1、1专业四级(TEM-4 2008)Salt , shells or metals are still used as money in out-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (31) to use as money,(32) in countries where were the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33) necessity.Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (34
2、) , were used as money in some countries until recent (35) , and cakes of salt (36) buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells (37) as money at some time (38) another over the greater part of the Old World . These were (40) from East to West.Medal, valued by weight, (41) coins in many parts
3、of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries (42) paper money. It can either be exchanged (43) goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells , was of bronze, (44) in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called “
4、cash”. The (45) of these are between three thousand and four thousand years oldolder than the earlist coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (46) nearly all the more picturesque (47) of money, and (48) in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for fut
5、ure use on ceremonial (49) such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50) money will soon be found only in museums.31. A. object B. article C. substance D. category32. A. but B. and C. so D. even33. A. abstract B. advantageous C. abundant D. absolute34. A. weight B. value C. role D. size35. A. time
6、s B. events C. situations D. conditions36. A. even B. also C. still D. never37. A. had been used B. are used C. would be used D. would have been used38. A. and B. but C. yet D. or39. A. collected B. produced C. grown D. raised 40. A. city B. district C. community D. continent41. A. processed B. prod
7、uced C. preceded D. proceeded42. A. in spite of B. instead of C. along with D. in line with43. A. against B. as C. in D. for44. A. often B. seldom C. really D. much45. A. earlier B. earliest C. better D. best46. A. replaced B. reproduced C. reflected D. recovered47. A. sizes B. shapes C. formats D.
8、forms48. A. while B. although C. because D. if49. A. events B. gatherings C. occasions D. assemblies50. A. original B. primitive C. historical D. crude译文：如今，在世界上一些非常偏远的地区，人们还在把盐、贝壳或金属作为货币使用。把盐这种物质作为钱来使用也许看起来很奇怪。但是在以植物为主要食品的国家，盐就是一种绝对必需品。直到近代，在一些国家，人们还在把上面烙刻了不同价值的盐饼当作钱来使用，在婆罗洲和非洲的部分地区盐饼仍可以用来买东西。贝壳曾一度
9、被当作钱在旧大陆的大部分地区使用。这些贝壳主要来自印度洋马尔代夫群岛的海滨，然后被拿到印度和中国去交换物品。在非洲，人们穿过大陆，把贝壳从东岸卖到了西岸。世界上许多地方，人们先使用按重量来衡量其价值的金属，然后才使用硬币。如今，许多国家仍在使2用做成块状、条状或环形的铁而不是纸币。人们用铁来交换商品或制成工具、武器或装饰物。除了贝壳，中国早期的钱是用铜做成的，通常是扁平状，圆形，中间有一个孔，被称为“铜板” 。这种钱最早出现在3000 年到 4000 年前，比地中海东部最早的硬币还早。如今，硬币和纸币已经取代了几乎所有更别致的货币形式。尽管在一两个很偏远的国家人们仍保留着那些独特的钱以便用于以
10、后的一些仪式，如婚礼和葬礼，但这些原始的货币将只会在博物馆里看到了。31.C 解析：考查主语的性质。把原句简化为 salt is a(n) 就会一目了然。盐是一种物质，所以选C。（词义辨析题。A.object “物体，实物” ；B.article“一件具体的物品或物件 ”；D.category“种类，范畴” ）32.A 解析：考查上下句的衔接。上半句提到了把盐这种物质作为钱来使用也许看起来很奇怪，而下半句提到了一些国家它又是必需品，由此判断上下句是转折关系，选 A。 （逻辑关系题。须联系上下句判断是并列关系（B） 、转折关系、因果关系（ C）还是递进关系（D） ）33.D 解析：选对此题的关键
11、是知道 absolute necessity 这一用法。absolute necessity“绝对必要”是常用表达，故选 D。此外，还有 absolutely necessary 这一用法。 （词语搭配题。A.abstract “抽象的” ；B.advantageous“有利的，便利的” ；C.abundant“丰富的，大量的” ）34.B 解析：搞清楚 cakes of salt（盐饼）是用来做什么的，便可判断选哪个词。因为 cakes of salt 是当钱用的，要标明的自然是其价值了，因此选 B。 （语义线索题。此题有可能误选 weight，但由于cakes of salt 是用来当钱使
12、的，所以 value 最合适。 ）35.A 解析：recent times“最近” 。根据句意，介词 until 后应该跟表示时间的词，故选 A。 （词语搭配题。A.times“时代” ；B.events“时间” ；C.situations“情形，状况” ；D.conditions“条件，环境” 。Until 后只能跟 times。 ）36.C 解析：考查句子与句子之间的关系。这是一个复合句，第一个主语(cakes of salt)的谓语用的是过去时态(were used)，说明 cakes of salt 一直用到最近为止；第二个主语还是 cakes of salt，而谓语是现在时态（buy
13、） ，说明它现在仍然可以用来买东西，选 C。 （语义线索题。cakes of salt 以前可以当钱使，现在用来买东西，二者没有递进关系，就没必要用 even 和 also。用 never 就更不妥了。此句的时态（前面用过去时，后面用现在时）不容忽视。 ）37.A 解析：考查谓语动词的时态。Sea shells 被当作钱来使用是过去 (at some time 是过去时间)的事情，故选 A。 （语法线索题。B 是一般现在时，不妥。C 是过去将来时，D 是过去将来完成时，这两种时态要么用于虚拟语气，要么多用于间接引语中，这里均不合适。 ）38.D 解析：考查短语用法。at some time o
14、r another“曾经，一度” ，固定搭配，故选 D。 （掌握固定搭配是解答本题的法宝，其他三项均不能构成该意。 ）39.A 解析：考查句子层面动词的含义。明确 These 是指 sea shells 后就能确定动词是 A。 （语义线索题 to collect sea shells from the beach 意为“在海滩上捡贝壳” 。此句用的是被动语态。produce “生产，制造” ；grow“种植，栽培，生长” ；raise“饲养” 。 ）40.D 解析：考查句子层面名词的含义。from East to West 是指从非洲东部到非洲西部，而非洲是continent（大陆） ，故选
15、D。 （语义线索题。A.city“城市 ”；B.district “地区” ；C.community“社区” 。这三项均不能用来指非洲。 ）41.C 解析：考查句子层面动词的含义。此句话的意思是金属出现在硬币之前，故选 C。 （语义线索题。process“加工，处理” ；precede “在.之前” ；produce“生产，制造” ；proceed “进行，继续做（某事） ”）42.B 解析：考查篇章分析能力。上一句提到金属出现在硬币前，而此句说在许多国家人们还在使用不同形状的铁而不是纸币，故答案是 B。 （语义线索题。A.in spite of“尽管” ；B.instead of “代替”
16、；C.along with“连同.一起” ；D.in line with“符合，和.一致” ，如：Your plan is in line with my ideas.（你的计划符合我的想法。 ）本题易为 C 所迷惑。应注意，前面说金属出现在硬币前，换言之，有了硬币后，金属就被取消了。根据常识，只有先有硬币才出现纸币。如果还在使用金属，那就不会使用纸币，二者不可能同时使用。固不可选 C。 ）343.D 解析：考查动词 exchange 的用法。be exchanged for sth.“用来交换某物” 。故选 D。 （固定搭配题。介词的选用常与谓语动词有关，注意联系句子的谓语动词来确定答案。
17、） 44.A 解析：考查句子层面副词的含义。中国早期的钱币通常是扁平状，所以选 A。 （语义线索题。这里的副词强调的是大多数情况，所以其他三项不符。另外，根据常识也可以判断应用 often。 ）45.B 解析：考查篇章分析能力。根据下文说的三四千年之久（old） ，表明这里应填表示时间的词；前面的定冠词表明这里应该用最高级。故选 B“最早的” 。 （语义线索题。破折号后出现的 earliest 一词进一步印证了答案。 ）46.A 解析：考查句子层面动词的含义。此句话要表明的意思是“如今，硬币和纸币已经取代了几乎所有更别致的货币形式” ，所以选 A。 （词义线索题。reproduce“再生产”
18、；reflect “反映，反射” ；recover“恢复” 。 ）47.D 解析：考查篇章分析能力和句子层面名词的含义。文章前面提到了人们在过去用贝壳、金属等当成钱来使用，因而这些钱是不同的形式（form） ，故选 D。 （语义线索题。sizes“尺寸，大小” ；shapes“形状” ；formats “设计，安排，格式 ”。 ）48.B 解析：考查上下句的衔接。根据 people still keep it 和 it will soon be found only in museums 可以确定应该用连词 although 引出让步状语从句，故选 B。 （语义线索题。 while 引导比较状
19、语从句；because 引导原因状语从句；if 引导条件状语从句。still 一词是重要线索。 ）49.C 解析：考查句子层面的名词含义。On.occasion “在. 场合” ，习惯用法，故选 C。 （词语搭配题。gathering“聚会”和 assembly“集会”不与 ceremonial 搭配。 ）50.B 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。primitive money 指的是前文提到的原始的货币形式，B 正确。（词义线索题。A.original“最早的，最初的” ，强调在时间上处于其他东西之前的，如 original plan（最初的计划） ；B.primitive“原始的” ，强调
20、人类或事物发展的早期阶段，如 primitive society（原始社会） ；C.historical “与历史有关的” ，如 historical documents（历史文件） ；D.crude“天然的” ，强调未经过加工的，如 crude oil（原油） 。 ）51. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater emplayment opportunities for the disabled, will publish proposals in the near future. (2008)A. their
21、B. our C. his D. its52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she much better results now. (2008)A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get53. Nine is to three three is to one. (2008)A. when B. that C. which D. what54. Men differ from animals they can think and speak. (20
22、08)A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which55. he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008)A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much56. I enjoyed myself so much I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008)A. when B. w
23、hich C. that D. where57. Which of the following is incorrect? (2008)A. All his lectures were boring B. Half his money was gone C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing D. He invited many his friends to the party58. When you have finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on my desk, ? (20
24、08)A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you 59. What does “He wisely refused to spend his money” mean? (2008)A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his moneyB. He refused to spend his money in a wise mannerC. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anythingD. He refused, in a wise manner,
25、 to spend his money460. They stood chatting together as easily and natually as . (2008)A. it could be B. could be C. it was D. was61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” except (2008)A. Jim did this B. Jim did so C. Jim did that D. Jim did62. Quality is cou
26、nts most. (2008)A. which B. that C. what D. where63. In his plays Shakespeare his characters live through their language. (2008)A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times the size of St. Peters in Rome. (2008)A. / B. that of C. which is D.
27、of65. Which of the following sentences expresses “probability”? (2008)A. You must have immediately B. You must be feeling rather tiredC. You must be here by eight oclock D. You must complete the reading assignment on time66. When he first started in university, he really felt at with his majoreconom
28、ics. (2008)A. shore B. bank C. ocean D. sea67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be towards them. (2008)A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered68. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite discussing a recent film with others. (2008)A. at home B. at
29、 most C. at house D. at heart69. The company has capitalized the error of judgment made by its business competitor. (2008)A. in B. over C. with D. on70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to them next semester. (2008)A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise71. Keep this refe
30、rence book; it may come in one day. (2008)A. handy B. useful C. convenient D. helpful72. The questions that the speaker raised were well the average adult. (2008)A. past B. on C. beyond D. through73. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) of learning. (2008)A. design B. instrum
31、ent C. agency D. tool74. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act . (2008)A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly75. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems on becoming a computer programmer. (2008)A. fit B.
32、 set C. disposed D. decided 76. When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own and declined to speak at the meeting. (2008)A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute 77. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in . (2008)A. gravity B. extent C. intensity D. amount78
33、. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be until the motorway is repaired. (2008)A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased79. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun,is the cause of the tides. (2008)A. principal B. basic C. initial D. elementary80. Tedd
34、y came to my with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen. (2008)A. attendance B. assistance C. rescue D. safety551.D 译文：我们协会一直致力于为残疾人争取更多的就业机会，不久将会公布提案。解析：考查代词的用法。our association 是第三人称，和 our company, our university 一样，应该用代词 it 来指代，如：Our university wil
35、l celebrate its 50th anniversary next year.此句的主句结构是“Our association will publish its proposals”，而非 our/their proposals，选 D。52.B 译文：朱迪在考数学时如果再仔细些的话，她现在就会有更好的成绩了。解析：考查虚拟语气。如果用陈述语气，这句话可以改为：Judy was not careful enough on the maths exam, so she has not got better results now.条件句与过去事实相反；虽然主句的时间副词是now，但事实上
36、该考试成绩已经出来，故用 could have got，而不是 would get。答案是 B。53.D 译文：9 和 3 的关系就如同 3 和 1 的关系一样。解析：考查方式状语从句。这是固定句型，用来指 what 前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系，即“A对 B 就如 A1 对 B1， ”类似的句子还有：Water is to fish what air is to men.（水对鱼的作用就和空气对人的作用一样。 ）选 D。此句型中的 what 也可以用 as。54.C 译文：人之所以区别于动物是因为他们能思考和说话。解析：考查原因状语从句。in that=because，引导原因状语从句，其
37、他三个选项均无此用法。选C。55.B 译文：尽管他想周末和朋友一起出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。解析：让步状语从句多由 although 和 though 引导，但是也可以把让步的成分（形容词、副词、动词）提前，此时用连词 as 或 though，例如：Poor（a.） as/though he was, he was honest.Try（v.）as you will, you wont manage it.Much（ad.）as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.从语法的角度看，使用倒装形式的让步结构时，既可以用 a
38、s 引导，也可以用though 引导，如： Hard as/though he tired, he failed.但是，把 though 用于这种倒装结构多属于口语。问题中的句子相当于：Though he wanted.very much，. 故可改用倒装形式，即 B。56.A 译文：去年我去巴黎看望了朋友，玩得很开心。解析：考查时间状语从句。由关系副词 when 引导时间状语从句，故选 A。此题易把句子看成so.that 结构而误选 C，但根据语义可看出 visited(my friends)既非 enjoyed myself 之目的，也非其结果，不能用 so.that 句型。57.D 译文
39、：下列那句话是错误的？解析：考查限定词的位置。many 是后位限定词，不能放在 his 前面，只能说 He invited many friends to the party.或者 He invited many of his friends to the party.（他邀请了很多朋友来参加他的派对。 ）故选 D。58.C 译文：你看完那本书后别忘了把它放回到我的桌子上，好吗？解析：考查限定词的位置。many 是后位限定词，不能放在 his 前面，只能说 He invited many friends to the party.或者 He invited many of his friend
40、s to the party.（他邀请了很多朋友来参加他的派对。 ）故选 D。59.A 译文：”He wisely refused to spend his money”（他明智地拒绝了花钱） ，这句话是什么意思？解析：本题考查 wisely 在句中的含义。从语法上看，wisely 修饰动词 refused，但从语义上来看，本句实际上是说主语 He 做出“拒绝”的行为是“明智的” ，wisely 的语义关系。英语中常用wise，intellligent，foolish 等说明人的词语修饰主体发出的动作，从而形成了所谓的“移就”修辞手法（transferred epithet） ，又如：He h
41、ad some cheerful wine at the party.60.B 译文：他们在一起站着聊天，非常随意。解析：表示“尽可能地.”自然用 as.as.can be 的结构，故首先排除 C 和 D。英语中有 as a. as (a.) can be（括号中的形容词可以省略）的说法，如：ClarityLife phones are as simple as can be.本题与这种句型相当，只是把比较部分改成了副词。故答案是 B。另外，英语中也有 as.as it can be 的说法；含 it 的时候，it 是指示代词，指代句中前文出现的名词。比如： Now they had ever
42、ything that they wanted, and everything was as good as it could be.（句中 it 指代 everything）又如：.and then, about a quarter of a mile down the lane rose the Vicaragealmost as close to the road as it could be.(Emma,Chapter X，句中 it 指 the Vicarage)本题中若选 A，则 it 指代不明。661.A 译文：“是谁把消息告诉老师的？”下列回答哪个是错误的？解析：考查动词替代。
43、最常见的回答是 D，也可以用 so 和 that 指代前文提到的动作“told the news to the teacher”，故 B 和 C 也可以用作回答。this 多用指下文的内容，故不能用于题中的场合。选A。62.C 译文：质量是最重要的。解析：考查名词从句的连接词。 “What counts most”相当于 all that counts most，意思是“最重要的（东西） ”。故选 C。63.D 译文：在戏剧中，莎士比亚通过语言使人物变得栩栩如生。解析：首先容易排除过去将来时(A)和过去完成时(B)。容易误选的是 C，因为我们都知道，如果主语是历史人物，他们的言行是过去的行为，
44、所以应该用一般过去时。但是本句与此不同，它描述的是莎翁的戏剧，说的是莎翁的写作风格、特点，因此，应该用一般现在时。我们从 Wikipedia 有关“莎士比亚”的条目下超出下面两句话，以说明一般过去时和一般将来时的区别：In this play(Macbeth),Shakespeare adds a supernatural element to the tragic structure. In his final period, Shakespeare turned to tragicomedy and completed three more major plays.64.A 译文：广场有
45、500 码宽，是罗马圣. 彼得广场面积的五倍。解析：考查倍数的表达。 “A is 倍数 + the size of B”(A 是 B 的几倍大小) ，这是固定用法，中间不需要加任何词，故选 A。65.B 译文：下列哪句话表达的是“可能性”？解析：考查情态动词 must 的用法。must 除了表示 “必须”之义外，还可以表示“推测/猜测”之义。这四句话的意思分别是：A. 你必须马上离开。 B.你一定很累了吧。 C.你必须八点之前到这儿。D.你必须按时完成阅读作业。由此可见，B 为正确答案。66.D 译文：当他刚开始进入大学学习时，他对他的专业 经济学真的感到不知所措。解析：口语中，at sea(
46、with sth.)表示“不知所措，困惑，茫然” ，故选 D。67.C 译文：在路上，驾驶汽车的人应该留意骑自行车的人并为他们着想。考查 consider 一词变换后的意义。considerable“相当大的，重要的” ；considerate“体贴的，为他人考虑的” ，所以选 C。B 、D 分别是现在分词和过去分词，用于句中则不顺。68.A 译文：萨利有些腼腆，但老师发现她在毫无拘束地和别人讨论最近的一部电影。解析：考查介词短语。A.at home“无拘束” ；B.at most“最多” ；C.at house 不是固定短语；D.at heart“在内心里” ；故选 A。69.D 译文：公司
47、由于其生意竞争对手的错误判断而获利。解析：考查固定搭配。capitalize on“利用（别人的错误获利） ”，介词 on 后往往接 error，mistake一类的词，如：She capitalized on her opponents mistake and won the game.（她利用对手的失误赢得了比赛。 ）因此选 D。70.B 译文：蒂姆这学期有三门课不及格，因此下学期他不得不重修它们。解析：动词词义辨析题。A.remake“重制” ；B.repeat“重复” ；C.reapply“重新申请，重新运用” ；D.revise“修订，修改” 。用 repeat 指重复上同样的课，故选 B。71.A 译文：留着这本参考书，也许将来会有用。解析：考查固定搭配。come in handy“迟早有用，派得上用场 ”，是口语中的固定搭配，故选 A。72.C 译文：演讲人提出的那
