1、1The Passive Voice in Different Tenses复习各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态，这其中包括一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态、现在进行时被动语态、现在完成时被动语态、过去进行时被动语态、过去完成时被动语态。要掌握各种时态的主动语态和被动语态的相互转换。一、使用被动语态的原则被动语态由 “be + 及物动词的过去分词” 构成。其中，be 为助动词，其用法与用作连系动词的 be 无论在时态、人称还是在数的方面完全相同，具体见下表：语态时态主动语态 被动语态现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being
2、 + done过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were + being + done一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done一般过去时 did was/were + done现在完成时 have/has + done have/has + been +done过去完成时 had + done had + been + done一般将来时 will/shall + do will/shall +be + done过去将来时 would + do would + be +done在使用被动语态时要注意几点：1）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by + 动词
3、执行者” 可以省略。如：We grow tea in South China.Tea is grown (by us) in South China.2）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。2A child was kidnapped last night.The letters have been taken away.3）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。如：We should take good care of the old people. The old people should be taken good care of.My sister looks
4、 after me at home every day. I am looked after by my sister at home every day.4）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词 to，有时加 for。把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。如：Mr. Li gave me an interesting book yesterday. An interesting book was given to me (by Mr. Li) yesterday. I was given an interes
5、ting book (by Mr. Li) yesterday.5）带有复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只需把宾语变为被动结构的主语，原来的宾语补足语留在原处不动, 成为主语补语。 如：My little sister asked me to read this story for her. I was asked to read this story (by my little sister).He saw the train go away The train was seen to go away.6）含有情态动词的被动语态由 “情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：The
6、flowers should be watered oftenThis work can be easily doneThe room must be kept clean7）在英语中常见的被动结构还有：It is said that据说It is hoped that希望 It is reported（supposed）that据报道推测3It must be admitted（pointed out）that必须承认指出 It is well-known that众所周知二、不能用被动语态的情况英语和汉语一样，其动作都有主动和被动之分，汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结构；同样道理，英语中
7、也有不少动词不能用于被动结构，即被动语态。英语中，除不及物动词不能用于被动语态外，还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构：1）表示静态、容纳、适合等的及物动词。例如：She has a nice carThe woolen coat fits her well2）宾语是动词不定式、动名词。例如：They promised to go with meMr. Smith wanted to have a tryI enjoy listening to pop music3）宾语是反身代词。例如：She hurt herself this morningThey warned themselves to
8、 be careful4）宾语是人身上的一部分或器官。例如：He put his hand on his chest and began to coughI could hardly believe my ears5）宾语是相互代词。例如：They help each other in studyWe must learn from each other6）表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语。例如：She joined the Party last yearMy dad reached Beijing this afternoon7）宾语表示行为、方式。例如：She did her
9、bestWe shall make up our minds48）宾语表示数量、重量、长度、大小等，在意义上相当于状语。例如：They walked two milesThe film lasted one and a half hoursThis desk weighs 10 kilograms9）系动词 sound，look，become，appear 等也不能用于被动语态。例如：Miss Li became a doctor ten years agoThis plan sounds a good one10）一些词，如 happen， take place，occur ，last ，b
10、elong to 等等，在汉语角度看来可用被动结构，但英语只能用主动结构。例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949This car belongs to my uncle11）及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组。例如：I made faces to have the baby laughWe should never lose heart12）一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态，否则意义就变了。例如：I knew that I was wrong then（我当时认识到我错了。）It was known th
11、at I was wrong then（人们当时知道我错了。）13）当宾语是抽象名词时。例如：We showed special interest in science14）当宾语为同源宾语时。例如：We lived a hard life in the old days总之，能否用被动语态，除了应了解英语的一些语法规则之外，还要充分考虑汉语的说话习惯，掌握其普通规律，注意一些特殊情况，否则会出现“中国式英语“，也没法学到 “地道的英语 “。语法专项练习单项填空1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. w
12、as founded C. is founded D. was found2. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken53. This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5. New
13、computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep7. - Id like to buy that coat.- Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold8. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.
14、 is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building9. The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left10. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need11. His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is p
15、ublishingC. is being published D. has been published12. Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking13. These papers _yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written14. The sports meet _ be held until next wee
16、k.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt15. - My shoes are worn out.- _.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.6C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?16. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are17. _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do18. Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held19. Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by20. Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am答案 15 BDDDC 610 BCBBC 1115 AABBA 120 BABDB
