1、主谓一致,Subject-Verb Agreement,What is S-V agreement?,用动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ a teacher. (be) 2. He _ good at swimming. (be) 3. You _ late for school again.(be) 4. They _ many new books. (have) 5. She _ two sisters.(have),am,is,are,have,has,根据主语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语,在一般现在时的句子中,当主语是第三人称单数时(如:it,he,she,my father,Ken
2、s sister等),谓语动词(在主语后的动词,be也是谓语动词)用单数. 主要有以下几种变化: 1.在词尾加s,如:look-looks 2.以o,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加es,如:go-goes,do-does/pass-passes fix-fixes/ watch-watches wash-washes,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y改为i加-es,如:try-tries 4.特殊变化(见一个记一个),如:have-has 5.be的变化:be-is 注意:过去式时,be-was,这时I也看作单数,用was 特别注意不要与名词复数弄混啊!,主谓一致的定义 英语句子中，主语的“人称”
3、和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则： 1）语法一致 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致,1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或 事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。 如：(is/are),语法一致,He and I _both students of this school.,are,Horse and rat _both animals.,are,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,(2) 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,
4、 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork is used to have meals.,What he is doing very important.(seem) 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好,seems,is,Tom , who your friend, should help you.,2. 如果主语是不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,
5、谓语动词用单数。,is,3、主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时, 谓语动词必须 与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were),2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.,A. is pl
6、aying B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredNobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known,4. 连接的并列主语被each, every, no或 many a 修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。,Every d
7、esk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake.,Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is havingMany a passenger _killed in the accident.由each, every, no, many a所修饰的名词，即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。,was,5.定语从句中,“one of +复数名词+定语从句”从句的谓语动词复
8、数。若在one of 前有the, the only, the very修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well. 2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.,play,plays,6.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时， 则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致 eg: 1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class. 2.)It was I rathe
9、r than they that _ punished by the boss.,helps,was,概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。,语言一致原则,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词all, more, some, an
10、y, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,are,is,are,is,is,is,主谓一致,2、分数或百分数+of ，the rest of , the majority of ，half of , some of ，all of ，most of 等作主语时, 谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语_。,保持一致,3. His family isnt very large. 他的家族不是很大。4. His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。归纳集体名词作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用 _ 形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用 _形式。此类名词有fam
11、ily，class, group，_ _等。,单数,复数,The team _ some good players. (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, a
12、nyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,主谓一致,6. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:,主谓一致,7. 形复意单名词如: news; 以ics结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics; 国名如: the United
13、 States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及 the United Nations 等作主语; 谓语动词要用单数. 如:,8. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等,就近一致,主谓一致,1. 由here, there, where引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时), 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.,就近一致,. 用连词 or, eitheror, neither
14、nor, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语, 或者在there be句型中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. 如:,Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,am,is,一、用be的适当形式填空。 1. Nothing but cars _sold in the shop. 因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。2. Seventy percent of the students in our school _from the coun
15、tryside. 百分数作主语，谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语保持一致。,is,are,3. The number of the people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons. 因为The number of .(的数量)作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式；而a number of .表示“许多” 所以谓语动词用复数形式。4. A poet and artist _coming to speak to us about painting tomorrow afternoon. A poe
16、t and artist指“诗人兼画家”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。,is,was,were,5. The whole family _watching TV. family是集体名词，强调个体，所以谓语动词用复数形式。6. Walking and riding _good exercises. walking and riding (步行和骑车)是不同的概念，所以谓语动词用复数形式。,are,are,7. Going to bed early and getting up early _a good habit. Going to bed early and getting up early表
17、示同一概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。8. Your shoes _ black. shoes 为复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数形式。,is,are,9. This pair of trousers _too long for him. “pair/piece/kind of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair， piece， kind 等词的形式保持一致。常见名词有trousers， glasses， gloves， shoes， slippers 等。10. What we need _doctors. what在句中指代复数名词doctors， 所以谓语动词用复数形式。,is,are,
18、二、动词填空,1. Either your students or Mr. Wang _ (know) this. either .or .连接两个并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则来判断。2. Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in future. 两个并列的名词前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。,knows,wants,3. Many a ship _(damage) in the storm. many a+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。4. More than on
19、e student _(see) the film. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,was damaged,has seen,5. Between the two windows _ (hang) a picture. 在倒装句中, 谓语动词的形式与其后的主语保持一致。6. Those who _(want) to go please sign your name here. 定语从句的谓语动词根据先行词作变化。,hangs,want,7. The blind _(study) in special school. 表示类别的the+形容词作主语，谓语动词用
20、复数形式。8. So far，every possible means _ (try) to save the miners stuck in the mine. means为单复数形式相同的名词，而且every 接单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。,has been tried,study,9. When and where to build the new factory _(not decide) yet. 动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。10. Ten minutes _ (seem) an hour when one is waiting for a phone cal
21、l. 当主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。,has not been decided,seems,三、完成句子,1. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 The iron and steel industry _ _.2. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant，which _.,greatly upsets me,3. 许多男孩喜欢踢足球。Many a boy _.4. 到目前为止，这两条新铁路线的工程建设已经结束。 The construction of the tw
22、o new railway lines _ by now.,has been completed,likes playing football,5. 除经理以外，所有的职员都被鼓励在家中通过网络联机工作。 All the employees except the manager _ _ at home.6. 他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。 He is the only one of the students who _ _ for three years.,7. 每一名学生都在努力学习功课，希望能够升入大学。 Each of the students，working hard at h
23、is or her lessons, _.8. 与我一样，简和玛丽厌倦了一次又一次的考试。 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ _.,hopes to go to university,9. 他的“诗选”于1999年第一次出版。 His Selected Poems _ in 1999.10. 你的裤子太脏了，应该马上洗洗。 Your trousers _that you should _ at once.,wash them,was first published,are so dirty,1One or two days _ enough to see
24、the cityAis Bare Cam Dbe 2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mindAis Bare Cam Dbe,Exercises:,3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after anotherAis Bare Cam Dbe 4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the fil
25、mAis Bare Cam Dbe,5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterdayAwas Bwere Chas been Dhave been 6A woman with some children _ soonAis coming Bare comingChas come Dhave come,7No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known 8The teacher as well as the students _
26、 the book alreadyAhas read Bhave readCare reading Dis reading 9All but one _ in the accidentAwas killed Bwere killedCwill be killed Dare killed,10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. A library with five thousand books _to th
27、e nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,13. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.
28、 were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 14. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 15. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is
29、D. Two fifths; are,16 No one but her parents _ it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing 17. The results of the examination _that you have all made great _ . A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses 18.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has,
