1、Tort Law,Basic Issues,Which kind of cases did tort law take first place ?If a plaintiff brings a suit for damages, whether the plaintiff choose to try before a jury or not in most circumstances in America?What is the range of the compensation and damages of a tort case?A tort verdict is sometimes a
2、very large one, why?,Background,Tort The breach of a duty that results in an injury for which there is a remedy at law.http:/www.legal-dictionary.org/Torts include all negligence cases as well as intentional wrongs which result in harm.,Tort lawThe law of tortsTort 和Delict 的区别 二者均可指侵权行为，区别在于，适用大陆法系法
3、律的州或地区多用delict表示侵权，（如路易斯安那州便通用该词） 故大陆法系中的delict是英美法系中tort的对应词。 Delict is the civil law equivalent of the common-law tort.,Many circumstances,The plaintiff in a civil suit is ordinarily entitled to try his claim before a jury which will often rely more on human than on legal considerations民事诉讼的原告通常会向
4、陪审团提出索赔主张，这主要是出于人道的考虑而不是法律的考虑。,儿童受伤,A permanent disability of loss of a limb,补偿费和损害赔偿金Compensation and damages,Actual loss 实际损害Intangible damage 无形损害A plaintiff can play on the human reaction of the jury原告利用陪审团的人性反应,American law permits,the participation of the attorney in the plaintiffs recovery (c
5、ontingent fee)美国允许律师分享原告所获得的赔偿金（胜诉酬金）Amount to 25 to 33% of the verdict酬金达到法院判付金额的25-33%。,A tort action 侵权诉讼,A lengthy proceeding诉讼程序时间长 Large expenses honoraria for experts 代价大（专家证人的酬金）A very large verdict （ in excess of $100000）判决金额非常大（10万美元以上）,Is it possible for tort law and the law of contracts
6、to overlap? choice,? example,a tortious action plaintiff defendant the injured party tortfeasor think about: 1. the exceptions 2. the third party,Who is liable for tortious act?,“dram- shop acts” 小酒店法令,A party injured as a result of the intoxication of the tortfeasor has a claim against him who cont
7、ributed to the tortfeasors intoxication.作为侵权行为人醉酒之结果而受到伤害的当事人有权向造成该侵权行为人醉酒的人提出索赔请求。,“dram- shop acts”,Dram Shop acts, enacted in the 19th century, usually impose liability for negligence on the sellers of alcoholic beverages for sales to:persons under the legal drinking age, or those who are obvious
8、ly intoxicated. People who serve alcoholic beverages may be liable under state laws for damages resulting from the consumption of those beverages. drunken driving,Tort intentional tort negligent tort presupposition causality duty of care 1.special professional qualification 2. toward particular plai
9、ntiff, but not the public at large exemptions reforms,examples,changing,Contributory negligence,or the injured party has assumed the riskComparative negligenceLast clear chance,Strict Liability Raylands v. Fletcher (1866)No-Fault,The Essential Characteristics of Strict Liability,No-faultGreat dangerousnessSociety-orientedCausalityInversion of the burden of evidenceThe strict limitation of defense,Fault Principle v. Strict Liability,注意义务 （duty of care）违反义务 (breach of duty)因果关系(causality) 包括事实上的因果关系（cause in fact）和近因proximate cause）损害（damage）,因果关系(causality)损害 （damage）,
