1、过去式和过去分词的变化规律 A-A-A 型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 A-A-B 型(现在式和过去式同形 )beat beat beaten 打 A-B-A 型(现在式和过去分词同形)come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 A -B -B 型在动词原形后加一个辅音字母 d 或t 构成过去式或过去分词。bu
2、rn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思hear heard heard 听见把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d“改为“t“构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说bring brought brought 带来buy bought b
3、ought 买think thought thought 想catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教fight fought fought 战斗sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光feel felt felt 觉得find found found 发现get got got
4、得到hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have had had 有hold held held 盛，握leave left left 离开make made made 制造meet met met 遇见sell sold sold 卖shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖 A-B-C 型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)在动词原形后加-n 或-en 构成过去分词。eat ate eaten 吃fall
5、 fell fallen 落下give gave given 给take took taken 拿see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写ride rode ridden 骑drive drove driven 驾驶throw threw thrown 抛，扔blow blew blown 吹grow grew grown 生长know knew known 知道draw drew drawn 拉，绘画show showed shown 展示过去式加-n 或-en 构成过去分词。freeze froze frozen 冻结steal stole stolen 偷
6、speak spoke spoken 说话break broke broken 破碎，折断wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒choose chose chosen 选择forget forgot forgotten 忘记变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i“分别为“a“(过去式)和“u“(过去分词 )。begin began begun 开始ring rang rung 按铃sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 沉swim swam swum 游泳drink drank drunk 饮其他不规则动词的变化。be(am,is) was/ were
7、been 是be(are) were been 是do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺wear wore worn 穿fly flew flown 飞过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别(1)过去分词在构成完成时态 ，不定式完成式以及被动语态时，通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)eg:The door was closed an hour ago.这门在一小时前就关闭了。They have finished their homework。他们已经做完了家庭作业(2)过去分词作前置定语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg: T
8、hat was an inspired suggestion.那是一条由某人提出的建议。同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时，也不能用过去分词来代替。eg:The house being built is a big project.正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。(3)过去分词作条件、时间等 状语时，不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg:Given more time，I can do it better.(表条件)多给点时间，我会做得更好些。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(表示条件)如果多关心一些，这些树会长
9、得更好。Heated ,the metal expands.(表示时间)加热后，这种金属会膨胀。Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty .(表示时间)问及为何要做此事时，他说这是他的职责。(4)过去分词作表语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg:The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪。(5)过去分词在构成 have，get,want 等动词后的复合宾语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式。eg:Why dont you have the radio fixed?你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修
10、?尤其是一些感官动词，如:see，hear，find 等后构成复合宾语时，过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)I have never heard this song sung in English.我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立 结构中，通常多用过去分词。eg: all told 总计all things cons
11、idered 考虑了一切因素之后this accomplished 完成这项工程之后this explantion given 这样解释之后all said and done 毕竟二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别:及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，但它有“完成” 的含义，所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.Having be
12、en weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时，可用现在分词完成被动式。eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)
