1、学大教育个性化教案1 / 12语法填空专题 （一）适用学科 英语 适用年级 高一适用区域 全国 课时时长 120 分钟知识点 纯空格题 ：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。所填词 (答案 )都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007 年高考所填词均长 4.1 个字母，其中，纯空格的答案只有 2.4 个字母；2008 年所填词均长 4.45 个字母，其中纯空格的答案只有 3.8 个字母。
2、教学目标 使学生掌握高中英语语法填空题型的做题方法教学重点 语法填空题型解题方法教学难点 怎么判断所给词的正确形式教学过程一、 复习预习句子基本结构的划分？主、谓、宾定、状、补二、 知识讲解与例题精析纯空格题 ：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。学大教育个性化教案2 / 12所填词 (答案 )都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007 年高考所填词均长 4.1 个字母，其中，纯空格的答
3、案只有2.4 个字母；2008 年所填词均长 4.45 个字母，其中纯空格的答案只有 3.8 个字母。特别提醒：尽管两年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带 to 的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。解题高招1. 通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境，试填空格。
4、读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下 7 个技巧：技巧 1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：例 1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there
5、 almost in a second. (2007 年茂名一模) 解析：and 连接前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知， “马上可到达那里”的是 the message，替代 the message 用代词 it。技巧 2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词) ，很可能是填限定词。如：例 2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickl
6、y. (2008 年广东高考)解析：名词 rice crop 前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的” 禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词 his。学大教育个性化教案3 / 12例 3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007 年广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词 town 前还没有限定词，应填限定语；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里
7、大约有 20 公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填 a。技巧 3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例 4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007 年广东高考)解析：因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“ 当作”，用介词 as。技巧 4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例 5two world-fam
8、ous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因与 Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与 Candido Portinari (坎迪多 波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填 and。例 6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of wha
9、t life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模)解析：因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填 and。技巧 5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子 )之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例 7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)解析：因 I wanted to是一个句子， I was to return也是一个
10、句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填 before。例 8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy (2008 年广东高考)解析：因 He was very tired是一个句子，he felt very happy也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，学大教育个性化教案4 / 12也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与
11、“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填 but。技巧 6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。例 9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. (2007 珠三角五校联考)解析：句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语从句，空格后的 be considered 是谓语；因其中的 be 是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词 do
12、es(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数 )；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词 may。例 10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析：这是一个由 but 连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时；可是，bring 却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不附，也与主语 he 不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动
13、词或表示强调的助动词 did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词 did(的确) 技巧 7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由 it isthat强调结构形式，判断填 it 还是 that。如：例 11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (2007 年广州一模)解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填 it。(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly,
14、 seldom, not, until, had 等，还是填 do, does, did 等。如：例 12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由 can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词 only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。(3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填 it。如：学大教育个性化教案5 / 12例 13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paint
15、ings by two world-famous artists (2008 年佛山二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语 it。例 14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid是真正的宾语，easy 是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的 it。(4)so /sucht
16、hat句型。如：例 15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 sothat句型，应填 that。(5)morethan (与其说不如说，比更)句型。如：例 16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. (2007 深圳宝安期末)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 mor
17、ethan句型，故填 that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧 8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例 17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模)解析：因主语 His fe
18、ar of failure 后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与 keep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词 played 可知，要用一般过去时，故填 kept。例 18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模)学大教育个性化教案6 / 12解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词 declined，但由 and walked 可知，所填词与 declined 和
19、 walked 是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式 closed。例 19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007 梅州二模)解析：因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由 were treated 可知，要用一般过去时，故填 were taken。技巧 9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing 形式、ed 形式，还是用不定式形式
20、，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例 20 but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007 年佛山一模)解析：因 it 是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填 to memorize。例 21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语 wont make，所以 speak 应为非谓语动词；谓语
21、前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填 Speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：例 22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语 will have to work，所以 complete 应为非谓语动词；因“( 为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填 To complete。例 23 Some people say that oldest ch
22、ildren, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). (2008 年佛山一模)解析：因在形容词 likely 后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填 to succeed。(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：例 24 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008 年东莞一模)解析：句中已有谓语 saw，所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动
23、词；又因 He 与 say 是主动关系，学大教育个性化教案7 / 12故填 saying 作伴随状语。例 25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有谓语 went，而 follow 又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因 the headmaster 与 follow是被动关系，故用过去分词 followed 作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing 形式，是被动关系用ed 形式。如：例 26 There will be a me
24、eting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008 年广州二模) 解析：因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明 a meeting，故填 starting。例 27 Lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)解析：因句中已有谓语 can help，所以 learn 应为非谓语动词；又因 lesson 与 learn 是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故
25、填 learned。(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧 10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：例 28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词 felt 后作表语，用形容词，故填 silent。例 29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词
26、，作定语，故填 dangerous。例 30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填 interested。技巧 11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例 31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation
27、 will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.学大教育个性化教案8 / 12解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological 是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由 are 可知，主语是复数，故填 achievements。例 32 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007 年茂名二模)解析：在句中作及物动词 have made 的宾语，要用名词形式
28、；表示 “作贡献” ，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填 contributions。例 33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008 年三校联考)解析：因 with 是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填 information。技巧 12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词 )”后，用名词形式。如：例 34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to tho
29、se found elsewhere. (2008 年广州二模)解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填 similarities。例 35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填 operation。技巧 13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例 36 As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I fount
30、that (2008 年深圳一模)解析：修饰动词 looked，作状语，用副词，故填 closely。例 37 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008 潮州期末)解析：要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong，作状语，用副词，故填 seriously。例 38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008 年惠州三模)解析：修饰 b
31、ecause 引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填 mainly。学大教育个性化教案9 / 12技巧 14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加 un, im等，在词根后加less 等。如：例 39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可
32、知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填 useless。例 40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。技巧 15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：例 41there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _34_ (attract)
33、 (2008 年广州一模)解析：尽管 attract 是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词 about 的宾语，用名词，故填attraction。例 42The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008 年期末)解析：联系前句，又有 even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填 harder。例 43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along N
34、ew Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007 梅州二模 )解析：结合前段内容，特别是 the 的提示，可知要用
35、bad 的最高级 worst，表示“ 最严重的”。3. 重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。学大教育个性化教案10 / 12三、 I课堂运用阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（2011 汕头一模）Just up the road from my home is a field, with two horses in it. From a distance, each horse looks like any
36、other horse. But if you get a _16_( close) look you will notice one of them is blind.Instead of abandoning him, his owner has made him a safe and comfortable barn to live in. And if you stand nearby and listen, you will hear the sound of a bell_17_( come) from _18_ smaller horse. Attached to _19_ (i
37、t) halter is a small, copper-coloredbell assisting the blind friend to follow him._20_you watch them, youll find the horse with the bell always checking on the blind one, and that the blind horse will listen for the bell and then slowly walk to _21_ the other one is, trusting he will not _22_( lead
38、) astray. When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each evening, he will stop _23_( frequent ) to look back, making sure that the _24_ isnt too far behind to hear the bell.Life does not throw us away just because we are not perfect or because we have problems or challenges. Sometimes we are
39、the blind horse being guided by the little ringing bell of our acquaintances; _25_other times we are the guide horse, who helps others to find their way. 16. closer 17. coming 18. a/the 19. its 20. As21. where 22. be led 23. frequently 24. other 25. At（2）（2011 深圳一模）Several times each year the Queen
40、gives afternoon tea parties. But she simply sits beside a big silver plate, pouring cups of tea for everyone and 16 (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches. At cocktail parities the Queen moves from group to group, chatting informally, and manages to make one glass of drink last 17 entire evening.
41、Tours abroad are difficult because hosts seem to have a 18 (believe) that the warmth of their welcome 学大教育个性化教案11 / 12must be shown with wonderful state banquets (宴会). But the Queen has perfected the art of appearing to enjoy her meal without actually eating much.During one visit 19 the Pacific isla
42、nds of Tonga, a specially prepared dinner was arranged in her honor. The Queen looked uneasily at her plate 20 she discovered a whole roast pig was her serving.Then a turkey, some meat, an apple and bananas 21 (carry) in for each guest. But she depended 22 her old favorite trick of talking with her
43、host, King Tupou IV, and carrying on a warm conversation.Sometimes the Queen will seem so carried away by foreign leaders political chat 23 she simply never has time to finish a meal before it is time to get up and make her speech. She will lift her fork to swallow a mouthful, and then put 24 down a
44、gain to make another point, leaving almost all of her meal 25 (touch).16答案为 skillfully。 考查在语境中词性转换的能力。17答案为 an。 考查语境中冠词的正确使用。18答案为 belief。 考查语境中词性转换的能力。19答案为 to。 考查语境中的常用介词搭配。20答案为 when/as。 考查语境中从属连词的使用。21答案为 were carried。考查动词的语态和主谓一致。22答案为 on。 考查介词搭配的实际运用。23答案为 that。 考查结果状语从句的运用。24答案为 it。 考查语境中宾格代词
45、的使用。25答案为 untouched。 考查非谓语动词和逻辑思维能力。课程小结学大教育个性化教案12 / 12课后作业(2008 年佛山二模改编)Several men hit the Sao Paulo Museum of Art just before dawn on December 20th , 2007，and _1_ shocked the authorities as it took the thieves just three minutes to steal paintings _2_ two world famous artists, Pablo Picasso _3_
46、Candido Poninari，_4_ are worth millions of dollars. Images from the secret camera show that two men began their action at 509 a. m. ，_5_ the guards in the museum were going through their shift change(换岗). They broke through two glass doors，_6_(run) to the museums top floor and grabbed the two painti
47、ngs from different rooms，somehow _7_(avoid) nearby guards. The alarm never rang，and by 512 a. m. ，they were making their escape. After _8_，the police were interviewing the 30 museum employees. “Everything indicates thieves were sent to do it by some wealthy art lover for _9_ own collection. He was n
48、ot rich enough to buy the paintings，_10_ he was wealthy， ” said the lead police officer，Marcos Gomes de Moura.1解析 第二分句前有 and，说明前后句为并列句，用人称代词 it，代替前句内容。 答案 it2by 3. and4解析 第二分句前无连词，说明此处是非限制性定语从句，用 which 引导。答案 which5解析 引导时间状语从句，意思是：当博物馆的保安换班的时候。答案 when6解析 broke，ran，grabbed 三个动词作并列谓语。答案 ran7解析 现在分词作结果状语。答案 avoiding8that 9. his 10. their
