1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（三） 代词,【中考考点】 (1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式及其基本用法。 (2)形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的形式及基本用法。 (3)常见不定代词的基本用法。如: some, any, both, all, many, much, other, another, something, everyone, nobody。 (4)指示代词的基本用法,以及其在上下文中的指代关系。 (5)疑问代词的基本用法。 (6)反身代词的基本用法。 (7)It表示天气、时间、距离等的基本用法。如: Its sunny today. Its eight oclock
2、. It is 5 kilometres away from here.,1.分类 人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表:,考点一 人称代词,me,us,you,you,him,she,it,they,2.用法 【巧记】 人称代词分两格,分为主格和宾格; 主格句中作主语,宾语用的是宾格; 句首、动前用主格,动后介后用宾格。 You cannot have your cake and eat it. 鱼与熊掌,不可兼得。 Tell him to call back a little later. 告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。 Who gave out the news? 谁把消息传出去的? It
3、s I/me.是我。,【拓展】 (1) 几个人称代词并列时的次序(2)it的用法 it可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。 This is a watch. It is new.这是一块手表。它是新的。,it指时间、天气、距离等。 Its eight oclock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。 Hows the weather today?今天天气怎么样? Its sunny.天气晴朗。 it可代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。 Its+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth(It作形式主语) Sb
4、 find(s)/think(s) it+adj.+to do sth (it作形式宾语) Take it easy.放轻松。(it用于固定句式中)hard for me the homework on time.对我而言,按时完成作业很困难。 We think it helpful a walk after supper.我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。 him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。,Its to finish,to have/take,It took,1.分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的代词。物主代词分为形容词
5、性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:,考点二 物主代词,mine,yours,his,its,2.用法 【巧记】 形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家; 句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加; 名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往; 句子成分主表宾,后面名词不再加。 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 This computer is his.=This is his computer. 这是他的电脑。,【注意】 物主代词前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰,如my book前面不能再加a。,1.含义 反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表:,考点三 反身代词,myself,yo
6、urselves,itself,themselves,2.用法 (1)反身代词在句中用作宾语或表语(不能单独用作主语),和句子中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。 God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 I am not feeling myself today. 今天我感觉不舒服。 (2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。 Mary herself worked out the problem. 玛丽自己解决了这个问题。 I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人。,3.固定搭
7、配 leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下随便吃/喝/用 by oneself 单独地过得快乐;玩得开心 learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学伤害某人自己 come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 心里想 make oneself at home 别拘束 lose oneself in 沉迷于 look after oneself 保重 look at oneself in a mirror 照镜子,help oneself to,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,1.含义 指示代词是表示指示概念的代词
8、,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。指示代词有:,考点四 指示代词,2.用法 this, that可用于电话用语中,this指代自己,that则指代对方。 Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是简。 Is that Mike?你是迈克吗? Who is that?你是谁?,3.常用的意义相近的代词辨析 (1)it, one, that的用法区别 为了避免重复,可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词。具体用法如下: it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况;代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。 She enjoyed the story because it was
9、very interesting. 她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。 The food is delicious. I like it very much. 食物很可口。我很喜欢。,one用于避免与上文提及的可数名词单数重复。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人;其复数形式为ones。 My sweater is very old. Ill buy a new one. 我的毛衣很旧了,我要买一件新的。 The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine. 绿色铅笔是你的,红色铅笔是我的。 that可以代替物,但不能代替人。它
10、既可以代替可数名词单数,也可以代替不可数名词,其复数形式为those。 The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。 The apples in the box are different from those on the table.箱子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。,(2)this, that, these, those的用法区别 this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 I shall say thi
11、s to you: He is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。 He fell ill. That is why he didnt come. 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。 He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。,1.含义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词和形容词,多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, ano
12、ther, either, neither, both, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。,考点五 不定代词,2.常用的意义相近的不定代词辨析 (1)few, a few与little, a little,Would you please buy some salt for me? There is little left. 你可以给我买些盐吗?已经快没有了。 He has friends, but he has go
13、od friends. 他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。 (2)some与any 两者作不定代词均表示“一些”,还可以作限定词,既可以代替或修饰可数名词复数,也可以代替或修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句。 在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。 Would you like ? 你想来点儿茶吗? Will you please get for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗?,a few few,some tea,some water,(3)(the) other, (the) others与another
14、other泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词。 others等于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物。 the other(+可数名词单数)表示“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one, and the other”结构。 the others等于“the other+可数名词复数”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。 another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。 Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想法吗? I have two brothers. is a doctor, and is a teacher. 我有两个兄弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。 He
15、is always ready to help . 他总是乐意帮助别人。 Five of them are in the classroom.What about ? 他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢? Dont lose heart.Have try. 别灰心。再试一次。,One,the other,others,the others,another,(4)each与every,Each of the students has something to do. 每个学生都有事可做。 Every student in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生
16、学习都很用功。 (5)either与neither either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意为“两者都不”,在句子中可作主语、宾语或定语等。 Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen? 你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔? Will you go there by bus or by bike?你坐公交车去还是骑自行车去? Neither.I will go there by car. 都不,我乘汽车去。,(6)no one与noneWho is absent from class to
17、day? 今天谁上课缺席? No one, Sir.没人缺席,老师。 None of them is/are in the classroom.他们当中没有一个在教室里。 Tickets for Friday?有星期五的票? Sorry, weve got none left.对不起,一张也没有了。,(7)many与much many表示“很多人或东西”,代替或修饰可数名词复数;much表示“好多”,可代替或修饰不可数名词。 Many of the mistakes were made because of carelessness. 错误中有许多是粗心造成的。 I dont have tim
18、e to do much. 我没有时间做很多的事。 (8)all与both all指“三者或三者以上都”;both指“两者都”。all和both在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 I know all of the four British students in their school.他们学校的四名英国学生我全认识。 Would you like this one or that one? 你想要这个还是那个? Both.两个都想要。,3.复合不定代词 由some-, any-, every-, no-与-one, -body, -thing构成的代词称为复合不定代词。,【注意】(1
19、)以some-和-any开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文) (2)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。 Is there in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗? (3)复合不定代词作主语时应视为第三人称单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。 Nobody his name. 没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,1.分类,考点六 疑问代词,2.辨析 (1) who与whom who可以作句子的主语、表语或宾语;whom只能作动词或介词的宾语。 Who put the light out
20、 before I finished my homework? 谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了? Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble?当你处于困境时,通常向谁求助呢? (2) what与which what常泛指“哪一类”;which常表示在具体的范围内进行选择。 What color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色? Which color do you like better, pink or purple? 粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一种颜色?,1.My brother will come to see me tomorro
21、w.Ill meet at the airport. A.her B.you C.him D.them 2. My father is a worker. is very kind. A.He B.She C.His D.It,C,A,3. 2018北京 My brother and I like football. play it together once a week. A.I B.They C.We D.You 4. 2018海南改编 We must protect animals.They are friends. A.us B.our C.ours D.we,答案3.C 解析考查人
22、称代词辨析。空处指代My brother and I两人,所以用人称代词we。故选C。 4.B 解析考查代词辨析。根据空格后的名词可知此处应用形容词性物主代词。故选B。,5. 2018河北 Please come in, Alice.Welcome to house. A.her B.his C.my D.your 6. 2018黄石 Hi, Anna.Are these your sisters pencils? Oh, no.Theyre not . A.her B.him C.hers D.his,答案 5.C 6.C 解析考查代词辨析。空格后没有名词,故应填名词性物主代词。根据前句的s
23、isters可知,这里应为hers。 故选C。,7. 2018十堰 Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? is at home. Certainly.But remember to return it on time. A.I B.Me C.Myself D.Mine 8. 2018湘西改编 Linda, why do you often go to see the pandas? I go to see because they are very interesting. A.they B.them C.their D.theirs,答案 7.D 8.B
24、 解析考查代词辨析。作动词see的宾语,用人称代词的宾格形式。故选B。,9. 2018扬州 Who is the lady in red? Miss Gao.She teaches English. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 10.2018泸州 It is duty to protect the environment. A.we B.us C.ours D.our,答案 9.B 解析考查代词辨析。teach sb sth为双宾语结构;teach为动词,故其后的人称代词应该为宾格。可以说teach sb English或teach English,但不能说teach one
25、s English。故选B。 10.D,11.2018玉林 Hello, Matt.How is your life in Canada? I am used to it now.My host family always try their best to make feel at home. A.me B.I C.my D.mine 12. 2018北部湾 Dont worry; the girl is old enough to look after . A.herself B.her C.hers D.she,答案 11.A 12.A 解析考查代词辨析。the girl和后面的动词短语
26、look after之间是动宾关系,是同一个人,故要用反身代词。句意:别担心,这个女孩足够大了,能够照顾好她自己。故选A。,13. 2018梧州 They won the volleyball match yesterday. Great! We are so proud of . A.they B.their C.theirs D.them 14. 2018贵阳改编 Im going to choose some online courses with a friend of to improve our English. A.me B.my C.mine D.I,答案 13.D 解析考查代词辨析。of是介词,其后应用宾格人称代词作宾语。故选D。 14.C 解析考查代词辨析。句意:我将和我的一个朋友一起选择一些网络课程来提高我们的英语水平。a friend of mine“我的一位朋友”,双重所有格,介词of后用名词性物主代词作宾语。故选C。,15.2018兰州 Toms iPad is much newer than . And it is also more expensive. A.I B.me C.my D.mine,答案D 解析考查代词辨析。此处将汤姆的iPad和“我”的iPad进行对比,故用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my iPad。故选D。,
