1、1 / 15小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman
2、-women, policeman-policemen, child-children， policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ，foot-feet, tooth-teeth，fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _sand_watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ man_sheep _box_ thief _ peach_ wich _ wom
3、an_ paper_ juice_ water_milk_ rice_ tea_ strawberry _2 / 15二、一般现在时 （一）一般现在时基本用法介绍 1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 3、表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 （二）一般现在时的构成 1、 be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2、行为动词：主
4、语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加 “-s“或“-es“。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 （三）一般现在时的变化 1、 be 动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。3 / 15如：Where is my bike? 2、行为动词的变
5、化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+ 其它。如： Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 4 、特殊疑问句：疑
6、问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 5、动词+s 的变化规则（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks （2）以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：study-studies （四）一般现在时用法专练: 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 4 / 15drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ p
7、ass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ drink_start_ 2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) o
8、n Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby careful
9、ly. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 5 / 1517. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? It
10、s Saturday. 3、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、现在进行时 （一）现在进行时基本用法介绍 1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句基本
11、结构为be+动词 ing. 如: I am watching TV. 3、现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。如: I am not watching TV. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。如: Are you watching TV ? 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing? What are you doing? 6 / 15但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 如: Who is singing there? （二）动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-coo
12、king 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：停止 stop-stopping 游泳 swim swimming 坐下 sit sitting 逐渐变成 get getting 跑 run running 放下 Put- putting （三）现在进行时专项练习： 1、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make _go_ like_ write_ ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance _put_ see_ b
13、uy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _stop_ sit _ 2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.7 / 154. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers
14、now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .四、将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after t
15、omorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + 动词原形； will + 动词原形. 三、否定句：在 be 动词（am, is, are）后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 wont。 如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be 或 will 提到句首，some 改为any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。如：We are going to go on an outing this weeke
16、nd. 8 / 15Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：1、填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _next Monday?I _ _ _
17、 play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?2、改句子 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改
18、否定） I _ go _ join them. 9 / 157. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mo
19、ther are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ？五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 （yesterday, last year/week.） 2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。 （was not=wasn t）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。 （were not=werent） 带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, a
20、re 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原10 / 15形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1
21、一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied 5. 不规则动词的变化： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took,
22、run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 练习：写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ 11 / 15drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be 动
23、词的过去时练习 1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 2、用动词的适当形式填空
24、。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, we _ to the park,too. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holida
25、y. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She 12 / 15_(find) a beautiful butterfly. 3、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_ _2. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_ _六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。 人称
26、代词： I 我 we 我们 you 你 you 你们 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他们物主代词：my 我的 our 我们的 your 你的 your 你们的 his 他的her 她的 its 它的 their 他们的宾格：me 我 us 我们 you 你 you 你 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他们13 / 15主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers h
27、is its theirs 1、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.That is not _ kite. (my) 2. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 3. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! ( he ) 4. _ is my aunt. Do you know _job? _ is a nurse. ( she )5. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they )七、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人
28、的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如： tall-taller, strong-stronger, (2) 双写最后一个字母，再+er 如： big-bigger, fat- fatter, (3) 把 y 变 i，再+er 如： heavy-heavier, early-earlier (4) 不规则变化：如： well-better, much/many-more, 1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_
29、14 / 15short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ far_ well_2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 3. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 4. Whose pencil-box is _(b
30、ig),yours or hers? Hers is. 5. Ben jumps _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 6. Does Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 7.My eyes are _(big) than hers. 八、缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is dont=do not doesnt=does not its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt
31、=is not well=we will 九、情态动词 can 引导的句型表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。如：1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 15 / 154. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. 5How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.
