1、- 1 -Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars单词 拼写应用核心单词1atmosphere n大气层；气氛2solar adj.太阳的；日光的3thus adv.因此；于是4gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5climate n气候6crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n漂浮物9system n系统；体系；制度10theory n学说；理论语境运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。1A truck went out of control and crashe
2、d (crash) into the back of a bus.2He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.3However，he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.4When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled (pull) up a chair.5(2017全国卷)We are looking at the benefits of systems (system) which c
3、ontrol their speed as a way of preventing that.拓展单词1globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的2violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3like vt.喜欢 prep.像dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌likely adj.可能的unlike prep.与不同；不像4harm n& vt.伤害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6puzzle vt.&
4、 vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled adj.感到困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的- 2 -8biology n生物学biologist n生物学家9react v反应reaction n反应；回应语境运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。1There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2Last night we had a dis
5、cussion，which became more and more violentFinally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(h
6、arm)4He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion)5Unlike me，my younger brother，a tall and strong young man，likes playing basketball very much.It is likely that he will become a Yao Ming in the future.(like)阅读词汇1fundamental adj.基本的
7、；基础的2chain n链子；连锁；锁链3acid n酸4multiply v乘；增加5gravity n万有引力；重力6exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽7satellite n卫星；人造卫星8spaceship n宇宙飞船9astronomy n天文学10carbon n碳拓展联想1.un前缀高频形容词集锦unlike 不像的unfair 不公平的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不寻常的unhappy 不幸福的- 3 -unfortunate 不幸运的unnecessary 不需要的2.以ful 结尾的形容词harmful 有害的useful 有用的helpful
8、 有帮助的powerful 强大的careful 小心的forgetful 健忘的sorrowful 悲伤的3.后缀ist 名词荟萃biologist 生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家specialist 专家artist 艺术家熟词生义你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？1(2017浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a doz
9、en yards away now. 停车2As we know，Japan，made up of a chain of islands that lie off the coast of Asia，is a country where natural disasters occur frequently.一系列；一连串3Small businesses are finding it hard to survive in the present economic climate. 环境短语 多维应用高频短语1.in_time及时；终于2prevent_.from 阻止；制止3now_that
10、既然4cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋5lay_eggs 下蛋6give_birth_to 产生；分娩语境运用 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。Now_that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it from - 4 -getting from bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must cheer_up and try to reduce the pollution.If we
11、keep on，well succeed in_time.高频短语7.in_ones_turn 轮到某人8watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防9depend_on 依靠；取决于10break_out 突发；爆发11block_out 挡住(光线)12get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解13at_midnight 在午夜语境运用 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。A fire broke_out in the building last night.Luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.We
12、were warned to watch_out_for electricity and gas when cooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters help，we were not injured.They are the men that we can depend_on when we are in trouble.拓展联想1表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for) 小心；当心look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心2 “vfrom”表“阻止，禁止”短语discourage sb.fro
13、m doing sth.stop/prevent sb.from doing sth.ban sb.from doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.句式 结构仿写教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用1.whether.or not 是否。The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。Its not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement throu
14、gh communication or_not.2.make it adj.to do sth.。This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.我精通英语，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。I have a good command of English，which makes_it_easier_for_me_to_find a good - 5 -job.3.倍数as形容词/副词原级as。But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried
15、 twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。I devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as I did before，so I believe I will succeed this time.4.形容词作伴随状语。We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。H
16、e spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold_and_hungry.精讲 3个考纲单词1harmful adj.有害的(1)单句语法填空As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned，there is no harm in making an apology to him first.(2)链接写作一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。It is known to us that drinking too much
17、is_harmful_to_your _health(harmful)It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_your _health(harm n)先理解再牢记 (1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2) 对某人有害do/cause harm to sb.do/cause sb.harm )(3)There is no harm in doing sth.It does no harm to do sth. )做 某 事 没有 坏 处佳句背诵 These days，breaking traffi
18、c rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.2.exist vi.存在；生存- 6 -(1)单句语法填空Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing (exist) on the money he is earning.There exis
19、ts a wide range of different opinions among the committee members.(2)链接写作完成句子虽然许多人有了汽车，但是停车却是个现存的问题。Many people have cars of their own，but parking is_an_existing_problem先理解再牢记 (1)exist in.存在于之中exist on.靠为生There exists.某地有；存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的名师点津
20、 exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existing 是只作定语的形容词。3.puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)单句语法填空When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)She lost heart since she failed in the exam，because her future was puzzling (puzzl
21、e)The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.(2)链接写作完成句子事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to many parents in China.先理解再牢记 (1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的- 7 -(4)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be
22、 puzzled about 对迷惑不解名师点津 以ed 结尾的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised 等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如 look，voice，smile，expression，face等。诠释 3个核心短语1in time 及时；终于；迟早(1)单句语法填空All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.(2016全国卷)At one time，I e
23、ven felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.Luckily，I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.(2)链接写作完成句子我坚信我们的努力迟早会有所回报。I hold the firm belief that our efforts will_pay_off_sooner_or_later/in _time.先理解再牢记 (1)in no time立刻；马上at n
24、o time 决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)at a time 每次；一次at times有时，偶尔at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间2.in ones turn轮到某人(1)单句语法填空At the meeting they took turns to_put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education sys
25、tem.Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.- 8 -(2)链接写作一句多译两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。The two daughters looked after their sick mother by_turnsThe two daughters took_turns_to look after their sick mother.先理解再牢记 in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth
26、.轮到某人做某事佳句背诵 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems.3.cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋(1)单句语法填空Cheer Mary up，and things will work out for the best.Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise t
27、heir accomplishments.(2)链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(高级表达)When Im feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up先理解再牢记 (1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！佳句背诵 I do hope she c
28、an cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 突破 2个高考句型1(教材 P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made_it_ possible_for_life_to_develop这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。要点提炼 make it adj./n.for sb.to do sth.，其中 it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是动词不定式。- 9 -(1)单句语法填空People in the west make it a rule to_buy(buy) Christmas
29、 presents for their relatives and friends.I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.(2)链接写作一句多译随着一天天过去，我发现很难和他相处。With days going by，I found (that)_it_was_hard_to_get_along well with him.(宾语从句)With days going by，I found it_hard_to_get_along well with him.(不定式作宾语)先理解再牢记 (1)makeit形容词/
30、名词that 从句makeit形容词/名词to do 不定式makeitno good/no use.doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel 等。2.(教材 P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。要点提炼 twice as far as.是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”
31、。(1)单句语法填空This big stone is three times as heavy(heavy) as that one.There are four times more(many) books in our library than in yours.(2)链接写作一句多译正在修建的教学楼是那栋教学楼的三倍高。The teaching building being built now is_three_times_as_high_as that one.(high)The teaching building being built now is_three_times_hig
32、her_than that one.(higher)The teaching building being built now is_three_times_the_height_of that one.(height)先理解再牢记 英语中常见的倍数表达法：Abe倍数as原级as B- 10 -Abe倍数比较级than BAbe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of BA倍数what 从句，表示“A 是的多少倍”名师点津 在表示“两倍”时要用 double或 twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times” 。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half 等来替换。.单句语法填
33、空1The woman physicist gave ( give ) birth to a fine healthy girl last year.2No one can account for the reason why the fire broke ( break ) out so suddenly.3The two theories ( theory) he put forward finally proved scientific.4As is known to us，the Peoples Republic of China came into existence (exist)
34、 as an independent country in 1949.5Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.6It doesnt matter much whether Tom will come to the party or not tonight.7Newton was one of the greatest physicists(physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.8Unlik
35、e(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.9The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.10The new teacking building being built now will be three times higger than the present one.单句改错1The sun heats the earth，which makes possib
36、le for plants to grow.makes后加 it2Wandering in the countryside，I could feel the wind gentle blowing through my hair.gentlegently3There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.manymuch4The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that hi
37、s - 11 -employees enjoy their work.thatwhere5The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing.puzzlingpuzzled.课文语法填空根据 P2526 课文内容，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.whose future is uncertain after the “Big Bang” Then the dust began to settle into a solid
38、 ball which was so 2.violent(violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 3.to_produce(produce) many things，which made the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases.Then life began to develop.Many
39、 millions of years later，small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.filled(fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen.Land 6.animals(animal) followed after the first green plants appeared.Then small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.Humans developed new means of growing，hunting and moving aroun
40、d.As time went by they covered the earth.Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8.escaping(escape) from the earth into space.As 9.a result，the problem of global warming occurs.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to_come(come
41、) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.写作改错双练根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。1据报道今年我们这里发生火灾的次数是去年的 3倍。(three times as many fires as)2上个星期六，光明路上的一家百货商场发生大火。(break out)3路上有那么多车辆和人以至于消防人员不能通过，消防车很难靠近现场。(get through；get close to)4依靠他们丰富的经验，消防人员最终阻止了火灾的蔓延。(depend on；prevent.from)5显而易见，我们是否能阻止火灾
42、取决于我们是否有安全意识。(a sense of safety)第一步：练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。- 12 -_第二步：练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有 5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。It is reported that we have had three times as much fires as last year.Last Saturday，a big fire break out in a department store in Guangming Road.There were such many people and cars in the stree
43、t that firefighters couldnt get through，which made it difficult for the fire trucks to get closely to the scene.Depending on their rich experience，the firemen prevented the fire from spreading eventually.It is obvious that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of safe
44、.【答案】 It is reported that we have had three times as fires as last year.Last muchmanySaturday，a big fire out in a department store in Guangming Road.There breakbrokewere many people and cars in the street that firefighters couldnt get suchsothrough，which made it difficult for the fire trucks to get to the closelyclosescene.Depending on their rich experience，the firemen prevented the fire from spreading eventually.It is obvious that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of .safesafety- 13 -
