1、Aabide, adhere, conform, comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接 by 表示“ 遵守，同意 ”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接 to 表示“ 遵守”。( 当然 adhere 一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。) Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接 to 表示“ 遵守，符合 ”。All individ
2、uals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接 with 表示“遵守，服从” ，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。abnormal, uncommon, disordered这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和 CET-6 当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的( 但并非
3、罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候) 的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到 40.5 摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tas
4、tes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a. 混乱的，杂乱的； (精神或身体)有病的。We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安
5、排的某种活动 (如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去( 字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”
6、时常与 of 连用。 (这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v. 排斥；排除，不包括在内，与 include 互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from enter
7、ing.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火) ；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。abstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。abstract n. 概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。digest n. (篇幅较长的) 摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader
8、s Digest读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。absurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless
9、.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy 傻小子abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is
10、in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to hi
11、s baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect 四川方言access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值) 。I assessed how mu
12、ch it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。accommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供” 的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供 500 位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford
13、v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供
14、了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。accomplishment, attainment, achievement这三个名词都有“成就” 的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数
15、) ；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就” ，或具体的“成绩”，与 accomplishment 是同义词。accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词 of 连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词 with 连用。The police charged him with murder
16、.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure这一组动词都有“获得，取得 “的意思，在考研和 CET-6 当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v. 多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有“的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain
17、 v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.
18、挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.得到；把 拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的“。A million signatures have been secured. 已征集到了 100 万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for
19、 the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有“严重的，重要的 “意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病) 。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为“关键的“ ，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与 crucial 相似。与 crucial 的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指“ 批判性的，分析性的“。It is critical that
20、 you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，否则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为“决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的“，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为“ 紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的 “，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调“紧急的“ 状态。We have an urgent need for help; we are runni
21、ng out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有“调整、改变 “的意思。adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物( 机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有“控制“ 之意。Lights are used to regulate
22、the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正 (错误、文章、合同等 )。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a deci
23、mal currency system in 1971.英国于 1971 年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modif
24、y his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。admit, confess, concede这几个动词都有“承认“ 的意思。admit
25、v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认 (罪行、过错等)，含有“ 坦白、招认“的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指“以退为进“的承认。The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警
26、察承认他是肇事人。affiliate, link, attach, append这一组动词都有“附加“ 的意思。affiliate v. 加入，成为一部分。an affiliated middle school 一所附属中学link v.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与 attach 的意思比较接
27、近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有“声称“ 的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是 deny 的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭
28、实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车
29、就会有所减少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立 )。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。aggravate, reinf
30、orce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有“加强“ 的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等) 加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行
31、，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于 to become stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v. 使变得更
32、强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于 to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors 加深色彩 intensify hatred 加深仇恨alert, cautious, considerate这一组形容词都表示“小心的，谨慎的 “。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spendi
33、ng money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a. 关心他人的，体贴的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟“活“ 有关。alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive 所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，We w
34、atched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。Who is the worlds greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？living room 起居室lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘总是欢声笑语忙个不停。ambiguous, obscure, vague, unc
35、lear, dim 这一组形容词都有“模糊 “的意思。ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。obscure a. 用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometime
36、s difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear wri
37、ting is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有“减少，减轻 “的意思。alleviat
38、e v. 在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。diminish v. 指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v. 指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。The populatio
39、n decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。allocate, separate, detach, divide这一组动词都有“分开“ 的意思。allocate v. 分配，把拨给。The city government allocated m
40、oney for schools and the police in this years budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。The huge corpora
41、tion is divided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司B bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex这一组词都有“迷惑” 的意思。bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for
42、the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other one
43、s.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。blame, condemn, reproach, scold这一组动词都有“责怪” 的意思。blame v.责
44、怪，把归咎于。You cant blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp,
45、invalid这一组形容词都有“弱” 的意思。brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。He s feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a. (指人 )体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old
46、 and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teachers question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思但是缺乏证据。A bad car
47、accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge这几个名词都有“边界” 的意思。boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。We crossed the Mexican border into the USA.我们穿过
48、墨西哥边界进入美国境内。frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为“未开发的领域” ， “(学术的)前沿”等。The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。verge n. ( 道路、花坛等长着草的) 边缘，引申为“ 某事即将发生之际”。on the ve
49、rge of war 战争爆发之际brief, concise, curt, succinct这一组形容词都有“简短的”意思。brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有“虽短但却不失全面“的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job. 他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有 “草率”的意思。He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , “I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说：“我没时间搭理你。 ”succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有 concise 的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要bush, shrub, jungle这
