1、初三英语考前知识清理,I.语法： 时态问题 (01 1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词” 2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别： shall will be going to +动词原形 be to do sth. be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning. be about to do sth. 3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达： A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态 B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表
2、示原打算做什么） C. was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排 D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望,考前知识清理01,F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情 G. had bette
3、r / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该” II. 句型复习： 1. would (should) you like to do sth. should love to do sth. feel like doing sth. would like to do sth. would like sb. to do sth. such a diligent man that so diligent a man that such a diligent man as such interesting books that such rapid
4、progress that so many (few) people that so much (little) money that so diligent (fast) that diligent (fast) enough to do sth. so lazy (slowly) that he cannot too lazy (slowly) to do sth.,E. wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望,III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (01) agree sb. agree with + sb. / sb.s opinion / what 同意某人
5、意见 sth. agree with sb. 适合 sth. agree with sth. 相一致，相符，和谐 agree on (upon) sth. 就取得一致的意见 agree with sb. on sth. 在方面同意或意见一致 agree to do sth. 愿意（同意）做 agree that.同意是事实或应当如何 注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with 后接“人” 具体的观点和看法：opinion, plan, idea等； what引导的从句 作及物动词用时， agree to do sth. 愿意做 agree that 同意是事实或应当如何
6、,B. 短语记忆： according to 根据 a lot of/lots of 许多 add up to 加起来 a few 一些 again and again 一再，多次 a great deal 许多 all kinds of 各种各样的 a little 一些 a kind of 一种 after all 毕竟 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： absorb vt. accept vt. accompany vt. account v. act v. adapt v. add v. admit v. advance v. advise vt. afford vt. aim
7、 v. answer v. achieve vt. adopt vt. allow v.,考前知识清理02,. 语法： 时态问题 (02) 4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法： A. 不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用 B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词 C. 换用句型It is since did 5. 复合句中的时态问题： A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态 B.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态 C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态 6. 情景中的时态问题 这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析 善于找到判断时态的依据,II. 句型复习： Whats
8、 wrong (the matter, the trouble) with ? Is there anything wrong (the matter ) with ? There is something (nothing ) wrong (the matter) with? Something (Nothing ) is wrong (the matter) with? in order thatmay (might, can, could,) so thatcan (could, may, might) ; so as to (in order to) do sth. do (try)
9、ones best to do sth. do what (everything, all) you can do sth. what he said all that he said III. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (02) look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来， look about 四周打量 look about for 四处寻找 look ahead 预测未来 look like 看起来像 look as if 看起来好像 look well 看起来不错,look sb. up and down 上下打量某 look at 看，望，看
10、待 look after 照看，照管，照顾，负责处理 look back on 回顾， look down upon (on) 看不起，蔑视 look for 找寻，自找（麻烦）， look forward to盼望，希望；预计会有; look in作短时间的访晤（参观）， look in on拜望，顺便来看望 look into调查，了解，研究 look on旁观，在旁边看 look on as把看作 look out 查找，找出；当心，注意 look out for 当心，提防；找寻，注意； look over 翻阅，审读；复习 look round 审视，到处看看；回头望 look th
11、rough 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to 照顾，注意，负责 look up查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量,B. 短语记忆： and so on 等等 a number of 许多 a set of 一套 as a result 结果 as well as 也 at any time 任何时候 at first 首先 at least 至少 at once 立即 at the beginning of 开头，开初 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： appear vi. apply v. appoint vt. appreciate vt. app
12、roach v. approve v. arrange v. assign vt. attack v. attain vt. attemp t vt. attend v. avoid vt. belong vi. bend v. blow v.,考前知识情理03,I.语法： 定语从句 1.引导词的功能：. 引导定语从 . 代替现行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分 2.引导定语从句的连词用法： 连 词 主 句 中 先 行 词 是 在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词) that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语 which
13、物 主语，宾语 (还可以引导非限制性定语从句) where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 (=介词 + which ) when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 (=介词 + which ) why reason 原因状语 (= for which ) as 在限制性定语从句中常和suchas，the sameas 等句型连用.在非限制性定语从句中，可以代替主句中的某一成分或整个句子的意义,3. way 后面的定语从句可由in which , that 引导，或者什么都不要 4. that 在使用中的特殊要求 5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 6. as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别
14、;as常和know, see, understand, expect等词连用；可位于句首；常译为：正如 II. 句型复习： 1. would rather (not) do sth; would rather do sth. than do sth. would rather sb. did (had done) sth; prefer sth. to sth. else prefer doing sth. to doing sth. else; prefer to do sth. rather than do sth; insist on doing sth. rather than do
15、sth. 2. No matter what (whatever) he does; No matter how (However) difficult it is 3. to ones surprise (delight,satisfaction,disappointment, joy) What surprises (delights, satisfies, disappoints, pleases) one is,III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03) appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得 appear to do sth. appear + adj. a
16、ppear + done appear + sth. It appear that. B. 短语记忆： at the edge of 在边缘 at the end of 在末尾 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 a variety of 各种各样的 be annoyed at 生的气 be busy with 忙于 be divided into 分成 be fit for 适合 be fond of 爱好 be full of充满 be grateful for 感谢 be interested in对感兴趣; be known for因出名 be m
17、ade up of 由组成 be satisfied with 对满意,III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03) appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得 appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done appear + sth. It appear that. B. 短语记忆： at the edge of 在边缘 at the end of 在末尾 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 a variety of 各种各样的 be annoyed at 生的气 be busy with
18、忙于 be divided into 分成 be fit for 适合 be fond of 爱好 be full of充满 be grateful for 感谢 be interested in对感兴趣; be known for因出名 be made up of 由组成 be satisfied with 对满意,C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： bother v. build vt. buy vt cease v charge v. change v. check v. choose v. clear v. close v. collect v. commit vt. compa
19、re v. concern vt. consider v. consist vi.,考前知识清理04 句型复习：,4. It seems that sb. do sth. = sb. seems to do sth. It happened that sb. do sth. = sb. happened to do sth. It is said (reported) that sb. do sth.= sb. is said (reported) to do sth. 5. Half of the visitors are Half of the wood is ; Most of the
20、teachers are Most of the water is ; The rest of the books are The rest of the money is One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese.The population of China is larger that that of any othercountry in the world. Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are men. Three-fourths of the surface
21、 of the earth is the sea. A larger number of students areThe number of the students in our school is,II. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (04) make make sth. 做，制造 make sb. do sth. 使得 make sb. (sth.) done make sb. (sth.) + adj. make sb. (sth.) + n. make it + adj.(n.) + that make it + adj.(n.) + to do sth. make it + adj.
22、(n.) + doing sth. make a dash for 赶往，冲向 make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易 make a decision 作出规定 make a face = make faces 做鬼脸，做苦相 make a good effort 作很大的努力 make a record 录制唱片 make a plan for 为作计划 make a note of注意;记下来 make an impression on 给留下（某种）印象，引人注目 make fun of 取笑，和开玩笑，嘲笑 make into把做成；使成为，使变成 be made int
23、o be made from由做的（化学变化） be made of由做的（物理变化）,make it按时到达某处,办事成功,约定时间,及时赶上（火车，轮船等） make ones living 维持生活 make progress 取得进步 make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，装出，把说成是 make room (for) 让地方，让位置 make sense 有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思 make sense of 理解; make sure that.弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清 make sure of make sure to do st
24、h. 一定要做 make . to ones own measure 依照某人的尺寸做 make up 创造，编造；弥补，把补上；化妆，打扮 make up for 弥补; be made up of 有组成（构成） make up ones mind to do sth. 打定主意，决定，决心 make use of 利用 B. 短语记忆： be similar to 与相同 be unfamiliar to 与不熟悉 be used to V-ing 习惯于,because of因为; by hand手工做的; carry out 执行，进行 catch up with赶上; clear
25、off清除，跑开; comparewith与比较; concentrate on聚精会神 consist of 包含; deal with 处理，对付 devote oneself to 献身于; die out 绝种 divideinto 把分成 do harm to 伤害 draw a conclusion 得出结论 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： construct vt. continue v. contribute v. control vt. convince vt. cost vt. count v. cover vt. create vt. cross v. crow
26、d v. cry v. deal v. decide v. declare v. defend vt.,考前知识清理05,I. 语法复习： 状语从句 引导时间状语的连词： after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as, as soon as, hardly(scarcely) when, No sooner than, the time (moment, instant, minute, day) 备 注: 1.hardly, no sooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装 2.si
27、nce引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词 3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法 一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句 引导地点状语的连词： where , wherever 备 注: 后者表示强调 引导方式状语的连词： as, as if, as though, 备 注: as引导的方式状语从句多在句首,引导原因状语的连词： because, since, as, now (that) 备注:语气一个比一个弱for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末 引导结果状语的连词:so that, such (a) that, so that, that 备 注:sothat中的so在句首
28、，主句要部分倒装 引导目的状语的连词：so that, in order that, that, so, 备 注:so that 使用最普遍 引导条件状语的连词： if , unless, in case , as long as, 备 注:注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气 引导让步状语的连词： though, although, even if, even though, as, in spite of the fact, while, no matter wh- , 备 注:as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装 II. 句型复习： 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 在句型 1
29、 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法,2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that . 句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）
30、是主语从句最常见的一种结构 III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (05) consider 考虑 consider that consider what (how) to do sth. consider doing sth. 认为 consider that consider sb. (sth.) + sb. (sth.) consider sb.+ adj. 把看作是 consider sb. to be consider sb. + p.p. consider sb.+ 介词短语 consider . as 把（某人）看作,B. 短语记忆： eitheror 既又 for a moment
31、 一会儿 for a while 一会儿 for example 例如 for instance 例如 from time to time 不时 hand over 递过去 in a hurry 匆忙 in case 万一 in front of 在前面 in line 排队 in no mood 无心思(心情) in other words 换言之 in spite of 尽管 instead of 代替 in the course of 在.期间(过程) C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： delay v. delight v. deliver vt. demand vt. deny
32、 vt. depend vi. deserve vt. design vt desire vt. destroy vt. determine vt. develop v. devote vt. direct vt. discover vt. discuss vt.,考前知识清理06,I. 语法复习： 主谓语一致 01 。语法一致原则： 是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如： 。意思一致原则： 是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。 单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复
33、数。 复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。 同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。 。就近一致原则： 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 II. 句型复习： 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去,5. It is said (reported, learned) that . 句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句该结构常译为“据说（据报道
34、，据悉）” III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (06) come come to do sth. 【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐”后面跟不定式表示作某事的 过程，所跟的动词常是：like, understand, realize, see，know come to + 名词 来到（某地） come to + 数词 加起来，共计 come to + 名词 谈到，涉及到 come to 恢复知觉；苏醒过来 link-v. come + adj. 变得，变成 come + p.p. come to a conclusion 做出结论 come about 发生、产生，造成 come across （偶然
35、）遇到，找到，想到,come to an end结束 come alone vi. 跟上去；快点；进行 come back回想起 come down vi.下降 come down from 从传下来 come from 来自，是（某地的）人 come into being (existence)开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect (force)开始生效 come near (close) to doing sth. 差一点就come off 从离开， 脱落 come on (upon) = come across come out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发
36、芽 come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现 come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来,B. 短语记忆： in the distance 在远处 in the future 将来 just as 正如 lead to 导致 lose ones nerves 害怕 no longer 不再 no more than同.一样不 notat all 一点也不 noteither 也不 no onlybut also 不但而且 now and then不时 on board 在船/车上 once in a while 偶尔 on vacation度假
37、out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失控 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： engage v. enjoy vt. enter v. express vt. examine vt. excuse vt. exercise v. exist vi. expand v. expect vt. explain v. expose vt. extend v. face v. fail v. fancy v.,考前知识清理07,I. 语法复习:名词性从句 (主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句) 1.that 在引导名词性从句中的用法 2.whethe
38、r, if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断 4.what在引导名词性从句中的用法 5.宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题 6.宾语从句中使用形式宾语it的问题及注意事项 7.哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句,最常用用连词用法辨析 what: 从句种类:主、宾、表语从句 功 用:在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语 that: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意；定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表；在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句 whether: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语 功
39、用:在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否” who: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、定 功 用:在从句中充当主语 which: 从句种类:主、宾、表、定 功用:在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个”；在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词一起作状语 when: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”,Where: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作地点状语，词意为：“在何处” how:从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、状 功 用:在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何” why: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、定
40、 功 用:在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么” II. 句型复习： 6. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that . 句型6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省常译为“据建议；有命令） III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (07) need 需要 need sth; need to do sth; need doing 情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句） He neednt go out for such a thing . Need you buy this
41、book ? 需要，必要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数） a friend in need 患难之交 in need of 需要,B. 短语记忆： out of sight 看不见; over and over 再三; refer to意指，提交 since then 从那以后; right away 马上; run away 跑掉 run out 用完，耗尽; side by side 肩并肩; regardas 把当作对待；认为是 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： distribute vt. disturb vt. double v. draw v. dress v. drive
42、v. drop v. fetch vt. fight v. fill v. finish v. fire v. fit v. fix v. fly v. follow v.,考前知识清理08,I. 语法复习： 主谓语一致 02 ）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。 ）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with , together with , as well as , no less than, rather than , like , but , besides , except , as much as, including , along with
43、 .等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。 ）each , some , any , no , every 构成的复合代词；one of +复数名词 , many a , more than one ( a ) 等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。 ） people , police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。 ） majority , population , class , family , group , team , crowd , audience , army , government, company , enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指
44、其中一个一个成员，看作复数。,II. 句型复习： 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should以省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气 III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (08) take take sth. 拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得； take a look at 看一看 take a nap 小睡 take a taxi 打的 take a job 接受(工作) take a bet 打赌 take a chance 碰碰运气，冒风险 take a
45、risk 冒风险 take a seat 坐下 take an interest in 对有兴趣 take a photograph ( of ) 照一张相 be taken up with 忙于（某事）；喜欢 take after 长得像，性格等像 take aim 瞄准; take along 随身携带 take as 看作，认为; take away 拿走；减去；,take back 收回（诺言，话语等）；送还；退（货） take back to 使回想起 take care当心; take care to do sth.;take care that take care of 照料，料
46、理，照顾；当心，注意；处理，对付 take charge (of) 负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管 ake ill (sick)突然生病; take cold 感冒，伤风 take control of 控制住，管住; take delight (pleasure) in sth.喜欢（做）某事 take delight (pleasure) in doing sth. take down 拿下来，取下来；记下来 take effect 开始起作用；生效 takefor (to be) sth.（错）当作，以为是 takefor granted 想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然 t
47、ake it for granted that; take for example 以为例 take hold of 抓住；吸引住,B. 短语记忆： be willing to do sth. 愿意做 devote to 把贡献于 go over 复习 succeed in 成功 give off放出（气味，热） go by 过去，依照 work hard at 致力于 set off (vt.) 引起 pay off 还清 take an interest in 对感兴趣 have effect on 对有影响 set out 出发，开始 have to do with 与有关 believe in 信任 set sail 启航 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思： force vt. forget v. form v. frighten vt. gain vt. gather v. grant vt. greet vt. grieve v. guard v. guess v. guid vt. hand vt. handle vt. hang v. happen vi.,
