1、2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to takegreater risks. And new res
2、earch suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent researchpaper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R it is that one is actually inclined tointerruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a
3、special kind of time which cant beobtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource tobe maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent onlyin so far as it advances progress towar
4、d some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends onbeing willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list itemand youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles alon
5、g an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyorbelt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and“we feel a pressure to fill thesedifferent-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing your
6、self in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd thinkthis might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside times flow”into“soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading onlyphysica
7、l books, or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actuallywork, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from whichyou temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day,it no longer feel
8、s as if youre“making time to read,”but just reading, and making time foreverything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work becauseA what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with
9、 themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure toA update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading
10、helpsA encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work ifA reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to dr
11、op back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could beA How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population s
12、tructure, youngerAmericans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditionalmilestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, andretiring in their s
13、ixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line ofa fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults toprioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believ
14、e they will advance their careers most byregularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and tomaintain that children are best served by two parents working
15、 outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of thesearing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations thatwill increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,
16、from consumer preferencesto housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said theybelieve it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic t
17、han their elders about the prospects forthose starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordablehousing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a
18、27-yaear-old auto technicianfrom the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even nowthat he is working steadily, he said.”I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on myown, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back, he is
19、 struck thathis parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completedcollege when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents whodidnt have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I dont think people are capable of thatanymore.”36. One cr
20、oss-generation mark of a successful life is_.A trying out different lifestylesB having a family with childrenC working beyond retirement ageD setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to _.A favor a slower life paceB hold an occupation longerC atta
21、ch importance to pre-marital financeD give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will _.A become increasingly clearB focus on materialistic issuesC depend largely on political preferencesD reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both youn
22、g and old agree that _.A good-paying jobs are less availableB the old made more life achievementsC housing loans today are easy to obtainD getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?A He found a dream job after graduating from college.B His parents
23、believe working steadily is a must for success.C His parentsgood life has little to do with a college degree.D He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheadingfrom the list A-G for each of t
24、he numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadingswhich you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.ABe sillyBHave funCExpress your emotionsDDont overthink itEBe easily pleasedFNotice thingsGAsk for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often wi
25、th mixed results.Yetchildren appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they dont need self-help books ortherapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than wedo as grownups.Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.41._What does a chil
26、d do when hes sad? He cries.When hes angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably abit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dontdictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process toofar and end up suppressing emotions,especial
27、ly negative ones.thats about as effective as brushingdirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge andexpress what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.42._A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old
28、 at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldntstop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be themagic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things
29、have verylittle lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is amuch better way to improve wellbeing.43._Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit ofsilliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in
30、our bodies , increase goodhormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance offighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44._The problem with being a grown up is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal
31、with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also havethe luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time toenjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completelyrandom(dancing aroud the l
32、iving room,anyone?)-it doesnt matter,so long as theyre enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wildspending spree if youre on a tight budget.45._Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to behappy.
33、Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. Asthe Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of strivingfor happiness.“And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whomhappiness is not a
34、goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET 2. (15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWERS
35、HEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible withinits doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see,and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The
36、average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 differentitems, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough tosend shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, thedemands of so much de
37、cision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes ofshopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shoppingemotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that wenever intended buying.Section IV Writi
38、ngPartASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulateyou, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end ofthe letter, use“Li Ming”instead. D
39、o not write the address .(10 point)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on theANSWER SHEET.(15 points).2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解Section I Use of English1、答案C how解析根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该
40、是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。四个选项的意思中，只有C。how引导后面的内容做influence的宾语，前后意思合理。2、答案B In particular解析空格的前一句话的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投资更多的钱。空格所在句的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司在方面投入更多的钱。很显然，前后句子是总分关系。选项中，只有B选项可以体现总分关系。3、答案D necessary解析根据空格处前后的内容，_ for making investments for the future是做后置定语修饰longer-term thinking和happiness。幸福，
41、这种持久的思维模式对于对未来进行投资_，四个选项中只有D。necessary做后置定语符合前后内容。其他选项与原文内容语义不符。4、答案C optimism解析空格处的内容与inclination for risk-taking由and连接，构成并列关系，后面that come with happiness定语从句既修饰空格处的内容，也修饰inclination for risk-taking，所以选项中可以由that come with happiness修饰的只有C选项optimism。5、答案D change解析空格处的内容和the way companies invested构成动宾搭
42、配。选项中A。echo回声B。miss思念C。spoil溺爱D。change改变，所以只有D选项可以和the way companies invested构成通顺语义。故D项正确。6、答案B measured解析原文：So they compared U.S。cities average happiness_ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。所以他们比较美国城市的平均幸福，这种幸福是根据盖洛普在上市公司的投资活动地区民意调查来_。A imagined想象
43、，D assumed假定与民意调查的客观性是不符的，故排除，C invented发明，与文意不符，故选B measured，衡量，测量。7、答案A sure解析若要判断此空的答案，需要结合文章上下文来判断。这句话和本篇完型的第二段的首句的含义是相同的。第二段的首句：Companies located in places with happier people invest more，含义为：坐落在幸福人们多的地方的公司会加大研发投入力度。本段首句其实是对于这一中心的重复阐述，因此选A。8、答案D headquartered解析原文：firms investment and R&D intens
44、ity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which theywere _。公司的投资与研发强度与公司所_的地区的幸福度相关。依据第7题的答案，我们可以推断，这句话所填写的单词和located应该是近义，A advertised广告；B divided分割；C overtaxed负担过重；均与本文含义不符，故选D，headquartered设立总部。9、答案A explain解析原文：could something else about happier cities _ why firms there spend more on
45、 R&D？此句也是对于本文中心的再次论证。还有其他的什么可以_公司在幸福的城市加入研发投入力度吗？这句话之后就是具体的原因陈述。B overstate夸张；C summarize总结；D emphasize强调；均不符合文意，所以以上三项皆排除。故选A express解释，阐释。10、答案B factors解析原文：To find out，the researchers controlled for various _that might make firms more likely to invest like size，industry，and sales，为了找到答案，研究人员控制了各种
46、各样的可能会让公司加大投资的_比如大小、行业和销量，联系上下文，我们可以看出，这个空格其实就是下文size，industry，and sales的上义词，可以包含这三个名词的内容。A stages阶段；C levels水平，标准；D methods方法；均不符合文意。故选B factors原因，因素。11、答案A desirable解析该句意思为：研究者掌控了各种使公司更愿意投资的因素（比如规模、行业、销售），也掌控了居住起来_的住处的征兆（比如工资或人数的增长）。此处需填入形容词，前后两句为并列关系，感情色彩应保持一致，所填词应和空前more likely to invest更可能投资，以及
47、空后like举例的内容涨工资一致，也是好事，所以答案desirable可取的、令人满意的为正确选项。Sociable善于交际的，reputable有声望的，reliable可靠的虽为正向词汇，但均与上下文衔接不紧密，因此答案为desirable。12、答案B held解析即使说明这些问题，总体来讲，快乐与投资之间的关系_。Resume继续、重新开始，hold保持不变，维持，emerge出现，break破裂。前后为递进，说明这些问题后，二者关系应仍然保持不变，所以hold为正确答案。13、答案A attribute解析该句意思为：快乐与投资之间的相互关系对年轻的企业特别强烈，作者把这一点_于“缺
48、少编纂的做决定过程”。此处考搭配，attributeto把归咎于，assignto把指派给，transferto把传递给，compareto把相比较，其中attributeto符合文意，作者把这一点归因于于“缺少编纂的做决定过程”。14、答案D experienced解析该题为并列平行关系考查，and前后情感色彩、所属范畴应保持一致，younger并列，应为less experienced缺少经验的，故为正确答案。Serious严肃的，civilized文明的，ambitious有野心的，与年龄无直接关系，故排除。15、答案C also解析该句话上一句为The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong，此句为The relationship was 15 stronger，显然，二者之间为并列关系，因此选择also也。Thus表结果，instead表转折，never从不，不符合此处逻辑。16、答案D equally解析此题考查副词。四个选项中，A选项rapidly意为“迅速地”，B选项regularly意为“
