing have no time to do8. spend/waste time (in) doing /on sth lose/waste no time (in) doing 迫不及待做have/take (the) time to do9. （sb.) mean to do 本意要做 打算做 (sth/doing sth) mean doing 意味着,意思是=intend to
25、do plan to do10. (sb.) need to do (sth.) need doing/ to be done11. (sb) consider doing 考虑做 （sb/sth）be considered to do 被认为、被视为12. (sb.) cant help doing cant help (to) do (sb.) cant help but do 13. (sb.) be/get used to doing 习惯于 (sth.) be used to do 被用来（sb/sth）used to do (there used to be) 过去曾 14. pr
26、efer to do rather than do 非谓语 第 6 页 总 7 页 prefer doing to doing would rather do than do 15. be afraid to do 害怕而不愿做 be afraid of doing 担心、唯恐16. Its no good/ no use/ useless (fun/worthwhile/ a waste of time) doing 做是没有用的Its good for sb to do 为某人做很好 Its good/kind of sb. to do 某人做很好 17. lead sb. to do 致
27、使、导致（贬义） lead to ones/sb. doing 结果（中性）（二） to do, doing, done1. 感官动词（see/watch/hear/smell) 句型主动 被动see sb. do be seen to dosee sb. doing be seen doingsee sth. done be seen done2. have 句型 与 get 句型 1)行为动词 (解释为使; 让)* have sb. do 使/让某人做 = get sb. to do*have sb. doing 1）让某人一直做 (看时间状语）2） 任凭/允许/容忍某人做 = get s
28、b. doing *have sth. done1）让别人做 sth. 2) 无意中使 sth. 被= get sth. done2)解释为有*have sth. to do “有。 。 。的东西”（to do 作定语，常用主动表被动）3)* get done = be done3. With 结构with + sb./sth. + doing （正在）+ to do （将要）+ done （已经）4. make sb. + adj. make sb. do sth. make sth./oneself done 5. find/leave sb doing （其中 leave sb doin
29、g 表示使 宾语 保持的状态）find/leave sb./sth. to dofind/leave/feel/consider sb./sth. done=adj （见总表过去分词的）6.catch sb. doing 某人做某事被当场抓住7.set/send sb. doing 使某人起来“8. keep + sb. doing 使某人一直重复做+ sb./sth. + adj./adv. 使某人保持的状态+ sth. done (eg:informed) 使某人保持的状态+ sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事非谓语 第 7 页 总 7 页 9. order/want /like
30、/need/wish sb. to doorder/want/like/need/wish sth. (to be) done 10. remain + doing + done+ to be seen/ found out+ n. / 介词结构 / adv. 11. Considering/ Given + n. / that 从句 ConsideringConsideredGiven（被动）12. Faced with / Followed by / Seated / Located/Situated / Called sth.Facing /Following / Sitting / L
31、ying / Calling sb/oneself sth.*上下相等，对应着看13 The first woman to become presidentThe first bridge built by hand14 We have five minutes to go/ remaining/ left15 With the books missing/ lost/ gone/ stolen16 do more than just doknow better than to do17 主动 连词（when/while/though/if/unless/once/until) + doing
32、 介词 （before/after) + doing被动 连词（when/while/though/if/unless/once/until) + done 介词 （before/after) + being done八.非谓语（作状语）逻辑主语和句子主语一致1. 非谓语逻辑主语和主句不一致解决方法：1）不用非谓语，用从句2）改主句主语3）非谓语独立主格2. 固定短语，不需考虑逻辑主语一致1）Judging from，Generally/Strictly speaking, Speaking of，Talking of ，Supposing/Suppose (that) , Considering sth, Considering (that) 2) To be frank/To be sure/ To be exact/To tell the truth/ To make matters worse/ To begin with/To make a long story short/ To say the least / To say nothing of 3) Given sth, Given that, Provided (that)
