1、2019 年高考英语语法必考考点（9）：数词及主谓一致含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、数词 1. 基数词(1)注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。如 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty 等。(2)注意英语中的数量以三位为一个单位，一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个逗号，分别是 thousand, million 和 billion。如：ten thousand10,000; one hundred million100,000,000。(3)数词 hundred, thousand, million, bill
2、ion, dozen, score 表示确切数目时不加s，但若表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式，与 of 构成短语。如：一万：ten thousand；成千上万的：tens of thousands of；两打鸡蛋：two dozen eggs。(4)年代表达方式有两种写法。如：20 世纪 90 年代：in the 1990s 或 in the 1990s。2. 序数词(1)序数词前面一般加 the，多数序数词由基数词加th 构成。如：the fifteenth; 以 y 结尾的基数词变化时，先把 y 改成 i，再加eth。如：twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。如：first,
3、second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 等。 (2)序数词常可缩写，其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th。3. 小数小数点用 point 表示，小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如：0.567zero point five six seven。4. 分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于 1，分母须加s。如：1/5one fifth/onefifth; 3/4three fourths/threefourths。5. 百分数百分号用 percent(
4、per cent)或%表示。如：19.56%nineteen point five six percent。6. 倍数表达法(1)倍数as形容词/副词(原级)as。This bridge is three times as long as that one.(2)倍数形容词或副词的比较级than。This bridge is three times longer than that one.(3)倍数the size/length/weight .of表示比较对象的This bridge is three times the length of that one.(4)倍数what 引导的从句
5、。The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.(5)倍数thatof表示比较对象。The money he earns is three times that of hers.主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数方面需和主语保持一致。主谓一致主要遵循语法形式一致、意义一致以及就近一致三个原则。1. 句子谓语用单数的情况(1)单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式或动词ing 形式或单个从句等作主语时。To go swimming is helpful for shaping your body.【点睛】 what 引导的名词性从句作主语时，若表语是复数形
6、式，则谓语动词用复数。(2)由 and 连接的两个名词若表示单一概念时。A knife and fork is what you need when having a meal.(3)由 and 连接的并列单数主语前有 every, each, no, many a 时。Each man and each woman was asked to give a performance at the party.(4)表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价格、金额、体积等名词的复数作主语或主语部分是一个算式时。To me, 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money
7、.One plus one is/equals two.(5)each, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing 等不定代词作主语时。Everyone has his own interest.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(6) one (every one, any one, either, neither, each one, each)of名词复数时
8、。One of the guests in the party is from South Africa.Every one of us likes the novel.(7)more than one/a单数名词作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语须用单数形式。More than one student was chosen to compete in the contest.2. 句子谓语用复数的情况(1)某些集体名词(如：people, police, staff, cattle 等)作主语时，谓语通常用复数。The police are searching the woods for
9、the lost child.(2)由 and, both . and 连接两个并列主语时。What he says and what he does do not agree.Both the president and the prime minister have attended the lecture.(3)当主语是 clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, jeans, glasses, scissors, compasses 等只有复数形式的名词时。My trousers have been washed already.【点睛】 若这类名词前有 pai
10、r of 修饰时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于 pair 的单复数形式。(4)“the形容词/过去分词”结构(如：the dead/old/rich/injured/unemployed 等)多指某一类人。主语由该结构充当时，谓语动词一般用复数。The blind were given aids by the volunteers outside the theatre.【点睛】 该结构也有表示一类事物的情况，此时谓语动词用单数。The old always gives way to the new.3. 就近一致的情况(1)在 there be 结构中。There is a pen and th
11、ree books on the desk.(2)当 or, either .or, neither .nor, whether .or, not only .but also .等连词连接两个并列主语时。Not only his brothers but also he is good at painting.4. 其他情况(1)主语后面有 as well as, rather than, with, together with, along with, like, but, except 等插入成分，谓语的数与主语保持一致。The Smiths, together with their d
12、aughter, are to arrive on the evening flight.Nobody but three students was in the laboratory at that time.(2)某些集体名词(如：family, team, audience, class, committee, crowd, government, group, party, public 等)作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若指集体中所有的成员时，谓语用复数。Her family is small, but the family are advanced workers.(3
13、)以s 结尾的名词(如：学科名词 politics, 不可数名词 news, 或单复数同形的means, works 等)，要分清其数的关系，才可决定其谓语的单复数形式。Physics seems to be very difficult to many girl students.Different means of transport are available in the city.(4)none, some, all, the rest, half 等作主语时，谓语动词根据其所指意义决定单复数。The rest of the story was dull and all the st
14、udents were bored.主谓一致是历年高考试题中的测试重点之一。一般与其它知识综合起来考察。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。高考重点要求：1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则 (语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，也要特别
15、注意语法一致的原则，而且分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。复习时需注意的要点1、 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。例如：His family isnt large.His family are all fond of music.2、 些名词如 news, maths, physics 等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。例如：The news is wonderful.Physics is an interesting subject.3、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复
16、数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。例如：Five minutes is too short.Ten dollars is enough.4、 主语后面跟有介词 with 或 together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.5、 主语前有 every 或 each 修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Every teacher and every student in our schoo
17、l has been to the Century Park.【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2017 江苏卷 ) The publication of Great Expectations, which _ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是 Great Expectations， “Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的
18、谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选 C。句意：远大前程的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。2. (2017天津卷 ) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B3. (2016湖南卷) Listening to loud music at rock
19、concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C.has D. have【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致以及时态语态。句意：在摇滚音乐会听嘈杂的音乐会会引起一些青少年的听力丧失。主语为动名词 listening，谓语动词用单数。4.（2016四川）Such poets as Shakespeare _widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. A. are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are
20、【答案】A【解析】前句的主语是 poets，后句的主语是 some (works)，都需要复数形式的谓语动词。5. (2015湖南卷) It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take【答案】A6. (2014湖南卷) All we need a small piece of land where we can plant v
21、arious kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. are B. was C. is D. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词 all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的 can 可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故 C 正确。7. (2013湖南卷) The university estimates that living expenses for international stu
22、dents _ around $8，450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450 美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是 living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是 which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。8. (2013江苏卷) Generally, students inner motivation
23、with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】A 9. (2013福建卷) The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited【
24、答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致。 as well as, together with like 等介词或介词逗语连接并列主语时，谓语动词应该与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。此句复含介词前的主语是 musician，故可先排除 B 和 C，句中有明确的过去时间，动词应用一般过去时，所以答案为 B。10. Among the crises that face humans the lack of natural resources.A. is B. are C. is there D. are there【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。这是个倒装句，主语是 the lack，谓语动词用单数。二
25、、单句填空1. (2018新课标 I 卷) While running regularly cannt make you live forever, the review says it _64_ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填 is。2. (2017新课标 I 卷) Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and sa
26、lt;【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为 Fast food. 故填 is。3. (2016新课标 II 卷) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.【答案】is4. (2016新课标 III 卷) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the ta
27、ble. 【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的“believed”可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为 knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填 were。三、单句改错1. (2018新课标 III 卷) “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.“【答案】includes【解析】考查主谓一致。that 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 includes。2. (2018新课标 II 卷) In the
28、summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.【答案】eighteeneighteenth。【解析】考查序数词。 “我的 18 岁生日”, 应用序数词 eighteenth。3. (2014四川卷) Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.【答案】gogoes【解析】考查主谓一致。根据从句主语“a fire alarm”可知, 从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。故将 go 改为 goes。4. (
29、2016浙江卷) He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.【答案】waswere。【解析】考查主谓一致。根据 we 可知, 谓语动词应该用复数形式, 故改为 were。5. (2014陕西卷) Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they looked like rain!【答案】waswere。6. (2013浙江卷) Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my
30、past life andmy only friend.【答案】isare。【解析】考查主谓一致。此处主语是 you, 所以系动词用 are。7. (2012陕西卷) What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.【答案】werewas。【解析】考查主谓一致。There be 句型的就近原则, a student poll 为单数。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. My family as well as I _ glad to see you. A. am B. are C. is D. wa
31、s【答案】B【解析】as well as 连接两主语时，谓语与前面一个主语取得一致，此处 family 强调成员，选 B。2. Of particular interest to visitors _ the large number of bookstores that sell books in different languages. A. have been C. is B. are D. were【答案】C【解析】该句是倒装结构。 “the number of 复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。3. I think John, _ you, _ to blame. A. as well
32、as；are C. rather than；isB. or；is D. except；are【答案】C 【解析】as well as / rather than / except 连接两主语，谓语一般与前面的主语一致。4. The students in our school each an English dictionary.A. have C. have had B. has D. are having【答案】A 【解析】此处 each 为同位语，谓语需与主语 students 相一致，可排除 B，作“有”解的have 一般不用进行时，可排除 D，句中说的是现实情况，不用完成时，排除 C
33、。故选 A。5. Both bread and butter _ sold out in this shop yesterday. A. was C. have been B. were D. has been【答案】B【解析】both.and 连接两并列主语时，谓语一般用复数，所以选 B。注：如果将句中的both 去掉，该选 A。6. Thirty percent of the cattle _ thin, but the rest _ fat. A. are；are C. is；are B. is；is D. are；is【答案】A 【解析】cattle 为集合名词，谓语要用复数，故选 A
34、。7. What he says and does _. A. resist to each other C. does not agreeB. do not agree D. are seldom right【答案】B 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often _ with the workers. A. works C. is working B. work D. are working【答案】A【解析】director 前无冠词，说明 and 连接的是同一个人，and 可译为“兼” ，谓
35、语用单数。如选 C，需将 often 置于 is working 之间。9. Large quantities of fruit _ all over the world from China today.A. is shipped C. has shippedB. are shipped D. have shipped【答案】B 【解析】quantity of 作主语时，谓语一般需根据 quantity 本身的单复数来决定。10. What he _, to be frank, please us present. A. does do C. do do B. does does D. do
36、 does【答案】B13. Have you heard about the new school?No. When and where to build the new one _ yet. A. isnt decided C. hasnt decidedB. arent decided D. havent decided【答案】A【解析】此处应用被动，排除 C、D，主语部分虽然有两个疑问副词 when 和 where，但when and where to build the new one 还只能算一个不定式，所以谓语该用单数，排除B。故选 A。二、单句填空1. (2017北京四校联考)
37、Neither I nor Amy _(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：如果我们忙的话，我和埃米就都不去参加商务会议了。neithernor连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。设空处的单复数形式应与 Amy 一致，根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。故填 is。 2. (2017湖南十三校联考) Our school along with many other brother middle schools _(be) to take another joint tes
38、t next month. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：我们学校连同其他很多兄弟学校下个月还要有一次联考。当主语后有along with 连接的成分时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，故应与 Our school 一致，所以谓语动词用单数。故填 is。3. All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.【答案】is 【解析】we need 是一个省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句
39、。先行词 all 即句子的主语，是不定代词，且由设空后的 a small piece of land 可知，谓语动词需用单数形式 is。4. Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.【答案】is 5. Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：今年夏天，史密斯博士，要和他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。t
40、ogether with his wife and daughters 短语补充说明主语，谓语动词应和主语保持一致。6. Mr Black, as well as the professor who _ (come) from Beijing University, _ (be) to attend our school meeting.【答案】comes; is 【解析】第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，应与先行词一致，the professor 是单数，故谓语动词用单数；第二空是主句的谓语动词，主语是 Mr Black，谓语动词用单数，且本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。7. The popul
41、ation of Jiangsu _ (have) grown to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. 【答案】has 【解析】The population of . “的人口”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。8. 40% of the students in our school _ (be) from the other parts of Hunan, which _ (be) a relatively large number.【答案】are; is 【解析】句意：我们学
42、校百分之四十的学生来自湖南的其他地方，这是一个相对较大的数量。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词应依据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定，本句第一空 40%指代的是 the students，故谓语动词应用复数；第二空 which 指代的是先行词 40%本身，故谓语动词应用单数，且句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。9. Why is the chemical plant closed?Because large quantities of waste water _ (release) into the Yangtze River.【答案】have been released 10. A teacher
43、 of English and class teacher _ (tell)us something about volunteer workers.【答案】is telling 【句意】句意：一位英语老师兼班主任将给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是A teacher of English and class teacher 这是一个老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词使用单数形式。三、单句改错1. (2018安徽合肥八中第一次段考) The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Fri
44、endship Hotel. _ 【答案】minuteminutes 【解析】minute 前面有数词 30 修饰，应用复数形式。2. (2018广东汕头高三质检) Friendship is very important to everyone, especially to me. Now, I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou. 【答案】areis 【解析】考查主谓一致。whose 引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one” ，因此谓语动词应该用单数。3. (2018山西省太原市) In the
45、 early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love. 【答案】twentytwentieth 【解析】考查数词。表示第几世纪要用序数词，故 twenty 改为 twentieth。4. Large quantities of water is needed for irrigation.【答案】isare 【解析】句意：灌溉需要大量的水。quantities of 无论修饰不可数名词还是修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
46、，且此句描述一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。5. Every possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.【答案】havehas 【解析】句意：已采取了各种各样的措施预防空气污染，但天空还是不清亮。means 单复数同形，但是当 means 由 every, each 或 no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。6. Hank as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken go
47、od care of in the center.【答案】areis 7. The population of this city, forty percent of which are Germans, have risen by 15% in the last three years.【答案】havehas 【解析】句意：这个城市 40%的人是德国人，其人口在过去的三年里已经增加了15%。population 指人口多少，如用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。8. I didnt think it one of the best films that has
48、ever been shown here this year.【答案】has 改为 have【解析】主谓一致错误。当先行词为 one of +可数名词复数时，定语从句的谓语用复数。 9. The number of the passengers killed in the accident are surprising.【答案】are 改为 is【解析】主谓一致错误。the number of 作主语时，谓语用单数。10. The idea that, if your house is built in the right position, it might help you succeed in life, seem strange to many people.【答案】seem 改为 seems【解析】主谓一致错误。本句的主语是 the idea，为单数，所以谓语要用单数。四、单句翻译（数词及
