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高中英语语法主谓一致详细讲解.ppt

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1、所谓的主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。,一、语法一致性原则,1.如果是each,another,onethe other,neither,either,everyone,everybody,everything,no one,someone,somebody,something,nothing,nobody作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例如:1.No one_ absent.2._ everyone here?3.There are two books,one _ small,the other _ big.4.Either of the anwsers_right.5.Each o

2、f us_(have)an English book.6.We each _ (have) an English book.,is,is,is,is,is,has,have,2.each+名词 and each+名词,many a +名词 and many a + 名词,no +名词 and no +名词 ,every + 名词 and every + 名词 ,(这里的所有名词都为单数)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,例如:1.Many a student and many a teacher _(have) seen the film.Many students_(be) here.2.Each

3、 girl and each boy_(be) praised at the meetings.3.No chair and no desk _(be) permitted to be taken out.,has,are,is,is,3.A/This/That + kind/type of +不可数名词/可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数 One of +名词复数,谓语动词用单数 A/This/That pair of + 名词复数,谓语动词用单数 名词+ of + this/that + kind/type 作主语时,谓语动词与名词保持一致。,例如:1.This kind of apples_

4、highly priced.Apples of this kind_ highly priced. 2.This pair of trousers_ his. 3.A pair of shoes_ under the bed.My shoes _ under the bed. 4.One of them_ damaged.,is,are,is,is,are,is,4.more than one + 名词单数、many a + 名词单数、the number of + 名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 a number of作主语时,谓语动词用复数。,例如:1.Many a student_

5、 busy with his lessons. 2.The number of the students in our class_60. A number of the students _(have) seen the film. 3.More than one person_injured in the accident yesterday.,is,is,have,was,5.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等词作主语,用于表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:1.Fifteen minutes _ not enough. 2.Ten miles_ too much for him. 3.T

6、wentyfive dollars_ too much to pay for the coat. 4.Three pounds _ not enough.,is,is,is,is,6.不可数名词、动名词、动词不定式和从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:1.Seeing_ believing. 2.To see _ believing. 3.To be here _ a happy thing. 4.Saving his life _ my duty. 5.Who will go there _ decided.,is,is,is,is,is,7.由and连接的两个名词,指同一事物,同一人,同

7、一概念作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:1.Bread and butter _ their daily food. 2.The writer and artist _ known to us.The writer and the artist_ known to us. 3.A cart(运货车 ) and horse_seen in the distance.,is,is,are,is,4.A knife and fork _used by him. 5.Early to the bed and early to rise_a good habit.,is,is,由and和bothand连

8、接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:1.Both bread and butter _ popular with children. 2.The black and the white cat_asleep.The black and white cat _asleep. 3.Water and air _ necessary to people.,is,are,are,are,由and连接的两个疑问词,接同一个动词不定式或同一个句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:1.Where to find him and how to find him _unknown to us. 2

9、.How and why he had to come to NewYork _ a story of success.,is,is,8.表示两数相加、两数相乘作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数又可用复数。 例如:1.Fifteen plus/and(加)five_ (make) twenty. 2.Five times(乘) six _ thirty. 表示两数相减、两数相除作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,make/ makes,is/are,例如:1.Fifteen divided(除以) by three _ five. 2.Five minus(减) two _ three.,is,is,9.b

10、oth,few,a few,many,several等词及所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:1.Both of the students/students _the best. 2.Few of my friends _ here. 3.A few/Several girls _ going to see a film.,are,are,are,10.以“s”结尾的表示学科的名词(maths,physics,politics等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,二、逻辑一致性原则,1.当主语是all,most,half,part,the rest等词时,谓语动词取决于它所修饰的名词或所替

11、代的名词的单复数。 例如:1.All _ right.All _ present. 2.The rest of the book _ interesting.The rest of books _ on sale.,is,are,is,are,3.Most of the wood _ used to make chairs.Most of the man _ young people. 4.Half of the house _ damaged.Half of the boys _ going to the library.,is,is,are,are,2. a lot of,lots of,

12、plenty of,some of,all of修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。修饰可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 none of +可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词单复数均可。 none of +不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,(3)amount of +不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 (4)quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词均用复数。 (5)a quantity of + 可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 a quantity of + 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,例如:1.There_ lots of peopl

13、e waiting outside.Lots of water _ going to be wasted. 2.Plenty of water _ needed everyone.Plenty of books _ needed in our school. 3.None of my friends _ here.None of the money _ left.,are,is,are,is,is,is/are,4.Amounts of work _(have) been fishined. 5.A quantity of food _ kept in the cave.Quantities

14、of food _ kept in the cave. 6.A quantity of books _ sold out.Quantities of books _ sold out.,have,is,are,are,are,3.family,crew(全体人员),audience,group,government,team,club,public,class,enemy(敌人),committee(委员会)等集体名词作主语,指整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。指成员时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:1.Our class _ on the fourth floor.Our class _ out.,is

15、,are,2.The crew _ made up of able man.The crew _ busy with their work. 3.My family _ not largeMy family _ watching TV.,is,is,are,are,4.people,youth(年轻人),cattle(牛的总成),police(警察)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:1.The police _ searching for the lost child. 2.The cattle _ eating grass.,are,are,5.population 作为人口讲时,为集合名词

16、,单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The population of China is large than that of Japan. (2)如果population前有分数或百分数修饰作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:Three fourths of the population are famers.,(3)形容人口多少用large/small某地区的人口有多少,用has a population of询问人口多少用Whats the population of,6.如果主语的中心名词后有with, together with, as well as, along with, bu

17、t, besides, except, in addition to, not, rather than, more than, including, like(像),等,谓语动词取就远原则。 例如:1.The teacher with two students_ at the meeting. 2.She not I _going to see a doctor.,is,is,3.The girl as well as boys_(have) seen the film. 4.You rather than he_ punished yesterday. 5.No one but they_

18、 my friends.,has,were,is,7.(1)分数或百分数+不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(2)分数或百分数+可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。(3)one and a half + 名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 (4)one or two +名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 (5)a/an + 名词单数 + or two作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。,例如:1.Three fourths of the surface on the earth _ sea. 2.Two thirds of the people _ against the plan

19、. 3.One and a half apples _ a good meal for the beggar(乞丐 ). 4.One or two days _enough for the work. 5.A day or two _ enough for the work.,is,is,is,are,are,三、意义一致性原则,1.sheep,means,deer,Chinese,Japanese等单复数相同的名词作主语时,谓语动词根据其意义决定。 例如:1.One sheep _ enough.Ten sheep _ missing. 2.Every means _ tried.All m

20、eans _ tried.,is,is,are,are,注意:如果means前有a,such a,this,that,every,each修饰时,谓语动词用单数,如果means前有both,all,these,those修饰时,谓语动词用复数。,2.the + adj./done/doing 表示一类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数。表示事物作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:1.The old _ taken good care of by the government. 2.The injured _ taken to hospital immediately. 3.The beautiful _

21、(give) pleasures to all of us.,are,are,gives,3.(1)one of + 名词复数 + that/who + 谓语动词的复数形式the only/very/just/last one of + 名词复数 + who/that + 谓语动词的单数形式。 例如:1.He is one of the students who _ praised. 2.He is the only one of the students who _ praised.,are,is,(2)在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,其谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。 4.疑问词:whi

22、ch,what,who作主语时,根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 例如:1.Which _ your room.Which _ your rooms. 2.What I say and think_ out of your business.,is,are,are,3.Who _ your brother.Who _ your classmates.,is,are,5.在强调句中,强调主语时,谓语动词与被强调的部分保持一致。 例如:1.It was he that _ invited to the party. 2.It is I that _ your friend.,was,am,6.suc

23、h作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其意义而定。 例如:1.Such _ what he said. 2.She wants to have a big bed and many toys,such _ her wishes.,was,are,四、就近原则,1.Here/There + be/exist/live/stand/lie 连接几个主语时,谓语动词取就近原则。 例如:1.There _ a pen and two books.There _ two books and a pen. 2.Here _ a pen and a few books.Here _ a few books and a pen.,is,is,are,are,2.由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut连接两个主语时,谓语动词取就近原则。 例如:1.Not only he but also his parents _ at home. 2.Either you or I _ wrong. 3._ either you or I wrong? 4.Not you but I _ to answer for it. 5._ neither he nor I for the agreement.,are,am,Are,am,Is,

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