1、大学英语汉译英常见错误分析一 词法层面名词 1近来我忙极了，希望你能理解我的现状。误：I have been terribly busy and I hope that you can understand my current condition.正：I have been terribly busy and I hope that you can understand my current situation.condition 多跟身体状况或生活状况有关， situation 多指某时期的情形或境况。2. 最近我的胃经常有问题。误：Recently I often have proble
2、ms with my stomach.正：Recently I often have stomach trouble.身体某部位有问题用 trouble，不用 problem。 “胃有问题”也可英译为：I have some trouble with my stomach.3. 各级领导干部应加倍努力，提高人民的生活水平。误：Leading cadres at various levels should double their efforts to improve peoples living level.正：Leading cadres at various levels should d
3、ouble their efforts to improve peoples living standard.level 可译“水平、级别” ，standard 则意为“水平、标准” ；“生活水平”应译为living standard。4. 那位商人的不良行为坑害了消费者的利益。误：The bad action of that businessman has done lots of harm to consumers interests.正：The ill action of that businessman has done lots of harm to consumersinteres
4、ts.bad 一般指 “坏” ，ill 一般指生病，但用作形容词或副词时可以指“坏”或“恶劣” ；action 多指抽象的、继续的或复杂的行为，而 act 则指具体的、短暂的或简单的行为或作为。 代词 1像他这样的孩子不应任由他在外面随便玩乐。误：Such a boy as him should not be on the loose.正：Such a boy as he should not be on the loose.as 后面代词的格应与 such a boy 保持一致，boy 为主格，因此应用 he，不能用him。2. 这两个词很像，我区别不出他们。误：These two word
5、s are very much alike. I cant tell one from another.正：These two words are very much alike. I cant tell one from the other.another 指同类中（三个以上）的另一个，the other 指已知的两个事物或人中的另一个。形容词或副词 1. 她看上去很健康。误：She seems to be very health.正：She seems to be very healthy.health 为名词，healthy 为形容词。该句还可英译为：She seems to be in
6、 good/excellent health. 2. 他没有意识到学习英语的重要性。误：He doesnt aware of the importance of learning English.正：He isnt aware of3. 很多人都出席了会议。误：Many people present at the meeting.正：Many people were present动词 1. 我的故乡发生了巨大的变化。误：A great change was taken place in my hometown.正：A great change took place in my hometow
7、n.词组 take place, break out 等都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。例如：1937 年中国爆发了抗日战争。英译为: The War of Resistance Against Japan broke out in China in 1937.2. 那个严重的交通事故是去年发生的。误：That serious traffic accident was happened last year.正：That serious traffic accident happened last year.happen 与 occur 一样，都属于不及物动词，没有被动语态形式。例如：我从未想到他
8、能亲自来帮我的忙。英译为：It never occurred to me that he could come here in person to help me.3. 当她的男朋友不理她时，她非常生气。误：She got very angry when her boy friend neglected her.正：She got very angry when her boy friend ignored her. neglect 是指“忽视、不注意”或“忘记”的意思，ignore 则指“装着不知道”和“故意不理睬”的意思。上述译文中用 ignore 才恰当。4. 据说压力大或超负荷工作的人
9、更有可能增加体重。误：It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to increase weight.正：It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.“人增加体重”不用 increase weight，而用 put on weight 来表达。increase 可作及物与不及物动词，表示“增加、增大、增长、增强” ，例如：去年欧洲增加了同中国的贸易。
10、英译为：Last year，Europe increased foreign trade with China.又如：这家公司的利润已经大大增加了。英译文为：The profit of this company has increased greatly.连词 1. 他棋下得好，没人能赢他。误：He plays chess very well, no one can win him.正：He plays chess so well that no one can win him.汉语句子的因果关系很明白，但用英语表达时，必须用连接词表达出这种逻辑关系。2. 牛不喝水强按头是不行的。误：You
11、can lead a cow to water. You cannot make him drink.正：You can lead a horse to water, but you cant make him drink.汉语句中的转折关系可用连词 but 来表达。另外，汉语习惯用“牛” ，而英语习惯用“马” 。3. 张先生生病了，别指望他今天来干活了。误：Mr. Zhang is ill, he is not expected to work here today.正：Mr. Zhang is ill, hence he is not expected to work here today
12、.并列句必须加连接副词 hence。4. 我们坚决维护和平，超级大国却挑起战争。误：We firmly maintain peace, the superpowers are provoking war.正：We firmly maintain peace, while the superpowers are provoking war.汉语表达的是对比关系，英译文中需增加连词 while。时态 1. 如果到那时这个问题解决了，我就会告诉你。误：I shall let you know if the question will be settled by that time.正：I shall
13、 let you know if the question is settled by that time.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。2. 到 2020 年，中国将全面建成小康社会。误：By the year of 2020, China will complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects.正：By the year of 2020, China will have completed the building of a moderately prosperous soc
14、iety in all aspects.表示将来某一时刻前完成的动作，用将来完成时表示。虚拟语气1. 如果我是你的话，我就不会干这种事。误：I would not do such a thing if I am you.正：I would not do such a thing if I were you.表示与现在事实相反的假设情况，从句用过去式，主句用 would 或 should 等+动词原形。2. 如果他能早到一会儿，就会目睹这场事故了。误：If he would have arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.正：If he
15、 had arrived earlier/Had he arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用 could 或 would等加现在完成式。3. 如果你明天要去，我将让你现在回家做准备。误：I would let you go back home to make preparations if you will go there tomorrow.正：I would let you go back home right now to make preparations if yo
16、u should go there tomorrow.表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句用 should+动词原形，或 were to+动词原形，主句用 would/should 等+动词原形。主谓一致1. 老师和他的学生要一块儿步行去电影院。误：The teacher, together with students, are going to the cinema on foot.正：The teacher, together with students, is going to the cinema on foot.英文中有插入语的句子，谓语与第一个主语保持一致。2. 在山脚下植树的是一群刚刚
17、入学的大学生。误：Planting trees at the foot of the mountain are a group of college students who have just entered school.正：Planting trees at the foot of the mountain is a group of college students who have just entered school.倒装句中分词短语作主语，其谓语用单数形式。3. 他的言行不一。误：What he says and what he does does not agree.正：Wh
18、at he says and what he does do not agree.用 and 连接两个词、短语或句子时，如果指的是两件事情其谓语为复数形式。4. 在我国，每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。误：In our country every boy and every girl have the right to receive education.正：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面如果有 each，every，no 或 many a
19、 等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。例如：如今许多男人和女人都志愿参加献血。英译为：Many a man and a woman nowadays has volunteered to donate their blood for the patients.否定句1. 所有答案都不对。误：All the answers are not right.正：None of the answers are right.all+否定，是部分否定，如：答案未必全对。All the answers are not right.发光的未必是金子。All that glitters is not gold.汉语中的“都
20、不” “都没有”在英语中用 none of,如 : 他们都没有出席会议。None of them attended the meeting.男孩子们对这项游戏都不感兴趣。None of the boys were interested in this game.2.我并非两个花瓶都要。误：I want none of the two vases.正：I dont want both of the vases.正：I want only one of the two vases.不合逻辑的句子1. 中国的私人汽车越来越多。误：In China, private cars have become
21、more and more.正：There are an increasing number of private cars in China.“汽车越来越多”并不是指汽车本身主动变多，而是汽车在中国的存在越来越多。三 汉英思维差异、表达习惯差异1. 他的英语水平比我高。误：His English level is higher than that of mine.正：He knows more English than I.正：His English is better than mine.2. 保持健康的情绪可以有效降低感冒发生的可能性。误：Keeping a healthy mood c
22、an decrease the chance of catching cold.正：The chance of catching cold may very well be decreased by keeping a healthy mood.汉译英时有人常把“保持健康的情绪”看成主语，实际上是方式状语。3. 我们坐火车去长沙。误：Well take the train going to Changsha.正：Well go to Changsha by train.4. 一些心理学家认为，人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。误：Some psychologists think that peop
23、le might feel lonely when they are outside the home.正：Some psychologists hold that people might feel lonely when they are away from home. “出门在外”指“离开家门”而不是指“outside the home 在家门外面” 。5. 让我们承担如此重要的任务，我们感到十分荣幸。误：Were allowed to take such an important task. We feel greatly honored about it.正：We feel greatly honored to have been charged with such an important task.汉语先叙事，后表态，而英语的习惯表达是先表态，后叙事。例如：接到你们的贺函，我十分愉快和感谢。I am very happy and grateful to receive your message of greetings
