1、词组1 soon after 不久之后 2 publish a newspaper 出版一份报纸3 hold a meeting 举行会议 4 write a report about sth. for sb. 就某事写一篇报告给某人5 after school 放学后 6 at the next meeting 在下一次会议上7 decide to do 决定做某事 8 elect sb. to be sth. 选某人做9 the chief editor 主编 10 vote for sb. 投票给某人11 take charge of负责12 ought (not) to = shoul
2、d (not) 应该13 ask for suggestions征求建议 14 class / school newspaper 班/校报15 the Reading Club 读书俱乐部 16 take notes 做记录，做笔记17 different sections of the newspaper 报纸的不同栏目18 talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事19 make a list of sth. 列出的清单 20 be free to sb. 对某人是免费的21 pay sb. money for sth. 为
3、付给某人钱 22 have different ideas 意见各异23 a bit longer (时间)久一点 24 make a decision about sth. 做决定25 agree to do 同意做某事 26 agree with sb. 同意某人27 agree on sth. 在上达成一致 28 conclude the meeting 结束会议29 in one weeks time = in a week 一个星期后 II. 词性转换1. consider (v.) 考虑 (in)considerate (a.) (不) 体谅人的2. publish (v.) 出版
4、 publishing (n.) 出版 publisher (n.) 出版者( 社)3. edit (v.) 编辑 editor (n.) 编辑 4. choice (n.) 入选者 choose chose chosen (v.) 选择5. vote (v.) 投票 voter (n.) 投票人 6. elect (v.) 选举 elector (n.) 选举人 election (n.) 选举7. suggest (v.) 提议 suggestion (n.) 建议 8. experience (n.) 经验 experienced (a.) 有经验的9. brief (a.) 简短的 b
5、riefly (ad.) 简短地 10. decide (v.) 决定 decision (n.) 决定11. conclude (v.) 结束 conclusion (n.) 结论 12. responsible (a.) 有责任的 responsibility (n.) 责任13. (dis)agree (v.) (不)同意 (dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意 14. read (v.) 阅读 reader (n.) 读者 III. 语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfiel
6、d School wanted to publish a newspaper. soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后” 。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeting.句中的 hold 作动词，意为“举行” 。此处 hold 可用 have 代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor. elect 此处意为“选举，推选” 。elect sb. to be 意为“选举某人担任（职务） ”也可表示为: elect sb. as 4. Tony suggested that we sh
7、ould choose Joyce, because she has experience.句中 experience 作不可数名词，意为“经验” 。当作不可数名词时，意为“经历” 。have experience 可意为 be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.句中的 charge 为名词，意为“任务，责任” 。常见的搭配有：take charge of 和 in charge of 。此处 take charge of 与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换。6. She
8、said that we ought to elect a secretary next. ought to 是个助动词，意为“应该” ，与 should 同意。7. She asked for suggestions. ask sb. for .意为“向某人寻求”suggestion 意为“建议” ，为可数名词；与 advice 的不同之处在于，advice 为不可数名词。 8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves句中 talk sth. over 是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should
9、 it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?free 意为“免费的 ”，be free to sb.意为“对免费” pay for 意为“付款” 。【比较】spend, cost, take, pay(1) spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型： (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. (sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. (2)take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语 it 或物。句式是： It takes/took
10、 sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. (3) pay 为“付款、赔偿” 之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如： (4) cost 的主语必须是某物。常用用法是 sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.have different i
11、deas 意为“意见各异 ”。a bit 意为“一点” 。1）a bit 不能直接修饰名词，须用 a bit of。2）a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then. agree to do something 意为“同意做某事” ；agree with 意为 “同意，赞成 ”，后接表示人或意见观点的词；agree on/upon/about 意为“在某方面达成一致意见” 。IV. 语法一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句，not 放在情态动词之
12、后，其缩写形式为 cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt 等。二、主要用法。1. 用 can, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意为“能够 ”，否定形式为 cannot 或 cant。 如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could 是 can 的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如 yesterday, last week 等） ，我们不用 can 或 cant，而用 could 和 couldnt。 如：When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) b
13、e able to 一般可以代替 can，也可以表示能力。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could）,而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式。 如：My little brother has been able to write.2. 用 must 与 mustnt, have to 与 dont have to, neednt 表示义务。(1) must 用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事” ，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt 是 must 的否定形式，
14、表示“禁止；绝不允许” ，具有强制性。如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must 没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用 had to 代替 must。此外，have to 侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。 如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to 与 neednt 是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如：It has
15、 just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garde(n.)You neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must 用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如：Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗？- Yes, we must. 是的，我们一定要走。- No, we mustnt. 不，我们不可以走。 Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？- Yes, you must. 是的，
16、你一定要完成。- No, you neednt. 不，你不一定要完成。从以上例子中可以看出，用 must 提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是 mustnt。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用 mustnt 或 neednt 来回答。3. 用 can, could 与 may 表示“ 许可” 。(1) 在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词 can, could 和 may。can 最为常用；could 较为婉转，更有礼貌；may 则比较正式。如：Can I open the window? - Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you cant.Could I bor
17、row a pencil, please? -Yes, certainly. / No, Im afraid not.May I leave early today? - Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用 can 或 may，而不用 could。如：Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you ca(n.)May I sit here? - No, you may not.4. 用 can, could 与 would 表示“请求” 。当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用 can, could 和 wo
18、uld 这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时，could和 would 则很少使用。如：Can you open the window? - Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly.Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, Im afraid not.常见的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常见的否定回答：Im afraid I cant / Of course not.5. 用 must 和 cant 表示“猜
19、测” 。(1) must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定” 。如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) cant 表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为“不可能” 。如：Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.6. 用 should 和 ought to 表示“义务”和“建议” 。(1) should 和 ought to 表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。如：You should / ought to put your
20、rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 或 oughtnt to。构成疑问句，把 ought 提前至主语前。如：You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should 和 ought to 用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。如：Ought I to finish my homework now?- Yes, you ought to.(4) should 和 must 的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为
21、或给予他人一些建议，不具备强制性；而后者意为“必须” ，用于规定或约束他人的行为，具有强制性。如：You shouldnt be cruel to animals.You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should 和 ought to 常与动词 think 连用。如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes.Its late. I think I ought to go home now.宾语从句一、概念。在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语
22、从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。宾语从句的构成为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他” ，其语序是陈述句语序。三、引导词。1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词 that 引导（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） 。如：We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词 why, when, where, how 或连接代词 who(m), what, which 引导。 如：Do you know why I like team sports?I dont know how they got the
23、tickets.3. 如从句是一般疑问句，用连接词 whether 或 if 引导（口语中常用 if） 。if 和 whether 意为“是否” 。如；I dont know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词 whether 引导，特别是与 or not 连用时。如：I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、时态。1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I tell him that
24、 I moved to Beijing last year.I have heard that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。如：He said that there were no classes yesterday.Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that light travels much faster
25、 than sound.五、从句的简化。1. 当主句谓语动词是 find, see, watch, hear 等感官动词时，从句可简化为 “宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground.- She found the wallet lie on the ground.I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.- I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 当主语谓语动词是 wish, decid
26、e, plan, agree, hope 等，且主句和从句的主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.- She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在连接副词/代词引导的宾语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接副词/代词+不定式 ”的结构。如：I havent decided when I will leave for Beijing.- I havent decided when to leave for Beijing.Ca
27、n you tell me how I can get to the station?- Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同时，从句有时也可简化为“whether + 不定式”的结构。如：I am not sure if I will go with you.- I am not sure whether to go with you.He doesnt know whether he will stay here or not.- He doesnt know whe
28、ther to stay here or not.Section2:1. 词组(1) 举行一次会议 hold a meeting(2) 就他们的会议内容向校长写了这份报告 write this report about their meeting for the headmaster(3) 决定选出主编 decide to elect the chief editor(4) Tony 建议我们选择 Joyce Tony suggested that we (should) choose Joyce。(5) 选择她 vote for her(6) 选择 Joyce 担任主编 elect Joyc
29、e (to be) the chief editor(7) 掌管会议 take charge of/be in charge of/be responsible for the meeting(8) 征求建议 ask for suggestions(9) 开始做纪录 start taking notes(10)负责报纸不同的版面 be responsible for different sections of the paper paper 做报纸可数(11)要求他们自己讨论一下 tell them to talk it over among themselves talk over = di
30、scuss(12)在下一次会议上做出决定 decide at the next meeting/make a decision at the next meeting(13)罗列一些其他的事项 make a list of some other things(14)简单地讨论了最后一个问题 consider the last question briefly(15)再考虑一段时间 think about this a bit/a little longer(16)同意结束会议 agree to conclude the meeting(17)安排一周后/二周后举行第二次会议arrange to
31、 have the next meeting in one weeks time/two weeks time(18)在意见上达成一致 agree on ideas(19)你该赢 You deserved to win!(20)我为你高兴! Im delighted for you!(21)多可惜啊! What a shame!/What a pity!(22)选我做班长 elect me monitor(23)一点不错!/完全同意 You can say that again! = I cant agree more!2. 词性转换 （动词注意时态，名词注意单复数）elect v. 选举 e
32、lection n. edit v. 编辑 editor n.suggest v. 建议 suggestion n. experience un.经验 experienced adj. experiences cn. 经历read v. 读者 reader n. brief adj. 简单的 briefly adv.decide v. 决定 decision n. conclude v. 总结 conclusion n.choose v. 选择 choice n. agree v. 同意 agreement n. youth n. 青年时期 young adj. in ones youth =
33、 When sb. was youngcongratulate v. 祝贺 congratulation n. (常用复数) delight v. 使高兴 delighted adj. design v. 设计 designer n. different adj. 不同的 difference n.3. 语法(1) the other, other, others, the others, another 区别onethe other 表示（二者中）另一个的；Now open the / (your) other eye.好了，睁开你的另一只眼吧。 another 也表示“ 别的、另一 ”后可
34、加单数名词 e.g. Can you give me another pen? 你能给我别的笔吗？表示“再、又一个” 加复数名词 e.g. Shes still got another three questions to answer. 她还有三道题要答 the other + n.(复数) = the others 指“除去前者后，剩余的全部”，e.g. In our class, ten are boys and the others are girls.other+ n.(复数) = others 指“除去前者后，剩余的全部中的一部分，e.g. Some cleaned the win
35、dows, others mopped the floor in the class. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。(2) spend, cost, take, pay 区别sb. spend money/time on sth. sb. spend time (in)doing sth.sth. cost sb. moneyIt takes sb. time to do sth.pay (sb.)( money) for sth.(3) agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致 (price, point) agree to sth. 同意某事
36、（ plan, idea） agree to do sth. 同意做某事(4) 宾语从句 主从句时态一致Joyce said that the other three would be editors of the paper. Joyce 说另外三个人将会是报纸的编辑。陈述语序 Can you tell me how I can get to the station? = Can you tell me how to get to the station?whether 和 if 在宾语从句中表示“是否” 时，whether 适用范围比 if 广 （whetheror not）The paper asks whether or not you have discussed the competition. 报纸问你们是否讨论过竞赛的事但是 if 可以用在条件状语从句里表示“如果”e.g. If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.
