1、1考频极高的语法/词汇考点：1 冠词（a/an/the ）2 逻辑关系词3 指示代词或物主代词（these/ those/ this/ that/ their/ its）4 介词搭配5 分词（包括伴随状语以及独立主格结构）6 形容词的比较级7 副词8 动词的第三人称9 动词时态10 定语从句冠词 a/an 的进阶用法1如果复数名词或者专有名词作为整体受到形容词的修饰，那么前面需要有冠词的修饰，需要注意的是，这种形容词一般表示暂时的情况，而非名词本身所固有的属性；例：Weak America is not in the best interests of the whole world. (误)
2、A weak America is not in the best interests of the whole world. (正)a Great Britain (误) Great Britain (正)a split Supreme Court (正) split Supreme Court (误) 2a . of a . 结构，构成前者对后者的比喻；例：it was opened by a small barrel（桶） of a woman. 像桶一样的女人。(法国中尉的女人John Robert Fowles)例：a man of importance A angel of a g
3、irl 天使般的女孩a mountain of a wave 排山倒海的巨浪 a nightmare of a city 噩梦般的城市note：如果是特指，只能把第一个不定冠词变成定冠词，即，the . of a .the angel of a girl 那个天使般的女孩冠词 the 的进阶用法 1，如果动作施加在整体的某一个局部之上，那么英文中会把整体当成宾语，局部处理成状语，而局部虽然仍然与整体属于从属关系，此刻却使用定冠词而非物主代词；例：He hit my head. (误) He hit me on my head. (误)He hit me on the head. (正)例：Sh
4、e gently patted me on the back. (正)He kissed her on the forehead. (正)2，the +adj. 构成一个集体名词，需要注意的是，这样一来就等同于复数形式，后面最好接第三人称单数；例：the impoverished 穷人 2the disabled 残疾人The palace is now open to public. (误)The palace is now open to the public. (正)冠词 真题练习(1)The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme
5、passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further the-a（第一次出现且泛指）difference between school lore and nursery lore.注：illustrate 此处的意思是“表明.真实”“显示.存在”，等同于 demonstrate。冠词 真题练习(2)We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large e
6、xtent, whereas language proper does large 前面加 a not consist of signs 注意：extent 是不可数名词 讲解：extent 虽然是不可数名词，可是前面加了表示暂时性性质的形容词 large，那么根据之前的进阶用法第一点，就必须加上不定冠词。试比较：1, To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. （certain 是暂时特征词）2, To some extent what she argues is true. （数量不是暂时特征
7、，修饰名词不需加冠词）3, To what extent is this true of all schools? 冠词 真题练习(3) They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both menand women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundredyears of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom“. These young adults establis
8、hed a trend去掉冠词 a（词性，多重修饰）婴儿潮of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades 逻辑关系词 1，逻辑关系词的词性2，逻辑关系词的分类3，逻辑关系词的用法逻辑关系词的词性 例：she is tardy for school today, however the teacher is not angry. (误) 是副词she is tardy for school today, but the teacher is not angry. (正)对比：
9、however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, whilst, whereas, yet, conversely, contrarily, contrary to, on the contrary, in contrast; the former , the latter ; on （the）one hand, on the other hand; 3instead, instead of/ rather than, excluding, except, except for, other than, apart from让步： although, thoug
10、h, even if, even though, despite, in spite of, regardless of, irrespective of, albeit, notwithstanding, anyway并列： and, also, or, as well as, too, equally, similarly/likewise, besides, neithernor, eitheror递进： furthermore/moreover, in addition, in addition to, whats more, indeed, even, not onlybut (al
11、so) 原因： since, because, as, for, given, considering, in that, because of, on the ground of, in view of, in the light of, by virtue of, on account of, due to, according to结果：therefore, so, hence, thus, in consequence, thereby条件：if, providing/provided, unless, otherwise, in case, on condition that, as
12、 long as, suppose, supposing逻辑关系词的用法 nonetheless/ nevertheless adv. = despite this fact 例：The book is too long, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (误)The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (正)whereas conj. used to compare or contrast two facts注 1：whereas 用于对比的时候
13、，多出现在句中，并且主语不能相同。I am old but strong. (正)I am old whereas strong. (误)注 2：whereas 用于正式文体中置于句首表示“鉴于”，相当于 because of the fact that. 注 3：whereas 作为比较的时候无法只引导一个单独的句子，必须出现两个句子。while/whilst conj. 注 1： while/ whilst 表示对比，所以前后内容同样重要，而 but 表示转折，所以预期偏向 but 之后提及的内容；注 2：whilst 在英式英语中尤为正式，可以用于专八、雅思等学术类的写作中。yet 通常
14、是 adv. 注 1：需要注意的是牛津高阶字典中也给出了 yet 作为 conj.表示“然而”的例句: It is a small car, yet it is surprisingly spacious. (较为口语)注 2：as yet 习语，副词词性，表示“直到某个时候”an as yet unannounced plan 一项直到现在还未公布的计划As yet little was known of the causes of the epidemic. excluding prep. 不包括 注：excluding 并非是 exclude 的现在分词形式，如果用形容词的话，则是 ex
15、clusive，表示专有的，排他的。 4albeit conj. =although 注：用于正式文体中notwithstanding prep./ adv. 虽然，尽管例：Notwithstanding therere some problems, China has done great this year. (误) Notwithstanding some problems, China has done great this year. (正)and conj.注 1：专八改错中出现 and，除了可能考察 and 前后句子的逻辑关系是否为并列，更重要的是考察考生是否察觉出 and 前后
16、句子的时态人称和数是否一致；注 2：“否定 X and Y”表示不能同时进行 X 和 Y 这两个行为，而“否定 X or Y”是对 X 和 Y 都完全否定，试比较：You cannot drink and drive. 你不能一边喝酒一边开车。You cannot drink or drive. 你既不能开车也不能喝酒。 considering prep./ conj. 考虑到，鉴于例：Considering he is only 16, he knows quite a lot about it. 注：此处 considering 是连词，并非是 consider 的现在分词形式，许多同学误
17、认为是现在分词引导的伴随状语。hence adv. 因此 = for this reasontherefore= thereby adv. 因此 注 1：这三个词没有严格的区别，考生不必钻牛角尖，但需要记住它们都是副词；注 2：hence 置于时间之后，表示从现在开始多久时间之后。例：They will be forgotten two months hence. 两个月后他们就会被遗忘。thus adv. 1,= in this way 如此，以此方式2,= hence, therefore 例：The new machines will work faster, thus reducing
18、 our costs.注：thus far 等同于 so far 表示到目前为止。迄今为止providing/ provided conj. = if = supposing 注 1：provided 和 providing 是同义词，且都是连词，考生勿要将其当作 provide 的过去分词和现在分词注 2：supposing 和 supposed 却有很大区别，supposing 是连词表示假设，而 supposed 却是 suppose 的过去分词，表示“所谓的”逻辑关系词 真题练习(1) There are important corollaries to the investigati
19、ve power. One is the powerto publicize investigations and its results. Most committee hearings are open to its 改为 theirpublic and are reported widely in the mass media.逻辑关系词 真题练习(2) Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed familiesbetween 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduc
20、ed the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their5nevertheless 改为 alsomarriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlieras well as later decades. 逻辑关系词 真题练习(3) If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, if 改为 while we certainly could
21、use their eating habits as a model for a healthier diet. 与事实相反（）尚未发生（ ）逻辑关系词 真题练习(4) Apart from a powerful capacity topay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing pay 改为 draw the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. 错在逻辑关系上 加黄色背景的表示易错之处形容词名词 逻辑关系词 真题练习(5) One is
22、the fact that pronunciation islearnt “naturally“ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.and 改为 but 指示代词 this（these）或 that（those） 区别一this(these)指靠近自己的，that(those)指靠近对方的区别二this 作为指代的时候可以具有褒义，而 that 作为指代的时候可以具有贬义例：Now tell me about this new boyfriend of yours.I dont l
23、ike that new boyfriend of yours. 区别三This 更多指后文将提到的内容，而 that 更多指前文刚刚提到过的内容that 在从句中的使用 that 可以引导1，主语从句2，宾语从句3，定语从句4，同位语从句 且用法各不相同 that 在主语从句和同位语从句中，that 不可省略（相当于名词）例：I heard the news our team had won. (误)I heard the news that our team had won. (正)6He finished the essay in such a short time surprised
24、us. (误)That he finished the essay in such a short time surprised us. (正)that 在定语从句和宾语从句中可以省略但是注意定语从句中必须用 that 的四种情况：1.当先行词为 anything，everything，nothing 等不定代词时，2.当先行词为 all，any ，much，many 词或被 the only，the very，the same，the last 修饰时，3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(1) At the time t
25、he United States split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a different language from those of Britain. There was those 改为 thateven one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(2) We may say that the c
26、ries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to a large extent, whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and these 改为 thosethat are wholly conventional. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(3) The rise in tuitions may reflect thefact economic u
27、ncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being infact 后加 thatthe school is foregoing income from a job. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(4)These contemporary aborigines live to oldages despite the absence of medical care, they experience no obesity,no middle-aged spread, little dental decay,
28、 no high blood pressure, no heartdisease and their blood cholesterol levels are very low ( about half of half 名词后加 that the average American adult). 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(5)This is “natural“, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate This 改为 It circle; after all, as we have seen, s
29、peech operates as a means of holding a community andgiving a sense of “belonging“. 指示代词和物主代词 真题练习(6)It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our ownhandwriting is something which we almost always know. which 改为 that 介词搭配 介词搭配在英文中是一个常考常新的考点，因为英文中的介词的搭配非常之多，变化多端；但是在考试之中，介词的考点重点只出现在三个介词上，考生务必熟练掌
30、握： on/ in / at 7例：You should look at the bright side. (误)You should look on the bright side. (正)上 面线 点介词搭配 真题练习（1） These young adults established a trendof early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades andwent 后面加 oncaused a major but temporary reversal of long-ter
31、m demographic patterns.介词搭配 真题练习（2） Investigations are held to gather information on theneed for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, to inquire into thequalifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare in 改成 onoccasions, to l
32、ay the groundwork for impeachment proceedings. 介词搭配 真题练习（3） Then in the turn of 19th century, when the study of cultural in 改成 atanthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable 分词 分词，participle ，是由动词变位而成；分词虽说由动词构成，可是却是形容词词性，往往放在名词前作为定语分词，又具体被分为现在分词（present participle）和过去分词（past
33、participle）；现在分词，往往表示动作的主动状态，或者进行时态过去分词，往往表示动作的被动状态，或者完成时态顺承 你去死并列 主次 分词的处理 ， 例： die: a rising/ risen sun fascinate: a fascinating/ fascinated celebrity 同时分词也可以引导伴随状语和独立主格结构。伴随状语：一个主语引发多个动作的时候，将最主要的动作变成谓语动词，其他次要的动作处理成分词，进行伴随；独立主格结构：当主语不同时，将最重要的主语处理成主句，其他的名词加上分词构成独立主格结构；伴随状语例句： Moved by the protagoni
34、st in the movie, the girl decided to learn from him. 练习：会议结束了，我们回家了。 8他躺在草地上听着音乐 独立主格例句： （前后主语不一致时用）Spring coming, the flowers are blooming. 练习：John 的手被绑着走了进来。没有公交车了，我们只能步行回家。飞机失事了，无人生还。 分词虽说由动词构成，可是却是形容词词性，往往放在名词前作为定语。关于伴随状语和独立主格的改错练习 Not far from the house there is a garden, whose owner seated in
35、it all day playing with his daughter. 是 是改成独立主格结构 或者前面加Not far from the house there is a garden, its owner seated in it all day playing with his daughter. Not far from the house there is a garden, whose owner is seated in it all day playing with his daughter. 分词 真题练习（1）For this and other reasons I w
36、as somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular disagreeing 改成 disagreeablethroughout my schooldays.分词 真题练习（2） The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistorichuman ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing supplementing 改成 supple
37、mented with animal foods. 分词 真题练习（3） That is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed genetic 改成 genetically in such a way that it can acquire language. 分词 真题练习（4） but the government had nowish to become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices involving 改成 invo
38、lved threatened to run wild. 形容词和副词 改错注意点：1，最常出现的考点在比较级上，注意连词 than2，形容词常常与分词的考点同时出现3，副词可以修饰形容词4，形容词会考察易混词，而该考点在名词和动词上极为鲜见形容词和副词 练习测试1, That being the case, I quite concerned about the safety of the country.92, A new announced policy has already taken its toll on the economy.形容词和副词 真题练习（1） To handlew
39、ith the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with totaltotal 改为 full/absoluteauthority to buy, sell, and set prices.形容词和副词 真题练习（2） People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as muchfeeling as if they were growers. The marketing of whe
40、at became an increasing favorite topicincreasing 改为 increasingly of conversation.形容词和副词 真题练习（3） and it often comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. firstly 改为 first It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our ownhandwriting is something that we almost always know.形容词
41、和副词 真题练习（4） Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed families去掉 equally 或者 more between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak形容词和副词 真题练习（5） From the 1940sthrough the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate high 改为 higher and at a
42、younger age than their Europe counterparts. Europe 改为 European 时态改错注意事项：1，时态的前后一致，是一个考点；2，时态的一致仅仅指现在时态中的一致，或者过去时态中的一致；时态 真题练习（1）We begin the “natural“ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went went 改为 goon unconsciously imitating and pra
43、cticing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling. 时态 真题练习（2）If we are searching for a word but cannot remember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced had 去掉his language; if
44、 we observe a child acquire language; if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is.10Summary 总结1，彻底了解句意和文章大意，做题时将专八改错当成专八阅读进行精读，并不仅仅是改错行；2，如果该错行所在的句子超过两行，一定要学会划分句子结构，将句子的主谓宾和定语状语找出；3，该错行在做题时记得把高频易错词圈出来；4，有时，解题的关键词在上一行或者下一行，注意上下行中出现的连词，副词以及介词。
