1、第三集 语法填空核心考点考点突破形容词和副词 使表达更准确生动 【考向聚焦】往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语,形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识,考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识,还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。对应学生用书 P9用适当的形容词或副词填空1(2013福建,31)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy
2、_(afford)priced bikes.解析 根据 Those poor and needy teenagers(那些贫穷的青少年)可知,那个商店定价不太昂贵。答案 affordably2(2013安徽,33)Its said that the power plant is now_(twice)large as what it was.解析 考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为:倍数as形容词、副词原级as比较对象。答案 twice as3(2013湖北,29)Dont defend him any more.Its obvious that he_(deliberate)destroyed
3、the fence of the garden even without apology.解析 句意:不要再坦护他了。他显然是故意破坏花园栅栏的,而且没有道歉,此处应用副词形式。答案 deliberately4(2013江西,24)What a terrible experience!_,youre safe nowthats the main thing.解析 考查副词。句意:多么可怕的经历!不管怎样,现在你是安全的,这才是主要的。答案 Anyway5(2013辽宁,33)This is by far_(inspire)movie that I have ever seen.解析 考查形容词
4、比较等级。根据标志性词语 by far 及 I have ever seen 可知此处使用最高级。句意:这是迄今为止我所看过的最具激励性的电影。答案 the most inspiring6(2013浙江,18)If what your friend comes up with surprises you,dont reject it immediately._,imagine that it is true.解析 句意:如果你朋友想出的主意让你感到惊奇,不要立刻就反对,还不如设想它是正确的。答案 Rather自查自纠表题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 得分考点 正误 思考 我的盲点: 我将_。 对
5、应学生用书 P9比较级、最高级的考查【典例 1】 Of the two coats,Id choose the _(cheap)one to spare some money for a book.(2010四川)解析 从 of the two coats 可知用比较级。答案 cheaper【典例 2】 Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _(wellknown)one.(2013全国)解析 根据语境 all the songs he has written 可知用最高级。答案 bestkn
6、own1The businessman boasts to me that I cant find a _(good)gold necklace,because his shop deals in the best.解析 句意:那位商人向我夸耀说我不可能找到比这更好的金项链,因为他的商店卖的是最好的。结合句意可知,此处是“否定式比较级” 表达最高级的含义。答案 better近几年有关比较级的高考试题的特点是:试题考查间接化,即很少出现标志性单词 as,than,而是通过设置语境,让考生来判断该用原级、比较级还是最高级,这种命题思路无疑增加了试题难度。比较级、最高级前的修饰语【典例 3】 Aft
7、er two years research,we now have a _(far)better understanding of the disease.(2013全国)解析 从句中的信息词 better 可看出是考查比较级前的修饰语。为了突出强调或表示程度,比较级前可用 much,far,a little,any ,some,a bit,even,still ,rather ,a lot 等词修饰;最高级前可被序数词及 much,by far,nearly ,almost 等词修饰。答案 far【典例 4】 Are you feeling any _(well)?Yes.Im fine n
8、ow.解析 本题暗含比较级的用法,即与过去相比,感受如何。其中 any 修饰比较级。答案 better2The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.Why?Its far _(interesting)than the films I have ever seen.解析 考查形容词比较级。程度副词 far 可修饰形容词比较级,置于比较级前。根据前一句语境“ 这部电影一点也没有趣 ”可知,后一句意为 “为什么?我觉得它比我之前看的那些电影都有趣”。答案 more interesting3Youre driving too fast.Can you
9、 drive a bit more _(slow)?解析 句意:你开车开得太快了。你能开慢一点吗?more 修饰 slowly,more slowly 意为“更慢” ;a bit 修饰比较级,表示程度,意为“ 一点”。答案 slowly考场揭密:近三年常考的形容词ashamed 惭愧的 accurate 精确的 (un)acceptable(不)可接受的 accessible 容易得到的;可进入的 amusing 好玩的,逗的 amazing 令人惊异的 attractive 有吸引力的 annoying 讨厌的,烦人的 anxious 担心的;急切的 brilliant 聪明的 brief
10、简略的 casual 随意的,漫不经心的 complicated 复杂的 curious 好奇的 delighted 高兴的,愉快的 discouraged 使丧气的 determined 坚决的,坚定的 energetic 精力充沛的 extraordinary 非同寻常的 generous 慷慨的 instructive 指导性的,指示性的 independent 独立的 infrequent 不经常的 instant 立即的 impatient 不耐心的 modest 谦虚的 negative 否定的,负面的 potential 潜在的 promising 有前途的 restrictiv
11、e 限制的 ridiculous 荒谬的 respectable 值得尊敬的 scientific 科学的 stressful 有压力的 technological 技术的 troublesome 麻烦的,捣蛋的 urgent 紧急的 unconcerned 不关心的 worthless 没用的 violent 暴力的;猛烈的考场揭密:形容词、副词的常用结构比较结构中放入一个名词时的语序问题常常让人感到棘手,但只要记住了以下句型,问题便能迎刃而解:(1)as/soadj.a/an单数名词asHe is as honest a man as you.(2)a/an比较级 adj.单数名词than
12、This is a more interesting story than that one.(3)as many复数名词 as;as much不可数名词asI can carry as much paper as you can.(4)as much (a/an)名词asIt is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一种艺术也是一门科学。固定搭配【典例 5】 He began to take political science _(serious)only when
13、he left school.(2013湖北)解析 take.seriously 重视,认真对待。答案 seriously【典例 6】 Its hard for him playing against me.Ive got nothing to play for,but for him,he needs to win so _(bad)(2013 湖南 )解析 so badly 意为“ 非常急切地” 。答案 badly【典例 7】 Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes.The job is _ I could do myself.(2013福建)解析 more than
14、表示“超过”。答案 more than1no more than 意为“ 仅仅,至多” ;not more than 意为“不多于,不超过” 。如:Its no more than a mile to the shop.离商店只有一英里。Ill stay here not more than three days.我将待在这里不超过三天。2no more.than 译为“和一样不”,than 前后两部分在意义上都是否定的。not more.than 可译为“不如”。如:He is no more diligent than you.你不勤奋,他也不勤奋。He is not more dilig
15、ent than you.他不像你那样勤奋。4Must I turn off the gas after cooking?Of course.You can never be _ careful with that.解析 考查英语中固定句型“cannot/can never be too.”。意为“越越好” 或“再也不过分 ”。句意为 “你越小心越好”。答案 too5(2012新课标全国)This restaurant wasnt _(的一半好)that other restaurant we went to.解析 考查倍数表达法。句意:这家饭店还不如我们以前去的那家饭店的一半好。本句所用到的
16、倍数表达法的结构是“倍数词as.as.” 。在此结构中,应把倍数词放在 as.as 的前面。答案 half as good as6_(十名强壮的中国青年)students are required to take part in the boat race.解析 要符合“ 限定词(ten)描绘性形容词(strong)年龄(young)国籍(Chinese)名词”的顺序。答案 Ten strong young Chinese口诀:多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。对应学生用书 P11用适当的形容词或副词填空1China is _ count
17、ry in Asia.That is,it is larger than _ country in Asia, and it is larger than _ country in Africa.解析 句意:中国是亚洲最大的国家,比其他任何亚洲国家都大,比非洲任何一个国家都大。中国属于亚洲,不属于非洲,所以第二个空填 any other,第三个空填 any。答案 the largest ;any other;any2Sometimes the same word has slightly different meaning,which can be _(confuse)解析 句意:有时候,同一
18、个单词意义有一点细微的差别,这让人困惑。副词修饰形容词一般前置, “令人困惑的 ”是用现在分词形式的形容词 confusing。答案 confusing3Well have to wait a _(far)two weeks to know the examination result.解析 far 的比较级形式有两个:farther 和 further。 further 意为“ 更进一步的”,“更多的”,符合句意。如果用 more,要用 two more weeks。答案 further4Chen Yifei(19462005),who died in his _ fifties,was a
19、 most successful artist.解析 in ones late fifties 意为“在某人五十来岁时”。答案 late5Dont you think Jim was brave to go bungee jumping?Personally,I thought he was _(mad)than brave.解析 句意:吉姆去蹦极你不觉得勇敢吗?我个人认为他是疯了,而不是勇敢。more.than 可以将两个不同品质的形容词放在一起比较。答案 more mad6The salesman showed her several MP3s and she chose _(expens
20、ive)one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it.解析 几个 MP3 中最便宜的,要用最高级表示。expensive 为多音节形容词,所以应为 the least expensive。答案 the least expensive7Interviews were carried out _(official)over the telephone,via email or fax or face to face in four cities including Beijing,Shanghai ,Guangzhou and Wuhan.
21、解析 根据句意,进行正式的访谈(如通过电话、电子邮件、传真或面谈),应选副词 officially。答案 officially8When did you first meet Tom?The first day I came to this city,_(确切地说 ),on May 2.解析 or rather 意为“ 确切地说”。答案 or rather9I have $50,but that isnt _(near)enough for my journey fare.解析 not nearly 意为“远远不(够)”。答案 nearly10The government should thi
22、nk about the medical reform again and make sure of medical care,in my opinion._(much)The medical services and efficiency are not good at the moment.解析 从语境上看,答话人表示赞成上文所叙述的情况。I cannot agree more.意为“我再同意不过了 ”。答案 more第四集 语法填空核心考点考点突破连词与介词 语言学习的基础,【考向聚焦】历年高考题中至少有一道题要考到连词或介词。介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词
23、的搭配。此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词关系代词 ”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高,如 with,beyond 。连词考查较多的有:but 和 while, “祈使句and/or 并列句”中的 and 和 or;另外,for 作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。对应学生用书 P12用适当的连词或介词填空1(2013安徽,22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in your local library_a book about it.解析 考查介词。句意:在你去一个名胜旅行之前,在你当地的图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。本题关键在于认识
24、到动词 look 与选项中的介词搭配构成固定短语的时候,其中隔有短语 in your local library。答案 for2(2013福建,29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always _ the way whenever she tries to.解析 考查介词短语。句意:史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难,因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。答案 in3(2013湖北,30)An artist who was recently traveling on a f
25、erry to the southern island discovered_ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.解析 考查短语辨析。此处表示“偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶” 。答案 by4(2013北京,26)I have an appointment _ Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.解析 考查介词。短语为 have an appointment with sb,意为“与某人预约、约会”。答案 with5(2013新课标,11)A serious study of physics is impossible
26、_some knowledge of mathematics.解析 考查介词。句意:如果没有一点数学知识,要认真研究物理是不可能的。答案 without6(2013新课标,34)It was a real race_time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.解析 考查介词。句意:为了完成这项工程,这真是与时间的一次赛跑。答案 against7(2013新课标,32)Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_another man,also intell
27、igent,fails.解析 考查并列连词。根据句意,前后两句话为两种情况的对比“一个人会做出一个重要的发现,而另一个人,也很聪明,但是失败了”。并列连词 while 表示对比。答案 while8(2013重庆,23)Its not easy to change habits,_ with awareness and selfcontrol,it is possible.解析 考查并列连词。句意:改变习惯不易,但如果是有意识和有自我控制能力的话,还是有可能的。前后为转折关系,用并列连词 but。答案 but对应学生用书 P12介词的普通用法【典例 1】 Four Chinese models
28、were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009上海 )解析 考查介词的用法。among 表示“ 三者或三者以上的同类事物之间” 。根据题干中“在获奖的 14 个人里边,中国模特占 4 人”可知。答案 among【典例 2】 He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.(2009陕西)解析 考查介词的用法。at Christmas 表示在圣诞期间;介词 on 后接具体的某一天。此处表示在圣诞节前夕,故用
29、介词 on。答案 on【典例 3】 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name,not case number.(2010江西)解析 句意:如今一些医院以名字来叫病人,而不是以病历号。考查固定短语。by 表“方式”。答案 by【典例 4】 _ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious,the government is searching for ways to improve peoples life.(2013扬州调研)解析 句意:随着经济危机变得越来越严重,政府正在想方设法
30、改善人们的生活。这里 the crisis of economy getting more and more serious 是一个短语,所以应该用介词 with,表示伴随;而 as,when 和 if 后面都要跟句子。答案 With1When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30.解析 by 后接时间点,意为“不迟于” , “在之前”。答案 By2Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch.解析 句意:子弹以一寸之差未击中上尉的头部。by 可表示时间、空间、距离等数量的
31、相差。答案 by3A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.解析 句意:伟人总是把他人的利益置于个人利益之上。above 意为“在上方”符合句意。答案 above4_ the production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.解析 句意:由于产量增长了 60%,该公司又有一个丰收年。答案 With介词 with 的用法主要有1表示“和 在一起” , “由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with
32、their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。2表示“随着 ”With time passing,they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝,他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with 后面加复合宾语,说明附带情况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。4表示“具有;带有;包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。5表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling w
33、ith fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。介词短语【典例 5】 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ favor of younger men.(2011湖北,30)解析 句意:在被问到他们对校长的看法时,很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。考查介词短语辨析。句中的 step aside 表示“让位,让开”,后面接介词短语 in favor of 表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。答案 in【典例 6】 More and
34、 more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of space.(2010福建)解析 “介词名词介词短语” 多由 in 和 for 开头,常见的有 in favour of(赞成),in honour of(为了纪念,为向表示敬意,为庆祝),for fear of(以免)等,如for lack of(由于缺乏)。答案 for【典例 7】We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and _ return,dogs give us their all.(2010江西)解析
35、 “介词名词 ”构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点,因此,熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由 by,for,in,on 等“ 活跃介词名词”构成,如 by chance/accident(偶然),on purpose(故意),in return(反过来)。答案 in5Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?解析 考查介词。句意:你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了?across 表示“从一边到另一边” ,符合句意。答案 across6An agreement seems to be impossible becau
36、se the majority of the committee members are _ it.解析 考查介词的用法。句意:达成协议似乎不可能,因为大多数委员会成员反对。against“反对”,符合句意。答案 against1动词介词account for 说明 agree on 对达成协议 begin with 以开始 come across 碰见 go into 调查 keep from 阻止 look for 寻找 stand for 代表 agree with 同意( 某人意见) answer for 对负责 wait for 等待 decide on 对作出决定 head for
37、 向 前进 live on 靠生活 look into 调查 stick to 坚持 agree to 同意(某种安排等) aim at 针对 call for 要求 get into 进入 hear from 接到 的信、电话 look after 照顾 run into 碰到 wait on 招待2动词副词介词add up to 合计达 come up with 提出 get on with 与相处融洽 look down upon 看不起 look up to 敬仰(某人) put up with 忍受 come up against 遭到反对 do away with 废除 keep
38、up with 跟上 look forward to 盼望 make up for 弥补 stand out for 坚决要求 come up to 达到 get down to 开始认真考虑 live up to 不辜负( 期望) look out for 当心 run out of 用完 stick out for 坚持要求3动词名词介词catch sight of 突然看见 make room for 为腾出地方 take pride in 以为荣 make friends with 和交朋友 pay attention to 注意 show interest in对感兴趣 make f
39、un of 取笑 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加含有介词的成语【典例 8】 We hadnt planned to meet.We met _ chance.解析 by chance 为固定搭配,意为“偶然”。答案 by【典例 9】 His efforts to raise money for his program were _ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.解析 句意:他为这个项目筹集资金的努力徒劳无功,因为没有人愿意从腰包里掏一分钱。
40、in vain 意为“徒劳” ,符合句意。答案 in7He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.解析 句意:他是一个好学生,大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above 表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄) 超过,多于”,符合句意。答案 above8Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.解析 考查介词。句意:有时候,解决食品安全问题的答案并不太难寻求。answer to 表示“(问题)的答案”,是固定搭配。本句中的 food s
41、afety problems 被从proper answers 的后面移至现在的位置,从而加大了此题的解题难度。答案 to揭密常考的介词成语(1)含有 at 的成语at a time 一次 at least 至少 at the same time 同时at all costs 不惜一切代价 at most 至多 at times 有时候 at first 最初 at once立即 at will 任意地 at last 最后 at present 目前 at work 起作用(2)含有 by 的成语by accident 偶然 by day/night 白天/夜间 by heart 能背诵 b
42、y turns 轮流 by birth 出身 by no means 绝不 by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way顺便说一下 by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说一下(3)含有 in 的成语in a sense 从某种意义上说 in case 假使 in fact 实际上 in ones opinion 在某人看来 in other words 换句话说 in short 总之 in the long run 从长远来看in advance 事先 in store 必将发生 in general 一般说来 i
43、n no time 立刻 in public 公开地 in vain 徒劳 in time 及时 in the meantime 同时 in danger 处于危险中 in turn 轮流 in order 井井有条 in return 作为回报 in the end 最后 in all 总共(4)含有 on 的成语on average 平均 on foot 步行 on sale 在出售 on the way 在途中 on business出差 on holiday 在休假 on strike 罢工 on time 准时 on duty 值日 on behalf of 代表 on the co
44、ntrary 相反 on the spot 当场 on fire 着火 on purpose 故意地 on the other hand 另一方面(5)含有 out of 的成语out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of date 过时 out of order 发生故障 out of patience失去耐心 out of work 失业 out of control 失去控制 out of doors 在户外out of question 毫无疑问 out of reach 拿不到 out of the question 不可能 out of danger 脱险 out of fa
45、shion 不合时尚 out of luck 倒霉 out of shape 变形 out of touch 失去联系并列连词【典例 10】 Find ways to praise your children often,_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.(2011山东)解析 句意:设法常常表扬你的孩子,这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。考查并列连词。从句意连贯判断应用 and 表顺承关系。答案 and【典例 11】 They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car,_we managed to br
46、ing the price down.解析 两个分句之间是转折关系,故用并列连词 but。答案 but【典例 12】 In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.解析 此处是对 women 和 men 的分工进行对比,故用 while,而不用 but。答案 while【典例 13】 John plays basketball well,_ his favorite is badminton.解析 yet 是并列连词,表示转折。答案 yet【典例 14】 H
47、e found it increasingly difficult to read,_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.解析 for 在此引出表示原因的并列分句。答案 for【典例 15】 Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.解析 此并列句的结构为“祈使句and 陈述句”。祈使句表示条件,and 在此引出表示结果的并列分句。答案 and9Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can,_ you will see more progress over time.解析 这是一个“ 祈使句 and陈述句”结构。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果,所以用 and。答案 and10I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free _ t