1、句子的构成I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.谓语 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of
2、the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. 表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some book
3、s. please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games.宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out
4、. We must keep it a secret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music. I stayed awake un
5、til 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.状语 用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because h
6、e got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.基本句型 主语+系
7、动词+表语（主系表） 主语+不及物动词+（其他成分） 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+ 宾补 He went. He went there. He went there yesterday. He went there to see his mother yesterday. He went there to see his mother ill in hospital by bike yesterday.英语中常用的十种时态.一般现在时1. 谓语构成：be (am, is, are), have (have, has)其他动词第三人称
8、单数做主语时，谓语动词词尾加-s 或-es, 其余人称作主语时，一律用动词原形。(1).结尾是-s,-sh, -ch, -x 或-o 加-es. 如：discusses, finishes, reaches, fixes, goes(2).结尾是辅音字母+y 的，变 y 为 i 再加-es 如：fly flies, study studies2. 一般现在时的使用（1）表示经常发生的或习惯性的行为或状态。常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, every day, on Sundays, never 等。（2）在时间状语、条件状语、让步状
9、语从句中常用一般现在时表达将来时的概念，主句用将来时。Exercises:学生们经常在物理实验室做实验。你吃了这药之后会感觉好一些的。只要明天不刮风我就去溜冰。即使明天下雨我也得走。1. The students often do experiments in the physics laboratory.2. After you take this medicine, you will feel better.3. As long as it is not windy tomorrow, I will go skating.4. Even if it rains tomorrow, I wi
10、ll leave .一般过去时1. 谓语构成: be (was were)， have (had),其他人称用过去式。2. 一般过去时的使用：(1).表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 yesterday, last Sunday morning, last year, two hours ago, just now, the other day, once upon a time 等表示过去的时间状语连用。(2). 在复合句中全句描述过去将来的事，主句用过去将来时，时间状语、条件状语、让步状语从句用一般过去时。Exercises:1.吃完早饭，他列了一个购物单，拿起购物筐就出去采
11、购了。2.他告诉我下次再来时送我礼物。3. 他说即使第二天上午下雨，他也不再呆下去了1. After breakfast, she wrote a shopping list, took the shopping bag and went out shopping.23. He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning. He told me that he would give me a gift when he came again.一般将来时1. 谓语构成：shall (第一人称),will (三个人
12、称) + 动词原形，(shant, wont)2. 一般将来时的使用：表示将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 tomorrow， tomorrow afternoon, next Sunday morning, next month, next time, in a few days 等表示将来时间的状语连用。Exercise：(1).下星期日上午，如果作业不多的话，我会和我的朋友去滑冰。(2).从现在起我会更加努力学习数学和英语。(1). Next Sunday morning I will go skating with my friends if there is not much
13、 homework.(2). From now on I will work harder at maths and English. 其他表示将来时的方式 be going to +动词原形, “打算、准备、计划、即将”. 常用来表示已经决定或安排妥要做的事，或用来表示根据某种情况判断，必然会或很可能发生的事。(1). 今晚我不打算看电视了，因为今晚的电视节目不好。(2). 天很阴，我肯定天会下雨的(1). Next Sunday morning I will go skating with my friends if there is not much homework.(2). From
14、 now on I will work harder at maths and English. 其他表示将来时的方式 1. be going to +动词原形, “打算、准备、计划、即将”. 常用来表示已经决定或安排妥要做的事，或用来表示根据某种情况判断，必然会或很可能发生的事。(1). 今晚我不打算看电视了，因为今晚的电视节目不好。(2). 天很阴，我肯定天会下雨的。(1). Im not going to watch TV tonight, because tonights TV program is not good.(2). Its very cloudy. Im sure it i
15、s going to rain.2. be to+动词原形，表示预定的或安排好要进行的动作，或表示命令、要求等。(1). 会议定于下星期一召开。(2). 明天修理这辆汽车。(1). The meeting is to be held next Monday.(2). This car is to be repaired tomorrow.3. be about to +动词原形, “正要，就要” ，表示即将要进行或发生的动作。Exercise:我朋友就要动身去加拿大了。My friend is about to leave for Canada. 过去将来时1. 谓语构成: would 或 s
16、hould+动词原形2. 过去将来时的使用：表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。过去将来时态常常有一般过去时态的动作陪衬。(1). 我朋友告诉我，再过一个月他开始学习德语。(2). 那天他说他当天不回家了。(1). My friend told me she would begin to study German the next month.(2). He said he would not come back home that day.其他表示过去将来时的方式：1. was / were going to +动词原形 “过去打算”2. was / were to +动
17、词原形 “定于，即将”3. was /were about to +动词原形 “正要，正准备”. 现在进行时2. 现在进行时的使用：(1). 表示说话时正在进行的动作。(2). 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。(3). 用来代替一般将来时，表示不久将要发生的动作。主要用于 come, go, leave, arrive, start 等动词。Exercise:(1). 迈克正在写感谢信。(2). 中国在医学上正迅速发展。(3). 明天他们就要乘飞机来了。(1). Mike is writing a letter of thanks. (2). China is making great ad
18、vances in medicine.(3). They are coming by plane tomorrow. 过去进行时 1. 谓语构成：was / were +动词的现在分词2. 过去进行时的使用：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作句中往往有过去的时间状语。句中的过去时间状语往往是 then, at that time, this time yesterday, the whole morning yesterday, at 10:00 last Sunday night 等。昨天一上午他们都在开会。They were having a meeting the whole
19、morning yesterday. 现在完成时1. 谓语构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词2. 现在完成时的使用：表示到说话时为止已经做过的动作，或表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。常与 already, yet(用于疑问句或否定句), up to now= so far= by now= till now, just, ever, never, recently, in the last/ past few years, in recent years, since two years ago, for a few days 等连用。Exercises: (1).我还没做
20、完作业呢。I havent finished my homework yet.(2). 到现在为止她共获过五次奖。Up to now she has won five prizes. 现在完成时的谓语动词如果是点动词，在肯定句中不与表示一段时间的 since 短语和 for 短语连: My brother has joined the army since 4 years ago. My brother has been in the army since four years ago. My brother joined the army 4 years ago. . 过去完成时1.谓语构成
21、：had+动词的过去分词2. 过去完成时的使用：表示过去某一时刻之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作。Exercises：(1).直到上周末为止，我们还没有得到有关那件事的消息。(2). 他来的时候我已经等了近半个小时了(1). Up till last weekend we hadnt got any information about that matter.(2). When he came, I had waited for nearly half an hour. 现在完成进行时1. 谓语构成：had been + 动词的现在分词2. 过去完成进行时的使用：表示从过去某一时间开始的动作，一直延续到过去另一时间而且还依然在进行。如：到上周末，史密斯夫妇已经在中国旅游了 60天了。By the end of last week, the Smiths had been travelling in China for 60 days.
