1、1Module 5 Cloning.话题延读(2018山东威海二模)Its hair-raising news for criminals on the run.Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single strand of their hair.While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations,the tec
2、hnique is far from ideal:DNA is easily degradable,meaning it can only be analysed within a certain time period after the crime.But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases,making it far superior to DNA sequencing in many ways.DNA degradation depends on several
3、 environmental factors includingtemperature,humidity and PH.It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms.In contrast,actual hairs can survive for a long timesometimes centuries.After bones and teeth,hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.In
4、 order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals,it is important to understand that proteins are coded by DNA.This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different peoples DNA passes into their proteins.In fact,genetic information in the DNA is tra
5、nslated into amino-acid chains that make up proteins.The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from,so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples.But while the discovery is exciting,the technique is not
6、quite polished enough to be used in the court room.The main task now will be to analyse hair samples from all over the world,which will make it a lot more reliable.The new discovery will boost the significance of hair as evidence in courts,at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been 2c
7、riticised in the US.It will also be of great use in archaeology.1.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.DNA evidence is far from ideal.B.Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.C.Scientists are planning a test of human hair.D.Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.2.Which evidence is more re
8、liable for the police to identify a criminal?A.Lost teeth. B.The footprint.C.Personal belongings. D.Damaged DNA.3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?A.Serving as evidence in courts. B.Possessing genetic information.C.Inferring the height of a person. D.Distinguishing the region of
9、 a person.4.Who will welcome the discovery?A.Criminals. B.Employers. C.Hairdressers. D.Archaeologists.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。尽管大多数犯罪现场都含有人的毛发,但是细胞核 DNA往往缺失,阻碍了案件的侦破。为此,法医界也在积极开发 DNA分析以外的身份识别技术。美国联邦安全实验室近日提出了一种方法,将毛发中的蛋白标志物与 DNA分析相结合,可实现更准确的人类身份识别。答案及剖析:1.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,研究表明,可以通过对人毛发中的蛋白质的分析来确定一个人的身份。故选 D 项。2
10、.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中 After bones and teeth,hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.可知,对骨骼和牙齿的分析数据最为可靠。3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中 The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from,so that we can distinguish b
11、etween current and ancient samples.可知,这一方法不仅可以显示个人身份,还可以显示标本的来源地。4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 It will also be of great use in archaeology.可知,这一发现在考古学研究方面价值极高。故选 D项。3.七选五Life getting you down? Learn to bounce back“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” Nietzsche said.There are a number of ways that can
12、 get us through tough times, help us to bounce back and make us happier.1. Find something you can control.2. But taking small, positive steps in any area of our life can have a ripple effect, enabling us to move forward in the problem area. 3. As a species, we tend to focus on whats wrong rather tha
13、n whats right.But we can benefit a lot from paying attention to whats going right.Psychologists have shown consciously focusing on these good things helps to increase our experience of positive emotions.Check your thinking.4. Leading psychologist Martin Seligman found that the way we interpret the c
14、auses of everyday setbacks can have a significant impact on our ability to cope and our physical health.He also showed we can learn more resilient(有弹性的)thinking styles. Distract yourself.When we are immersed in a problem, it is hard to think creatively about ways to deal with it.It often helps to ta
15、ke time out from the things you are worrying about.5. Not only does this give us a break from what were doing and our worries, its also great for our minds. A.Always do something that is right.B.Its true that there are lots of things we cant control.C.An effective way of taking time out is exercise.
16、D.Next time you are feeling stressed or stuck, give them a try.E.Focus on whats right.F.Next time something goes wrong for you, pause for a moment.4G.The way we think can destroy our own resilience.答案:1-5 DBEGC.完形填空I am a girl, but I was born to be a rebel (反叛者).I like games that can be1 .Some of th
17、e 2 I like, even boys wont play! Wrestling is 3 seen as a sport for men, but I 4 to see if I could do it.Every Saturday morning, I got out of bed early to go and watch my brother 5 .From morning to night, I would sit watching the 6 have all the fun.Since then, wrestling has been part of my 7 . For t
18、hree years, I 8 all the boys and became the best player in the team. If I was in a 9 , nearly all the mothers told their sons: “Dont let that girl beat you.” My best memory of wrestling is when a boy walked off 10 hed lost to a girl. My 11 match was at this years Girls State Wrestling Championships.
19、I was so 12 .I was sure I would win.My heart was beating hard when the match started.I could see 13 but my opponent (对手).When the final whistle (哨子) blew, I had14 by four points.The cameras and lights all turned to me: I was the new wrestling champion.I felt so 15 .But after a few minutes of 16 bein
20、g a champion, pain began to run through my knee. Because I hurt my knee, my 17 of being a national champion ended.Even so, I still 18 to wrestle next year when I go to college.I have 19 that you can do anything you want if you put your 20 into it. 1.A.interesting B.surprising C.dangerous D.famous2.A
21、.sports B.events C.books D.boys3.A.usually B.ever C.rarely D.never4.A.afforded B.argued C.decided D.happened5.A.roll B.run C.fight D.practice6.A.boys B.girls C.teammates D.friends57.A.life B.way C.work D.study8.A.knocked B.hit C.beat D.injured9.A.chance B.training C.match D.sport10.A.shouting B.smil
22、ing C.laughing D.crying11.A.longest B.shortest C.worst D.best 12.A.upset B.great C.pleased D.excited13.A.anything B.nothing C.everything D.something14.A.won B.lost C.led D.gained15.A.surprised B.hopeful C.happy D.nervous16.A.accepting B.suiting C.learning D.enjoying 17.A.story B.plan C.goal D.dream
23、18.A.remember B.believe C.want D.doubt19.A.noticed B.learned C.regretted D.mastered20.A.heart B.time C.foot D.joy语篇解读:这是一篇关于一个小女孩的励志故事。答案及剖析:1.C 根据 rebel这个词,还有后文提到的摔跤,结合常识可知,摔跤是比较危险的。所以答案是 C。2.A 根据下一段提到的摔跤,加上“as a sport”,可推断出最合适的是 A选项。3.A 此句想表达的是“摔跤 被看作是男人的运动”,根据选项比较,最合适的应该是“通常” 。所以答案是 A。 4.C “affor
24、d to do”承担得起某事;“argue”争论;“decide to do sth”决定做某事;“happen to do”碰巧做某事;根据句意可以推断出答案是 C。5.D 根据此段中的“Since then”,上半段是造成作者爱上摔跤的原因之一。所以,作者每周六早上去看哥哥摔跤,这是最符合逻辑的。6.A 上文提到“摔跤基本是男人的运动”,再加上作者去看哥哥摔跤,所以最符合逻辑的是 A。7.A 浏览下文,可见作者是很喜欢摔跤这项运动的;此句“自此以后,摔跤成为我的 一部分”;A.生活;B.方式;C.工作;D.学习。所以答案是 A。 8.C “我 了所有男孩,成为了队伍中最优秀的选手。 ”,所
25、以是战胜了,答案是 C。 69.C A.机会;B.训练;C.比赛;D.运动;后文的男孩的母亲告诉他们不要被女孩子打败,所以最合适的是在比赛中。10.D 此题考查连词,分析这句话的前后因果关系,男孩被女孩打败了,所以才哭着跑出去的。所以答案是 D。11.D 下文讲述的正是那次比赛。阅读下文可知,这次比赛作者赢了,所以不应当是 C最坏的;文中也没有提到或者突出体现比赛的长短,所以答案是 D。12.D 描写作者迎战的状态。因为后面说了作者确定自己会赢,按照逻辑,应该是非常兴奋。13.B 此句想表达的意思就是:除了对手,我谁也看不到。所以 nothing 是正确答案。14.A 后文写到她赢了,所以选项
26、 B排除;因为是结束哨子吹响了,所以选项 C领先,不合适;D.获得。所以答案是 A。15.C A.惊讶,因为上文她确定会赢,所以不存在惊讶,排除;B 和 D不符合常理,而且结合第 16空,可以确定排除这两个选项,并确定答案是 C。16.D A.接受;B.适合;C.学习;D.享受。前文写到,作者赢得了比赛,此时正很开心,所以最符合逻辑的是 D。17.D A.故事;B.计划;C.目标;D.梦想。成为全国冠军,这个对于一直沉迷于摔跤并且打败了无数对手(包括男对手)的小女孩来说,梦想更为合适。18.C A.牢记;B.相信;C.想要;D.怀疑。上文作者因膝盖受伤不能继续摔跤比赛了,但她内心深处仍然想要上大学后继续摔跤。19.B A.注意到;B.学会;C.后悔;D.掌握。通过这件事,作者学会了一个道理,这个逻辑最为通顺。D 项掌握,一般是指掌握一项技能。20.A put ones heart into sth.属固定词组,意思是 “全心关注于、 全心投入到”,所以 A符合语境。7
