1、1高中英语教学案 语法填空解题技巧-解题思维导图根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：1. 词性转换 形容词、副词、动词名词2. 名词所有格1. 词性转换有提示词2. 比较级或最高级, 加前缀变成其反义词形容词同形容词副词语法填空解题思路时态，注意常考时态作谓语语态，即被动语态语气，即虚拟语气动词1. 词性转换 1. to do 表:将来/目的不作谓语2.非谓语 2. V-ing 表: 主动/进行3. V-ed 表:被动/完成名词之前,尤其是泛指 ”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用 a/an,特指用the 冠词当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意 搭配
2、常为介词考查主要内容依据。介词2在无提示词题型当中 ：下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(a/an)1._+可数名词(单数) ；2._+形容词+ 可数名词 (单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(the)1._ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；2._ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；3._ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。（1 ） There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 无
3、提示词空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子） ；前后都是并列单词或短语1. 单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2. 一个句子+并连/ 从连+一个句子3. 从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句） ；连词人称代词、不定代词、反身代词物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词; 名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。代词指代上文事物形式主语形式宾语强调句型It 的用法 3（2） When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was _ shy, nervous perfection
4、ist. (3)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away. 解题技巧 二在无提示词题型当中，空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)，it 等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。因为句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查。1. He asked his te
5、acher, “Sir, the water is awful. Why did you pretend to like _ ?”2. Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.3. I wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that I had caused _ .解题技巧 三1. 连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填
6、并列连词 and, or, but 等。2. 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填 and, but, while, when, or 等 )还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。定语从句（who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where, why 等）;名词性从句（what, that, which, if, whether 等）;状语从句（when , wh
7、ere, why, how, though 等）(1) It was not long _ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. 4(2) But nothing changed until midterm, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. (3) Jane paused in front of a counter _ s
8、ome attractive ties were on display.(4) One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.在有提示词题型当中：解题技巧 四在有提示词题型当中，词性转换解题常可利用以下语法小则作为判断依据：1. 介词、冠词、所有格后接名词；2. 形容词修饰名词；3. 副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。(1) “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude). (2) As far as I am concerned, my _ (su
9、ggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. (3) This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. (4) _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good t
10、han harm to the students and the nation.解题技巧 五在有提示词题型当中，通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the 时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。1. One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher 2. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. 5When it was
11、time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that night. 3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time.解题技巧 六规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的
12、试题，解答这种类型的题目时，我们需按照“找逻辑主语、判断关系、判断形式”三个步骤来解题，即“第一，找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；第二，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，主动？被动？还是表示目的或者将来？ 第三，判断非谓语动词的形式。 ”注意：在语法填空中，首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语” ，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。1. 非谓语动词作状语的题型：非谓语动词作状语的题型：(1)_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the m
13、ountain is a sea of trees.(2) It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.(3) _ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. 2. 非谓语动词作定语的题型：非谓语动词作定语的题型：(1) A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.(2) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ (repair) first is the library.
