广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件7

1、好比、胜过、超过、赛过、强于、等于、相当于、不如 5.比较结构跟(和/与/同)一样(差不多)、就像(跟/和)一样(似的)、有那么/这么、比(更/还)、与其宁可、为最,Words of Comparison in English,1.异根形式，eg. good-better-best 2.屈折形式，eg. long-longer-the longestearly-earlier-the earliest 3.辅助形式比较连词，eg. than, as比较介词，eg. from, to, of比较结构，eg. asas, soas, nothan, not soas, more than, thethe, more and more, none the, sameas,Comparisons in C & E,Things to be compared:feature, condition, range, degree, quantity, time, frequency, proportion, sizeCategories of。

2、gical patternn What people have done to the world vs. What the world reflects of peoples behaviourActive vs. Passiven 一进房间他就闻到了一股浓烈的花香。
n 一进房间一股浓烈的花香扑鼻而来。
n Psychological process of apperception vs. The role of the real world on apperceptionActive Voice vs. Passive Voicen Voice enables us to look at actions in a sentence from two perspectives, without any change to the fact.n (Quirk)eg. The butler murdered the master.The master was murdered by the butler.Active Voice vs. Passive Voicen Passiv。

3、diphthongs)n 15 鼻韵母 (vowels+nasal consonants)n 22 声母 (consonants)Vowels and Consonantsn English simple structuren more logicaln strict formsn conception-centred, straightforward, masculinen Chinese greater varietiesn different levels of vowelsn relatively loose formsn apperception-centred, beautified, feminineThings Can Be Complex nEnglish: different combinations of letters to form syllables (phonemes)n eg. son sun, fir fur, sea see, knot not, week weak,。

4、communication occasion; it is a form of language used in a specific language environment and taking certain features.情景因素 (Ghadessy, 1993) n 1）话语范围 (field of discourse)n nature, content and functions of communicationn 2）话语方式 (mode of discourse)n internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discoursen 3）话语基调 (tenor of discourse)n permanent or temporary relations between the speakers语言功能 (Halliday, 1985)n 1） 语意功能 (ideational function) n organises people, things, behaviour, incidents, condi。

5、 Chinesen English: architectural structure(营造学手法)n “ 撇开了时间顺序而着重于空间搭架 先搭起主语和主要动词两巨栋，然后运用各种关系词把有关的材料组成各种关系词集结向这两巨栋前后挂钩 ” （林同济： 1980）n Chinese: chronicle structure(编年史手法 )n “ 偏重动词着眼，运用大量的动词结集，根据时间顺序一一予以安排，甚至尽量省略关系词以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果 ” （林同济：1980）Clauses in English & Chinesen 1. Adverbial clause of timen eg. 15 years have gone by since we last met each other.n 自从我们上次见面之后，已经过了 15年时间。
n He just came back from Hainan yesterday, where he enjoyed a relaxing holiday after the completion。

6、rative function is the function of communicating dynamic messages such as actions, activities and events.Narrative Discourse Elementsn Backgroundn Charactersn Eventsn Endingn Commentsn eg. It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.n (1) 我原拟于一月份访问中国，后来不得不推迟，令我十分失望。
n (2)我十分失望，我不得不推迟访问的日程。
我原本打算一月份访问中国。
Textn An English text can be seen as an organic whole with sentences inter-connected and meanings linked up.n Sentences not 。

7、lete topic. (Theme + Rheme)n Chinese:n The combination of nature and man.n The subject and object exist in harmony as a unified whole.（ 天人合一）Result:n Western: strict syntax built on S+V structuren Chinese: not necessarily an “S” or strict “V”V in English (V-centred syntax)n1) English syntax evolves from the variation of the “V” n eg. 主谓一致，主谓搭配，时态，语态，语气，形式n 2) Seven basic structures of Englishn SV The train had arrived (quietly) (at the station) (before we noticed it).n SVC She is a stude。

8、old the truth in spite of his wifes warning.约翰被他老子追急了，也就顾不得老婆的叮嘱，说出了真情实事。
,Two Reasons:,1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese. 2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English,Chinese language verb advantage in usageEnglish language noun advantage in usage,Dynamic vs. Stative,eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative)He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative) White clouds are floating in the b。