1、 1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I: Structure and Vocabulary In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 1. The board deemed it urgent that these files _ right away
2、. A had to be printed B should have been printed C must be printed D should be printed 2. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president. A to be set up B being set up C to have been set up D having been set up 3. The school board listened
3、 quietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for. A be demonstrating B demonstrate C had been demonstrating D have demonstrated 4. Ted had told me that he always escapes _ as he has got a very fast sport car. A to fine B to be fined C being fined D having been fined 5. More than one third
4、of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _ in San Francisco. A previously B predominantly C practically D permanently 6. Prof. Lees book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A that you have observed B that how you have observed C how that you have observed D how what you hav
5、e observed 7. All fights _ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A were canceled B had been canceled C having canceled D having been canceled 8. The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a few pages but with all the details. A concise B clear C precise D elaborate
6、 9. With prices _ so much, its hard for the company to plan a budget. A fluctuating B waving C swinging D vibrating 10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _ healthy. A preserve B stay C maintain D reserve 11. Expected noises are usually more _ than unexpected ones of the like
7、 magnitude. A manageable B controllable C tolerable D perceivable 12. It isnt so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _. A above all B in all C at all D after all 13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees _ what constitutes
8、a benefit to an individual. A on B with C to D in 14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case _ very little. A makes up for B adds up to C comes up with D puts up with 15. A really powerful speaker can _ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement. A work out B wor
9、k over C work at D work up 16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit _ the expenses of the trip. A to B about C in D for 17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _ of maturity. A fulfillment B achievement C establishment D accomplishment 18.
10、 From the tears in Nedras eyes we can deduce that something sad _. A must have occurred B would have occurred C might be occurring D should occur 19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _ you dont mind taking the night train. A provided B unless C though D until 20. Hardly a month goes
11、 by without _ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens. A words B a word C the word D word 21. If you _ Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A shouldnt contact B didnt contact C werent to contact D hadnt contacted
12、22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. A deprives B restricts C rejects D denies 23. I must go now. _, if you want that book Ill bring it next time. A Incidentally B Accidentally C Occ
13、asionally D Subsequently 24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _ they can limit how much water you drink. A much more than B no more than C no less than D any more than 25. Though _ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-
14、town life. A raised B grown C developed D cultivated 26. Most electronic devices of this kind, _ manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed. A that are B as are C which is D it is 27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of _ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.
15、 A what B that C which D such 28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _ without scientific basic. A process B practice C procedure D program 29. We cannot always _ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by
16、 water. A hang on B count on C hold on D come on 30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _ of vegetables in the coming days. A rarity B scarcity C invalidity D variety Section II: Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question the
17、re are four answers marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points) Text 1 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child
18、 at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the fi
19、rst year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some childre
20、n are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned s
21、o easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who
22、eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sente
23、nces, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sig
24、ht and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and t
25、his depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child s babbling (咿呀学语 ), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only t
26、he obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 31. The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was _. A to prove that children are born with the ability to speak B to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any
27、human speech C to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak D to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language 32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _. A they are incapable of learning language rapidly B they ar
28、e exposed to too much language at once C their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak D their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 33. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _. A he is born with the capacity to speak B he has a brain more complex than an a
29、nimals C he can produce his own sentences D he owes his speech ability to good nursing 34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? A The faculty of speech is inborn in man. B Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. C The childs brain is highly se
30、lective. D Most children learn their language in definite stages. 35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _. A have a high IQ B be less intelligent C be insensitive to verbal signals D not necessarily be backward Text 2 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises d
31、irected by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的 ) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has b
32、ecome powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only b
33、ecause they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and producti
34、ve human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a m
35、atter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again - by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, wh
36、o judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode o
37、f production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are
38、ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. 36. By “a well
39、-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is _. A a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligible B working in complete harmony with the rest of the society C an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though funct
40、ioning smoothly D a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly 37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _. A they are likely to lose their jobs B they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life C they are faced with the fundamental realities
41、 of human existence D they are deprived of their individuality and independence 38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _. A who are at the bottom of the society B who are higher up in their social status C who prove better than their fellow-competitors D who c
42、ould keep far away from this competitive world 39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _. A resort to the production mode of our ancestors B offer higher wages to the workers and employees C enable man to fully develop his potentialities D take the fundamental rea
43、lities for granted 40. The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of _. A approval B dissatisfaction C suspicion D tolerance Text 3 When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publ
44、ishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断 ) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Only in the most
45、exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no colour TV
46、 to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, so
47、metimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns t
