1、12014 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext Choosethebestword（s） foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B， CorDonANSWERSHEET （10points）Thinnerisntalwaysbetter Anumberofstudieshave_1_thatnormalweightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight Andthe
2、rearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually_2_Forexample，heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen _3_amongtheelderly，beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealthOfevengreater_5_isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine Itisoftendefined_6_bodymassinde
3、x，orBMIBMI_7_bodymassdividedbythesquareofheightAnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweightBetween25and30isoverweightAndover30isconsideredobeseObesity，_8_，canbedividedintomoderatelyobese， severelyobese， andveryseverelyobeseWhilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9 ，theyarenotObesityisprobablyless
4、amatterofweightthanbodyfat SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit， 10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11 Forexample，manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese， thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow Conversely， someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMIToday we have a（an） _14 _ to label
5、 obesity as a disgraceThe overweight aresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness，lackofwillpower，andlowerprospectsforsuccessTeachers，employers，andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese _17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverwe
6、ight， andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools1 AdeniedBconducedCdoubledDensured2 AprotectiveBdangerousCsufficientDtroublesome3 AInsteadBHoweverCLikewiseDTherefore4 AindicatorBobjectiveCoriginDexample5 AimpactBrelevanceCassistanceDconcern26 AintermsofBincaseofCinfavorofDinof7 AmeasuresBd
7、eterminesCequalsDmodifies8 AinessenceBincontrastCinturnDinpart9 AcomplicatedBconservativeCvariableDstraightforward10 AsoBunlikeCsinceDunless11 AshapeBspiritCbalanceDtaste12 AstartBqualityCretireDstay13 AstrangeBchangeableCnormalDconstant14 AoptionBreasonCopportunityDtendency15 AemployedBpicturedCimi
8、tatedDmonitored16 ABcombinedCsettledDassociated17 AEvenBStillCYetDOnly18 AdespisedBcorrectedCignoredDgrounded19 AdiscussionsBbusinessesCpoliciesDstudies20 AforBagainstCwithDwithout更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（http:/ MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET （40points）Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacke
9、nzie， an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall， tinroofedhouseinFloridatocollectthe3biggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory Ifshehopeshernewfoundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment， shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNortonThesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioral
10、researchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesoldhat； regretcreepsin Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences，
11、 sayMsDumnandMrNorton， likeinterestingtrips， uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema ThesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtimeasstoriesormemoriesparticularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothersThisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck“
12、Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork，spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing，andishardlyjollierforit）Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself
13、， andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsessionReadersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot， anxiousaboutfulfillment， nothungerMoneymaynotquitebu
14、yhappiness， butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpooronesYetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld， andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas， whichrangefrommanda
15、tingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyersButmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。21AccordingtoDumnandNorton，whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?AAbighouseBAspecialtourCAstylishcarDArichmeal22TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVisAcriti
16、calBsupportive4CsympatheticDambiguous23Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthatAconsumersaresometimesirrationalBpopularityusuallycomesafterqualityCmarketingtricksareaftereffectiveDraritygenerallyincreasespleasure24Accordingtothelastparagraph，HappyMoneyAhasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticismBmayprovetobea
17、worthwhilepurchaseChaspredictedawiderincomegapintheusDmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25ThistextmainlydiscusseshowtoAbalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyBspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteriesCobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspentDbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAm
18、ericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat， actually，youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare Wehaveadeepseatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofselfenhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”， or“illusorysuperiority”， andshownthat， forexample，70%ofusr
19、ateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership， 93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities5Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoselfaffirmingsituations Webecomedefensivewhencriticized，andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem，westalkaroundthinkingwereho
20、tstuffPsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoselfenhancementandattractiveness Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers， heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive V
21、isualrecognition， readsthestudy， is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation” Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimagewhichmustdid theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses
22、Norwasthereanyevidencethat， thosewhoselfenhancethemust （thatis， theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal） weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwith thosewhoshowedothermakersforh
23、avinghigherselfesteem “Idontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”， saysEpley “Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves Ifyouaredepressed， youwontbeselfenhancingKnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy，itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesVisceral
24、lyononelevel， theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves，Facebooktherefore ，isaselfenhancersparadise，wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos，thecreamoftheirwit ，style ，beauty，intellectandlifestyleitsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest，sayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity ，”but
25、theyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（http:/ Accordingtothefirstparagraph， socialpsychologisthavefoundthat_AourselfratingsareunrealisticallyhighBillusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffectCourneedforleadershipisunnaturalDselfenhancingstrategiesareineffective27 Visualrecognitionisbelievedtob
26、epeoplesArapidwatchingBconsciouschoiceCintuitiveresponseDautomaticselfdefence628 EpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherselfesteemtendedtoAunderestimatetheirinsecuritiesBbelieveintheirattractivenessCcoveruptheirdepressionsDoversimplifytheirillusions29Theword“Viscerally”（Line2，para5） isclosestinmeaningto_Ains
27、tinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively30ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisselfenhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_ApresenttheirdishonestprofilesBdefinetheirtraditionallifestylesCsharetheirintellectualpursuitsDwithholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributin
28、gtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads， railways， broadbandandenergy HousingisseldommentionedWhyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth Thenthere is the scale of the typical housing project It is hard
29、 to shove for attention amongmultibillionpound infrastructure project， so itis inevitable thatthe attentionis focusedelsewhereButperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallychargedNevertheless， theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate Waitinglistsincreaseallthe7timeandwear
30、esimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomesThecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis ItneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneedTherearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat Thecommunitiesminister，DonFoster， hashintedtha
31、tGeorgeOsborne， ChancelloroftheExchequer， mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt Evidenceshowsthat60，000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted， increasingGDPby06%Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreaterc
32、ertaintyintherentalenvironment， whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenuesButitisnotjustdowntothegovernment Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm，wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting45bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing， sett
33、oexpirein2015，isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalitionsspendingplansifreturnstopower Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflargescalepublicgrants Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate36 Theauthorbelievest
34、hatthehousingsectorAhasattractedmuchattentionBinvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsCshoulderstoomuchresponsibilityDhaslostitsrealvalueineconomy37 ItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghasAincreaseditshomesupplyBofferedspendingopportunitiesCsufferedgovernmentbiasesDdisappointedthegovernment38 AccordingtoParag
35、raph5，GeorgeOsbornemay_8AallowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingBstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomesCpreparetoreducehousingstockdebtDreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_AlowerthecostsofregisteredprovidersBlessentheimpactofgovernmentinterferenceCcontribute
36、tofundingnewdevelopmentsDrelievetheministersofresponsibilities40Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015，thegovernmentmay_AimplementmorepoliciestosupporthousingBreviewtheneedforlargescalepublicgrantsCrenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogrammeDstopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorSectionIIITranslationDirections：
37、更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（http:/ （15points）Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy， withaglassthatsperpetuallyhalffall But thats exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldntrecommend “Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality”saysTalBenShahar， aHarvardprofessor，AccordingtoB
38、en Shalar，realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen， butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebestBenShalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisersWhenhefeelsdownsag，aftergivingabadlecturehegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman Heremindshimselfthatmoteverylecture9canbeaNobelwinner； somewillbeles
39、seffectivethanothers Nextisreconstruction， Heanalyzestheweaklecture， leaninglessons， forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesntFinally， thereisperspective， whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife，onelecturereallydoesntmatterSectionIVWritingPartA47Directions：Supposeyouaregoingtostudyabroad
40、andshareanapartmentwithJohn，alocalstudent Writehimtoemailto1）tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits， and2）askforadviceaboutlivingthereYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheetDonotuseyourownnamePartB48 Directions：WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET （15points）Youshouldinterpretthechart， andgiveyourcommentsYoushouldwrit
41、eabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET （15points）102014 年考研英语二真题答案及解析2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】Bconcluded【解析】 题干中，一系列的研究已经_，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied（否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。2
42、、【答案】Aprotective【解析】 题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。3、【答案】Clikewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_，在老年人中，一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地；也，而且。
43、因此正确答案为C。114、【答案】Aindicator【解析】本句话中，_，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观；C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。5、【答案】Dconcern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact（印象）；B、relevance（相关性）；C、 assistance（辅助）；D、concern（关注）。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此
44、需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。6、【答案】Aintermsof【解析】题干中，肥胖经常_体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A、intermsof ，根据，就而言。B、Incaseof 表示在某种情况下， C、infavorof 表示赞成，以来取代，D、inrespectof，关于。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。7、【答案】Cequals【解析】本题题干中BMI_体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题意。
45、Ameasure（测量）、Bdetermine表示确定；Dmodify（修订）。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（http:/ B、incontrast （相反地）；C、inturn（依次）； D、inpart （部分地）。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。9、【答案】Dstraightforward【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_，实际上不是的。A、complicated（复杂）；B、conservative（保守）、C、variable（可变的）；D、straightforward（直截了当）；这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分
46、为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。10、【答案】Bwhile12【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能_。从前半句我们可以看出，有些人的BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低，而_较差。A、so（所以）；B、while（而）；C、since（因为）；D、unless（除非）四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为B。11、【答案】Ashape【解析】本题可以简化为：Somearefit， whileothersmaybeinpoor 不难看出，前后意义相反，且fit（体型健康）与inpoor 对应，与之最相关是Ashape（外形），故为正确答案。“精神“、“均衡“、“品味“都相差比较远，可以排除。12、【答案】Bqualify【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员
