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【广东2017中考·高分突破】广州英语中考题型解读 三 完形填空 (共116张ppt).pptx

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1、第三部分 中考题型解读,第三节 完形填空,完形填空是近年来广州市英语中考一直采用的一种综合性很强的测试题型,主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。完形填空涉及的知识面广,灵活性较高,它不仅能测试考生的英语知识水平和对所学的知识的综合运用能力,而且能反映出考生的阅读理解能力,分析判断能力和逻辑推理能力。完形填空通常选用一篇200个单词左右的短文,给出10个空格,每空1.5分;一般采用故事体裁,尽量避免专业性太强的文章。,题型突破,完形填空与语法选择不同。语法选择侧重考查某个词在具体语言环境里的不同形式,而完形填空主要考查在具体的语言环境里用不同的词,侧重于词与词之间的意思的区别。完形填空要求考生既要运

2、用自己所学过的词汇、习惯用语、固定搭配、语法、句法等基础知识理解每个句子,又要处理好句子与句子之间以及句子与全文之间的内在联系。主要测试考生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、,题型突破,词语辨析、习惯用法或固定搭配等方面的能力,以及对所学英语知识的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力和逻辑推理判断能力等,因而该题型能较全面地反映考生对所学知识的掌握程度。 完形填空题以考查实词为主,主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年的广州市中考试题看来,完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解。,题型突破,要做好完形填空,必须掌握一定的解题方法和技巧,才能尽量做到在有能力得分

3、的题上不丢分。完形填空解题步骤是:通览试填复核。1.通览速读全文,把握大意。 快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等,并找出信息词。,解题技巧,2.试填紧扣文意,瞻前顾后。先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意从词数的意义、搭配、惯用法、常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3.复核全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确。试填后,要把全文再通读一遍,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。,解题技巧,一、(2016广州)完形填空(共10小题;每

4、小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1625各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Rebecca was a middle school student,she was often bullied(欺凌).At that time,she didnt want to tell others.However,she now thinks people who are bullied should talk about their _16_.,解题技巧,Rebecca says that many people who are bull

5、ied _17_ in silence.She says that although she _18_ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school,she never thought it would happen to her. Rebecca told us that the bullying began when she went to middle school.People started making fun of her for being a _19_ student and knowing all the

6、 answers.,真题分析,She went on to say that every time she answereda question correctly in class,everyone would start shouting and saying that she was too _20_ for them. She told us that by the end of the year,she was very _21_ about the bullying and became ill.She began to hate school.But _22_ she had a

7、 friend who could talk to,and they told their head,真题分析,teacher about her problem.She believes that talking to the teacher _23_ her a lot.They found ways to deal with the problem,and the bullying finally _24_ . Her _25_is,dont see yourself as the problem. Nobody should be bullied.But if you dont tel

8、l anyone what is going on,nobody will know that you need help.,真题分析,( ) 16.A.experiences B.jokes C.hobbies D.studies( ) 17.A.sleep B.laugh C.suffer D.play( ) 18.A.seldom B.always C.never D.suddenly( ) 19.A.bad B.happy C.silent D.good( ) 20.A.clever B.slow C.noisy D.proud( ) 21.A.pleased B.worried C.

9、satisfied D.amazed( ) 22.A.usually B.interestingly C.luckily D.strangely,真题分析,( ) 23.A.surprised B.controlled C.Excited D.helped( ) 24.A.started B.stopped C.increased D.continued( ) 25.A.problem B.agreement C.condition D.advice,真题分析,【答案与解析】文章讲述了一位叫 Rebecca 的女士认为当我们在学校遇到欺凌的时候应该勇敢说出来。Rebecca在中学时因为成绩好而

10、被同学嘲笑,这一度让她生病和厌学。幸运的是她和朋友向老师反映问题之后,她们找到了解决办法并且最终停止了欺凌。因此Rebecca认为没有人应该被欺凌,当你遭受欺凌时,要勇敢说出来才能让大家知道你需要帮助。,真题分析,真题分析,16.A 解析:考查名词。句意:可是她现在认为被欺负的人应该谈论他们的经历。experiences经历;jokes笑话;hobbies 爱好;studies学习。根据下文可知,这里指的是经历,故选A。17.C 解析:考查动词。句意:Rebecca说许多被欺负的人都默默忍着。sleep睡觉;laugh嘲笑;suffer遭受,忍受;play玩。根据At that time,sh

11、e didnt want to tell others.可知,一开始认为被欺负的人不想告诉其他的人,,18.B 解析:考查副词。句意:她说在小学的时候尽管听说过被欺负这件事,也没有想到这事会发生在她的身上。seldom很少; always总是;never 从不; suddenly突然。根据“although she _18_ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school,she never thought it would happen to her”中although的用法,可知这里应该是总是听说这事,但是感觉不会发生在自

12、己的身上,故选B。,真题分析,19.D 解析:考查形容词。句意:人们开始捉弄她,因为她是一个好学生。bad 坏的;happy 高兴的;silent沉默的; good好的。根据 knowing all the answers,可知是好学生,故选D。20.A 解析:考查形容词。句意:对于其他同学来说,她太聪明了。clever 聪明的;slow慢的;noisy 吵闹的; proud自豪的。根据上文提到她是好学生,所以应该是很聪明的。故选A。,真题分析,21.B 解析:考查形容词。句意:她告诉我们到年底的时候,她很担心被欺负,然后生病了。 pleased 满意的; worried 担心的; satis

13、fied满意的; amazed吃惊的。固定短语be worried about.担忧,故选B。22.C 解析:考查副词。句意:但是幸运的是她有一个可以倾诉的好朋友,他们把这个事情告诉了她的班主任。usually 通常;interestingly 有趣地;luckily 幸运地; strangely奇怪地。前文说她开始厌学,后文but表转折,可推测出是很幸运的,故选C。,真题分析,23.D 解析:考查动词。句意:她相信与老师交谈对她有很大的帮助。surprised 使吃惊;controlled控制;excited使兴奋;helped帮助;根据They found ways to deal wit

14、h the problem可知,老师找到一些方法来解决这些问题,故选D。24.B 解析:考查动词。句意:欺凌现象最后停止了。started 开始;stopped 停止;increased 增长;continued继续;根据Nobody should be bullied可知,欺凌现象没有了,故选B。,真题分析,25.D 解析:考查名词。句意:她的建议是不要把它看作是自己的问题。problem问题;agreement 同意;condition条件; advice意见。前文是寻求老师帮助,所以此处应该为建议,故选D。,真题分析,二、(2015广州)完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)阅读

15、下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从3645各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。 Kierman was born in Sydney,Australia,and grew up near the sea.For more than 40 years,he raced in international sailing competitions.In 1987,Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to _36_ the huge amount of rubbish in the worlds oceans

16、.When he returned to,真题分析,Australia,he _37_ to do something about it. He organized a community_38_ called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour”. On Sunday,January 8th,1989,more than 40,000 volunteers came out to _39_ away rubbish.The next year,Kierman made the clean-up a national event.It was a huge _40_ .Acros

17、s Australia,about 300,000 people spent the day improving their local _41_.,真题分析,Since then,“Clean Up Australia” has got _42_ every year.In 2002,for example,800,000 people cleaned up almost 15,000 tons of rubbish from Australias beaches,parks and streets.Kierman was _43_ with the success of his proje

18、ct.In 2003,he started an even bigger program.With the _44_ of the United Nations Environment Program,he introduced “Clean Up the World”,真题分析,an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment.“Clean Up the World” has grown _45_ and his w

19、onderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.( ) 36.A.save B.collect C.notice D.produce( ) 37.A.refused B.decided C.pretended D.stopped( ) 38.A.law B.party C.company D.event,真题分析,( ) 39.A.clear B.send C.turn D.give( ) 40.A.problem B.success C.surprise D.failure( ) 41.A.culture B.pro

20、ject C.government D.environment( ) 42.A.older B.smaller C.bigger D.faster( ) 43.A.happy B.angry C.disappointed D.concerned( ) 44.A.need B.help C.hope D.action( ) 45.A.loudly B.gently C.rapidly D.busily,真题分析,【答案与解析】澳大利亚人Kierman在一次国际帆船比赛中发现海洋里有大量垃圾,于是他发起倡议,与志愿者们义务清理垃圾,保护环境。这项事业从国内做到国际,越做越大。36.C 解析:考查动

21、词辨析和上下文理解。save表示“节约、拯救”, notice表示“注意”,collect 表示“收集”,produce表示“生产”。根据下文,可知道“当他从澳大利亚回来的时候,,真题分析,他决定做一些事情解决海洋垃圾问题”,所以在他参加比赛时应是“注意”到海上有很多垃圾,因此选C。 37.B 解析:考查动词辨析。refuse to表示“拒绝做”,decide to表示“决定做”, pretend to表示“假装做”,stop to表示“停下来去做另一件事”。从下文“他发起一个清理垃圾的社区活动”可知选decide to。,真题分析,38.D 解析:考查名词辨析和上下文理解。根据下文第三段“K

22、ierman made the clean-up a national event (Kierman把这个清洁活动变成一个全国性的活动)”,可知他刚开始组织的是一个“社区活动”,因此选event表示“活动”。39.A 解析:考查动词词组。clear away表示“清理”,send away表示“发送、遣散”, turn away表示 “拒绝、离开”,give away表示“捐赠”。,真题分析,根据上文“他组织了一个叫清理悉尼海湾的活动”可知这些人应该是出来“清理垃圾”,因此选clear away。 40. B 解析:考查名词和上下文。文中讲到许多人参加这个活动清理垃圾,应该是获得巨大成功,因此

23、选B。 41.D 解析:考查名词和上下文。根据上文可知,许多人参加这个活动清理垃圾,应该是“改善当地环境”,因此,此处应该填 environment 表示环境。,真题分析,42.C 解析:考查形容词辨析。1990年大约30万人参加这个活动,2002年有80万人参加,所以这个活动应该是“每年规模更大”,另外,下文第五段提到In 2003,he started an even bigger program,因此选bigger。 43.A 解析:考查形容词辨析。happy表示“高兴的”, angry表示“生气的”, disappointed表示“沮丧的”, concerned表示“担心的”。根据常识

24、,活动获得成功应该是“高兴”,故选 happy 。,真题分析,44.B 解析:考查词组。with the help of 表示“在的帮助下”,无“with the need/hope/action of”的用法,因此选 help 。 45.C 解析:考查副词和上下文理解。loudly表示“大声地”, gently表示“温柔地”, rapidly表示“迅速地”, busily表示“忙碌地”。上文讲到每年参加清洁活动的人越来越多,下文讲到他的想法现在已经从一个城市发展到全世界,表明这个活动发展迅速,因此选rapidly。,真题分析,完形填空主要考查词义的辨析和联系上下文得出答案。根据上下文得出答案

25、需要我们读懂整篇文章,词义的辨析要求我们在平时掌握好各种容易混淆的单词或词组。下面我们列举了一些容易混淆的单词和词组的辨析,同学们要在平时要注意积累这些易混的单词和词组。,易混词辨析,易混词辨析,一、易混名词辨析1.cloth, clothes, clothing, dress (1) cloth指“布”“布料”。(2) clothes指具体的衣服,包括内衣、外衣,不能与数词连用。(3) clothing是服装的总称,包括内衣、外衣,还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类,只用单数,无复数。(4) dress作不可数名词时,指外衣,尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时,常指连衣裙。,练习:a dish _

26、_ I want to buy sports _ _.Now people are all in their winter _ _. She wore a blue _ _ last night.,易混词辨析,cloth,clothes,clothing,dress,2.dinner,meal (1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”而言。练习:Lets go and have _ together. What time do you usually have your _ ?,易混词辨析,dinner,meal,3.sound,voice,

27、noise (1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有make a noise等。.,易混词辨析,练习:I was waiting for the _ of the other shoe.I cant go to sleep.The teacher said in a loud _,“Please keep silent!”But every night he heard the _ upstairs,易混词辨析,sound,voice,noise,4.job,

28、work 都可译为“工作”“劳动”。job,work是常用词,其区别:job是可数名词,work是不可数名词。练习:She got a _ of washing clothes. It takes a lot of _ to build a building.,易混词辨析,job,work,5.person,people,man 这三个词有共同之处,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之处。(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人),有单数形式,也有复数形式。(2)people是复数形式,指“人民;人们”,不能指一个人。(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式,不加冠词)。,易混词辨析,练习

29、:Two _ are waiting for you. He lived for the _ and died for the people.All _ must die.,易混词辨析,persons,people,men,6.problem,question 都可译为“问题”,但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。练习:May I ask some _? Thats no _.I can lend you my money.,易混词辨析,questions,p

30、roblem,7.table,desk 都可译为“桌子”,其区别:table通常用于吃饭,游乐等。desk用于读书或办公,并且大多附有抽屉,常被称为“书桌”“课桌”“办公桌”等。练习:We were at _ when he arrived. There are many _ in the classroom.,易混词辨析,table,desk,8.floor,ground 两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor 一般指室内的地上、地板、地面,而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。练习:He was sitting on the _ when I came in. The

31、_ is wet now.It must have rained last night.,易混词辨析,floor,ground,9.door,gate 都可译为“门”。其区别:(1)door 一般指房子、房间、家具等的门,还可用于比喻意义。(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。练习:Close the _ when you go out. He walked through the _ into the garden.,易混词辨析,door,gate,10.road,way,street (1)road指“公路;马路”,指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on the r

32、oad。“穿过马路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。(2)way意为“路线;路途;方法”等,统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式);on the way to(在去的路上);get in the way of(挡道)等。,易混词辨析,(3)street表示“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street。“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。练习:Excuse me,can you tell me the _ to the post office?When he went

33、 home,he saw an old woman lying in the _.The _ in this village is wider than before.,易混词辨析,way,street,road,11.family,home (1)family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩。练习:Tom has a big _.There are six people in his _.She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years.Shenzhen has become her second _.,易混词辨析,

34、family,family,home,12.idea,advice (1)idea表示“主意”,是可数名词。 例如:a good idea一个好主意(2)advice表示“建议”,“忠告”,是不可数名词。例如:a piece of advice 一个忠告(一个建议)练习:Can you give me some _ on how to learn English well?He has got a good _ to deal with his old books.,易混词辨析,advice,idea,二、易混不定代词辨析1.some,any some,any都意为“一些”,既可以修饰或代替可

35、数名词复数,也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。some常用在肯定句中;any多用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中。练习:I have _ tea here. I cant see _ tea.,易混词辨析,some,any,2.many,much many,much都表示“许多”的意思,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,在肯定句中多用a lot of,lots of等。many修饰或代替可数名词的复数,其反义词是few;而much修饰或代替不可数名词,其反义词是little。练习:I didnt know _ English people who could speak Chinese.Is there _ wa

36、ter in the bottle?,易混词辨析,many,much,3.few, a few, little, a little few,a few用来修饰或代替复数可数名词;little,a little用来修饰或代替不可数名词;few,little表示否定,意为“很少、几乎没有”;a few,a little表示肯定,意为“一些、少许”。.,易混词辨析,练习:He is now out of work and can earn _ money.I from England,but I can speak _ French._ students in this school can spe

37、ak Japanese. They speak Chinese.There are still _ students in the classroom,易混词辨析,little,a little,Few,a few,4.another, other, others, the other和the others(1)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,表示“又一(个),又一些;另外的(人、物),别的(人、物)”,既可用作形容词又可用作代词。(2)other表示“另外的”,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,

38、my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用。,易混词辨析,(3)others泛指别的人或物,是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,some.others.“一些另一些”。others=the other+复数名词。(4)the other表示“两者中的另一个”,onethe other意为“(两者中的)一个另一个”。修饰单数名词意为“(两者中)另一个”,修饰复数名词意为“(两部分中)剩下的,其余的”。(5)the others=the other+名词复数:指剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物),易混词辨析,练习:We need _ four people. _ pe

39、ople may think like that.Some of the questions are hard; _ are easy. He has two sons.One is thin and _ is fat.There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys, _ are girls.,易混词辨析,another,Other,others,the other,the others,5.none,no one (1)none表示三者或三者以上全部否定,意为“全都不”。none既可指人又可指物,通常后接of短语。none用作主语时,谓语动词用单复

40、数均可。none常用来回答how many/much的提问。(2)no one表示三者或三者以上全部否定,与nobody同义,只用来指人,其后一般不跟of短语。no one常用来回答who的提问。,易混词辨析,练习: _ of us want(s) to go,but we have to. Everyone is here; _ is away.,易混词辨析,None,no one,6.every,each 每一个 (1)every用来指三者或三者以上,侧重整体而不指个别,它不能单独作主语或宾语,只有与名词连用或构成复合词时,才能作主语和宾语。every常可用于某些固定搭配中。(2)each

41、则用来指两者或两者以上,侧重于个别情况,可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。作主语时,后接谓语的单数形式,但each作主语同位语时,谓语动词与主语一致。,易混词辨析,练习:He knew by heart _ word in her letter. He gave an apple to _.,易混词辨析,every,each,7.all,both (1)all表示“都”。指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。(2)both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。与“of+代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。 练习: _ of us like Mr.Pope.

42、 Lucy and Lily _ agree with us.,易混词辨析,All,both,8.neither,either (1)neither表示“两者都不”。作主语谓语动词用单数。(2)either表示“两个中的任何一个”,可修饰或代替单数可数名词。作主语谓语动词用单数。练习:_ of the knives is useful_of them was in good health,but both worked very hard,易混词辨析,Either,Neither,三、易混形容词、副词辨析1.alone,lonely alone与lonely意义相近,alone表示“独自一人”

43、的状态,而lonely表示“孤单;寂寞”的情绪。练习:But the children are not _. She was sitting in the bed _ when we went to see her. So we never feel _.,易混词辨析,alone,alone,lonely,2.every,each (1)every和each作形容词时,都是“每一个”的意思,但实际含义并不完全相同。each着重个别情况,而every则着重整体情况。当我们说each child,each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。当我们说every c

44、hild或every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。,易混词辨析,(2)each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物,但every则只能用于指三个或三个以上的数量,不能指两个。练习:The teacher gave a present to _ student. _ student loves his teacher.Two boys entered. _ boy was carrying a large box.,易混词辨析,each,Every,Each,3.big,large,great 在谈论物体大小的时候,big和large都可以

45、用来表示“大的”。big在口语中使用得较多。great主要修饰抽象的东西,表示在范围上或程度上比一般的大。在修饰具体事物时常常带有感情色彩。练习:This box is _. I want a _ box.This one is too small.We like China very much.Its _!,易混词辨析,big,large,great,4.high,tall 都可表示“高”,其区别:high通常用于物之高,而tall常用于指人的个子及细长之物。(building和people用high或tall都可以。)练习:The diver dived off the _ board.

46、The boys are growing _ and _.,易混词辨析,high,taller,taller,5.black,dark 都可作形容词,也可作名词,其区别:black的意思是“黑色”(的),指颜色,其反义词是white;而dark的意思是“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指无光。练习:All the windows have been painted _. It is too _ to read here.,易混词辨析,black,dark,6.real,true 都可翻译为“真的”,其区别:real的意思是“真的,实在的”,用来表示“客观存在而不是想象或虚构的”或“真的而非假造的”。true的意思是“真正的,真实的,确实的,名副其实的”。练习:Its _ that he is married. Is that a _ flower?,

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